Goose Island Research Articles

Darkness on the Edge: Revisionary Black Radicalism in the Depression Era

Darkness on the Edge: Revisionary Black Radicalism in the Depression Era

Has Anheuser-Busch Let the Steam Out of Craft Beer? The Economics of Acquiring Craft Brewers

Macrobrewers initially responded to the rapid growth of the craft beer segment by product differentiation: offering versions of their own “craft beer.” When this proved unsuccessful, they began acquiring independent craft brewers. We examine the consequences of Anheuser-Busch InBev’s acquisition of Goose Island. We find large gains in sales for craft brewers post-acquisition, which suggests that marketing spillovers attracted new consumers to craft beer. We also find large negative effects on product variety, which suggests greater difficulty for craft brewers gaining shelf space in off-premise accounts. These variety effects are particularly pronounced in Goose Island’s regional “birthplace”: Illinois.

Has Anheuser-Busch Let the Steam Out of Craft Beer? The Economics of Acquiring Craft Brewers

We investigate the acquisition of Goose Island by Anheuser-Busch InBev to uncover the effects of such an acquisition on pricing and growth in the craft beer industry. We investigate the implications of the acquisition within the context of maverick firms and the unique strategic environment of the three-tier system.

Glaciation of the northern British Columbia continental shelf: the geomorphic evidence derived from multibeam bathymetric data

We describe a revised understanding of the extent and dynamics of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet on the continental shelf of northern British Columbia, Canada. During the Local Last Glacial Maximum ice streams occupied two of the three shelf‐crossing troughs in Queen Charlotte Sound (Goose Island Trough and Mitchell's Trough). A 25‐km‐wide outlet glacier – the Hecate Glacier – flowed south in Hecate Strait, parallel to the modern coast. It reached a grounding line at the head of Moresby Trough, beyond which an ice shelf may have extended to the edge of the continental shelf. The southern part of the independent Haida Gwaii Ice Cap formed piedmont lobes dissected by tunnel valleys. An emergent area east of the ice cap corresponds with the ‘Hecate Refugium’. Subsequently grounded ice retreated from the shelf troughs. The Hecate Glacier retreated incrementally towards the north. Mainland ice then stabilized along a north–south margin near modern coasts, marked by submarine moraines in the Chatham Sound region and elsewhere. This margin was probably contemporaneous with the margin at Mt. Buxton in the south of the study area, dated at c. 17.6 to 16.6 ka (Darvill et al. 2018). Off southern Haida Gwaii, following a retreat, a glacier margin was established east of Juan Perez Sound, proximal to a sandur plain graded to a water level of −150 m. Proglacial lakes to the north of here were the likely source for an outburst flood that created gravel bedforms and an area of sea‐floor scour. In a final phase, diminished mainland ice was confined to fjords, and retreat inland is marked by a succession of submarine moraines, beginning with a moraine at the Douglas Channel sill. The study has implications for the migration pathways for human migration into the Americas following deglaciation.

"How Newness Enters the World": Cultural Creolization in Swedish-American Hymnals Published at Augustana College, 1901–1925

IN HIS ENGAGINGLY TITLED STUDY Polkabilly: How the Goose Island Ramblers Redefined American Folk Music (2010), folklorist James P. Leary suggests the old-time ethnic music of the upper Midwest reflects much the same kind of cultural blending as New Orleans jazz. Here, he says, interactions have long been distinguished by egalitarianism, by freewheeling accommodation and blending across complex boundaries. Here reside North Coast creoles.1 By using the term creole, he doesn't mean to imply a taste for Cajun stews and file gumbo. Instead, he's borrowing a scholarly term used to discuss the blending of musical genres ranging from Afro-pop and Bollywood to the homegrown country-and-western bands that flourish in the oil fields of southern Norway in an age of globalization.Leary argues that midwestern polkas and hillbilly songs qualify as a creole art form, and I believe the somewhat earlier juxtaposition of Reformation-era Lutheran chorales, Victorian hymns, Swedish folk melodies and Anglo-American revival songs in early twentieth-century Swedish-American hymnals produced at Augustana College in Rock Island also reflects a complex process of creolization rather than a simple process of replacing Swedish with American forms. This term [creolization] describes the cross-fertilization which takes place between different cultures when they interact, says Paolo Toninato of the University of Warwick in England. locals select particular elements from incoming cultures, endow these with meanings different from those they possessed in the original culture and then creatively merge these with indigenous traditions to create totally new forms.2I believe that such a hybrid, creolized culture developed in the upper Midwest as Scandinavian-American immigration reached a peak in the 1910s and 1920s, and it is reflected not only in the popular music of the day but also in Swedish-American hymnody. While only an estimated 20 to 25 percent of Swedish immigrants belonged to Augustana Synod churches, the synod and its affiliated Augustana College and Theological Seminary in Rock Island did much to set the tone for Swedish-American culture at the turn of the twentieth century. And the process of SwedishAmerican acculturation is reflected closely in the synod's Hymnal and Service Book, published in 1925 by the Augustana Book Concern. Of 309 hymn-writers whose national origins could be identified in an informal content analysis of the 1925 hymnal, 139 are British and seventy-nine are American; seventy-one are German, and seventeen are Swedish. Of the seventy-nine Americans, twenty-three are specifically identified with Augustana. The relationships among the 1925 hymnal's hymns and spiritual songs are complex, however; many Swedish hymns are variants of German chorales, suggesting a process of creolization may have begun in post-Reformation Europe, and many of the spiritual songs in the hymnal come out of a pietist revival sparked by American evangelists like Dwight Moody that was international in scope.As the term is used by students of globalization and migrant cultures, creolization is notoriously hard to define, and its meaning has changed over time.3 Its etymology traces back to the languages produced by the children-often of mixed race-born to migrants in French-speaking colonies during the 1600s and 1700s. These creole languages, like Haitian Kreyol or the Cajun spoken in Louisiana, blended a French vocabulary with indigenous and African grammatical forms; over time, the colonies developed foodways, religious practices, festivals, music and dance which similarly blended cultural signifiers of Old and New World origin into a composite creole culture. Some, although not all, scholars consider African American vernacular English to have originated long ago as a creole language, and it was in that linguistic context that the term was borrowed in the 1980s by Ulf Hannerz of the University of Stockholm and other cultural anthropologists to describe the cultural mixing they seek to analyze in a rapidly globalizing economy. …

Flesh-footed Shearwaters (<em>Puffinus carneipes</em>) in the northeastern Pacific Ocean: summary and synthesis of records from Canada and Alaska

Flesh-footed Shearwaters (Puffinus carneipes) breed in Australia and New Zealand, but spend the non-breeding season in the north Pacific Ocean. They are rare compared with most non-breeding pelagic seabirds that occur in the northeastern Pacific. Recent surveys at breeding colonies have indicated a significant population decline since the 1970s. We compiled records of Flesh-footed Shearwaters off the Pacific coast of Canada and Alaska from 1937 to 2013. Flesh-footed Shearwaters were recorded from May to October, with most sightings in August and September. Flocks of more than 20 birds have not been recorded since the 1940s, and most sightings have been of single birds, although some key areas (e.g., Goose Island Bank) have not been surveyed in recent years and previous surveys are confounded by fishing activity. Given the significant population declines at breeding colonies, the conservation status of Flesh-footed Shearwaters should be revisited.

"The Southern Thesis": Revisited and Reaffirmed

first, I would like to thank the contributors to this journal issue for making me feel important, and for helping to keep my name and scholarship alive. It is indeed flattering but humbling to find my name used alongside that of Alan Lomax in the title of Ron Cohen's essay. And when Paul Tyler describes my narratives as impres- sively factual and my analyses as penetrating, I begin to know what it means to be damned with lavish praise. It is somehow strangely satisfying to be made the center of an issue even if the intent is to repudiate one of the central theses of my life's work.I find it troubling, though, to see my motives for writing described as malicious in origin. Of the various criticisms made by Paul Tyler, his kindest observation is to describe my work as reductionist exercise. Otherwise, he attributes my motives to mischief and my writings as in the service of sectionalist pride. I am not certain what he meant by the charge of sectionalist mischief, but he makes it sound as if I am some kind of rebel warrior intent on waving the Confeder- ate flag and prolonging the War of Rebellion. That will come as surprise to my conservative friends who know me as an ardent liberal and defender of civil rights and unions (both political and economic). Actually, although born, raised, and edu- cated in the and having spent the greater part of my academic career there, I have lived in the Midwest for about 18 years, and am pleased to be citizen of Mid- dle America and to share in its well-known generosity and rugged honesty. Since establishing residence in Wisconsin, I have been privileged to hear and perform with many of the region's finest country musicians, such as Chirps Smith and the Goose Island Ramblers.But I do want to acknowledge the fine work that Tyler and the other contributors have done in broadening our knowledge and understanding of American country music. Their work follows on the heels of insights contributed as early as the 1970s by such scholars as Simon Bronner, Bob Coltman, Peter Narvaez, and Neil Rosenberg, who have written about manifestations of country music outside the South. Since that time, other writers such as Jim Leary, with his investigations of folk culture in the Upper Midwest, and Gerald Haslam and Peter La Chapelle, who have written about country music in California, have similarly sharpened our knowledge of coun- try music outside Dixie's parameters.Students of American music, myself included, have long been aware that people have always made music at home and in community settings all over North America. Wherever they settled, from Canada to the Mexican border, people of European ex- traction sang ballads, love songs, and religious pieces, played fiddles, banjos, har- monicas, pianos, and other instruments, danced frequently at house parties or other local functions, and often utilized music as accompaniment or celebration of work. And everywhere, talented or ambitious musicians often tried to commercialize their art by exploiting or utilizing any means of dissemination that was available (whether community dance, stage show, radio broadcast, or phonograph recording). Newspapers, entertainment trade journals such as Billboard, and ephemeral journals such as Coun- try Song Roundup, Rural Radio, Talking Machine World, Mountain Broadcast and Prai- rie Recorder, National Hillbilly News, Radio Digest, and many others provide plentiful examples of hillbilly radio shows and barn dances that flourished throughout the United States for varying periods of time in the decades prior to World War II.While it is wonderful to see the full story of country music's history being fleshed out by these impressive essays, and refreshing to ponder the questions about the music's identity raised by Huber and Cohen, I nevertheless feel that my central thesis remains intact. As I argued in an essay in The Encyclopedia of Country Music (1998), I still believe that country music bears a special relationship to the South, and that its defining and appealing elements are linked to its origins in that region. …

A Model Simulation of Future Oceanic Conditions along the British Columbia Continental Shelf. Part II: Results and Analyses

An ocean circulation model for the British Columbia continental shelf is run with future initial conditions and forcing fields downscaled from the North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program archive. Average seasonal sea surface temperatures for the period 2065 to 2078 are projected to increase by between 0.5° and 2.0°C with respect to analogous averages from 1995 to 2008. Seasonal sea surface salinities are projected to decrease by as much as 2.0 over the same period, though there are some regions where and periods when small increases are projected. Though stronger winter winds result in larger Haida Eddies, slightly stronger summer winds along the western Vancouver Island shelf do not result in appreciable changes to either the cross-shelf upwelling or to the magnitude of Juan de Fuca Eddies or the timing of their formation. However, increased flows are projected in some seasons for the Rose Spit, Middle Bank, and Goose Island Bank eddies. More precipitation over the watersheds emptying into coastal waters produces larger freshwater discharges and, in particular, a stronger estuarine flow in Juan de Fuca Strait and a stronger Vancouver Island Coastal Current. Generally increasing winds and decreasing density mean that the winter minus summer range of sea surface heights is projected to increase all along the coast.

The Application of Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method in Non-Point Pollution on Wetland Water Environmental Impact

To clear the agricultural non-point source effects on wetland water environment and the purification efficiency of wetland on non-point pollution. Use the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to analyze the water quality conditions of three different urban wetland of Harbin in north shore of Songhua river which affected by human Agriculture activities. Selected Wanbao wetland goose island and sun island water quality monitoring, monitoring time was in October 2004, May 2005, August 2005, and April 2008, a total of four times. The results shown that Wanbao wetland meets water quality planning V water, Goose Island and the sun island meets quality planning IV water. According to fuzzy coefficient can compare the three places wetland water pollution by heavy degree to light for Wanbao wetland > Sun island wetland > Goose island wetland. From upstream to downstream water purification by wetlands, water quality gradually improved.

Polkabilly. How the Goose Island Ramblers Redefined American Folk Music. By James P. Leary.

Forged from an eclectic mix of ‘music from Europe’ and ‘American country music’ (p. 31) the folk music of the Upper Midwest confounds attempts at definition by its origins and historical authenticity. Repeatedly inflected and reinvigorated by elements from popular music of the day, ranging from minstrelsy to rock and roll, it combines elements of Irish, Polish, Scandinavian, and German stylistic traits with blues, gospel, and Native American musics. James P. Leary calls this music ‘polkabilly’, a term designed to capture both its rustic American and European folk roots. Lacking the oppositional political credentials of blues and gospel, or the perceived European historical lineage of Appalachian music, it expresses a comfortable, ‘old time’, down-at-home localism that is not easily appropriated by an agenda set in terms of the politics of race and nation: Like middle-aged, middlebrow, middle of the road, middle class and middle American, the words suggest at best, reliable stolidity, at worst dull mediocrity. … Lacking the antiquity of the East, the tragedy of the South, or the destiny of the West, the Midwest is most often conceived of as an enduringly average region in the American imagination: a vast flat land to fly over where, despite rusty factories and troubled farms, small towns and neighbourhoods persist and family values remain intact (p. 3).

Polkabilly: How the Goose Island Ramblers Redefined American Folk Music

Polkabilly: How the Goose Island Ramblers Redefined American Folk Music

Polkabilly: How the Goose Island Ramblers Redefined American Folk Music (review)

Polkabilly: How the Goose Island Ramblers Redefined American Folk Music (review)

Metals in Feathers of Black-Crowned Night-Heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) Chicks from the New York Harbor Estuary

In heavily urbanized landscapes such as the New York Harbor Estuary, the local environment is subject to a variety of contamination sources. Environmental contaminants such as heavy metals and metalloids pose a risk to wildlife inhabiting the harbor. Metal concentrations in feathers indicate exposure and provide insight into the potential adverse effects on birds. In 2004 and 2005 down feathers were collected from 147 black-crowned night heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) chicks living on four island colonies in the New York Harbor Estuary, USA: Goose Island, Hoffman Island, North Brother Island, and Canarsie Pol. We examined geographical and interannual differences in concentrations of the metalloid arsenic (As) and the heavy metals cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg). Significant differences in metal concentrations were a function of location, with North Brother Island having the highest As concentrations and Goose Island having the highest Cr and Pb concentrations in feathers collected in 2004. In 2005, feather samples indicated Hoffman Island had the highest Cr concentrations and North Brother Island had the highest Pb and Hg concentrations. Concentrations of As, Cd, and Hg decreased significantly from 2004 to 2005 on North Brother Island, Hg on Hoffman Island decreased from 2004 to 2005, while Cr on Hoffman Island increased from 2004 to 2005. Cd and Pb concentrations were higher and As and Cr concentrations were generally lower than concentrations reported in previous studies. Further investigation is necessary on the declining population of herons in the New York Harbor Estuary to determine specifically if birds are experiencing adverse effects from metal contaminants, or if organic contaminants, such as organic Hg or polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), are playing a role in this population's decline.

Survival and Spatial Ecology of the Snapping Turtle, <em>Chelydra serpentina</em>, on the Upper Mississippi River

We studied the survival and spatial ecology of adult Snapping Turtles (Chelydra serpentina) on Pool 8 of the Upper Mississippi River (UMR) during 1997-2001. We captured 597 Snapping Turtles 745 times (333 adult males; 238 adult females; and 26 juveniles) at two study sites; Goose Island, Wisconsin and Lawrence Lake, Minnesota. From this sample, we radio-marked 104 Snapping Turtles of legal harvest size 128 times. Annual survival ranged from 0.857 to 1.000 and averaged 0.944 with Goose Island and Lawrence Lake estimates pooled. Legal harvest was the most important cause of mortality and accounted for 57% of documented deaths. Annual home range size using the Poly-Buff (PB) method averaged 11.13 ha and ranged from 2.20 ha to 37.18 ha. Emergent and rooted-floating aquatic vegetation were used disproportionally more than their availability and 72% of all locations collected during the active period occurred within these habitat types. Overall, radio-marked Snapping Turtles selected hibernacula in the following habitat categories; marshes (38%), main/side channels (28%), backwater sloughs and small ponds (14%), spring areas (10%), small tributary streams (7%), and tertiary channels (3%). Developing conservative, consistent harvest regulations among the states that border the UMR should be a management priority.

Foraminiferal Evidence of Younger Dryas Age Cooling on the British Columbia Shelf

Cluster analysis of foraminifera from a ~12,000-9000 radiocarbon year old piston core from Goose Island Trough, Queen Charlotte Sound, indicates that a cold interval correlative with the Younger Dryas stadial occurred during a shallow water phase. The reduction in depth was caused by the passage across the area, between 11,500 and 10,000 years BP, of a glacial forebulge associated with the retreat of the Late Wisconsinian ice sheets. Published sedimentological evidence indicate that water depths decreased to ~75-90 m, placing the site above the permanent North Pacific pycnocline (100 m). Low salinity-near glacial conditions, at these depths, between -11,100 and 10,000 years BP were recognized by abundant populations of Cassidulina reniforme and lslandiella helenae. This cold interval has also been recognized in cores from elsewhere in Queen Charlotte Sound. The depressed salinity and temperature may have resulted from a modification of regional weather patterns. Decreased mean continental summer temperatures could have reduced the seasonal influence of the North Pacific High and lengthened that of the Aleutian Low. This would have resulted in a near continuous onshore surface Ekman transport and enhanced coastal runoff, effectively blocking the movement onto the shelf of deep, saline, warm water of the California Undercurrent. The resultant isolated inshore basin comprised of present-day Hecate Strait and Queen Charlotte Sound is tentatively named the "Hecate Sea". By ~10,000 years BP, weather and ocean circulation had returned to near modern patterns as indicated by the disappearance of lslandiella helenae and by the development of an Epistominella vitrea - dominated biofacies.

Polkabilly: how the Goose Island Ramblers redefined American folk music

Polkabilly: how the Goose Island Ramblers redefined American folk music

Diseases of the Body Politic: White Slavery in Jane Addams' A New Conscience and an Ancient Evil and Selected Short Stories by Charlotte Perkins Gilman

Charlotte Perkins Gilman travelled from California to Chicago in 1896, spending three months at Hull House with her friend Jane Addams. Their discussions that summer resulted in a curious cross-pollination, each woman borrowing from the other, although neither, as it turns out, finding the exchange quite comfortable. Gilman, gratified by the intellectual audience at Hull House, was repelled by the day-to-day visceral contact with the poor. When Addams arranged for her to run a settlement on Chicago's North Side, known as “Little Hell,” Gilman eyed the grim prospect: “The loathly river flowed sluggishly near by, thick and ill-smelling; Goose Island lay black in the slow stream. Everywhere a heavy dinginess; low, dark brick factories and gloomy wooden dwellings often below the level of the street; foul plank sidewalks, rotten and full of holes; black mud underfoot, damp soot drifting steadily down over everything.” Poverty, in her description, infects both nature and culture, fouling the city and infesting it with literal and metaphorical disease. She soon handed her job over to Helen Campbell and moved on to write her theoretical analysis of the disease of middle-class marriage, Women and Economics (1899); “my interest was in all humanity, not merely the under side of it,” she mused, “in sociology, not social pathology.”

Oceanographic features of Hecate Strait and Queen Charlotte Sound in Summer

Abstract We present evidence of previously unresolved oceanographic features in Queen Charlotte Sound and Hecate Strait using data collected in the summer of 1990 and interpreted using a three‐dimensional, finite‐element diagnostic numerical model for two separate simulations: baroclinic flow without wind‐forcing and barotropic flow with wind‐forcing. Features include a strong, prevailing southward flow along the east coast of Moresby and Kunghit Islands, clockwise circulation around the edge of Middle Bank and a cold‐water plume flowing from the shallows at the north end of Aristazabal Island toward the south and through the trough between Middle Bank and Goose Island Bank A persistent (near‐surface) outflow into the Pacific Ocean is found near the surface within 20 km of Cape St. James at the southern tip of the Queen Charlotte Islands and intermittent surface outflows are observed across the mouth of Queen Charlotte Sound. In central Hecate Strait, to the north of Middle Bank, prevailing along‐strait currents are weak and there is an east‐west interleaving of two water masses: warm water from the west side of the strait and cold water from the east side.

Identification of remanié fossils using amino acid racemisation

The extent of racemisation for a range of amino acids for the total acid hydrolysate and free fractions, calibrated against radiocarbon dating, indicates that the foraminifer Marginopora vertebralis, found within ‘modern’ tidal flat sediments between Wardang Island and Goose Island, South Australia, is reworked from the underlying Late Pleistocene Glanville Formation. Analyses of amino acids in the total acid hydrolysate and free fractions in conjunction with the determination of absolute concentrations of amino acid residues in fossils, provides an elegant method for assessing the validity of amino acid racemisation dating, and in identifying reworked fossils.

A finite element model for tides and resonance along the north coast of British Columbia

A finite element, barotropic, tidal model is developed for the north coast of British Columbia. The model is run with eight tidal constituents and the results are compared with the Flather (1987) finite difference model, and with extensive tide gauge and current meter observations. Although the tidal potential, Earth tide, and loading tide are included in the forcing, their inclusion is shown to change the largest M2 amplitudes by only 2.5% and the largest K1 amplitudes by less than 1%. Root mean square differences between observed and calculated sea level amplitudes and phases are within 1.9 cm and 2.9° for all but one constituent, but the model currents do not in general, compare as favourably. The barotropic currents observed in Hecate Strait are reproduced well, but elsewhere evidence is shown that model inaccuracies are due to baroclinic effects. Tidal residual currents calculated by the model suggest the existence of eddies off the tip of Cape St. James, Cape Chacon, and around Goose Island and Learmonth Banks. The shallow water constituents in Hecate Strait are shown to have significant contributions from the constructive interference of signals propagating into Dixon Entrance and Queen Charlotte Sound. Using the model, the longest resonant period of the system is estimated to be 7.6 hours with an energy dissipation parameter, Q, of 9.5.