Background: Interprofessional education (IPE) and interprofessional collaboration (IPC) are globally recognized as strategies for strengthening health systems and improving patient outcomes. Although frameworks and evidence have been well established in high-income countries, insights from low- and middle-income contexts remain limited. In the Philippines, studies on IPE and IPC are emerging but remain fragmented across disciplines and institutions. Objectives: This review aimed to synthesize international and Philippine literature on IPE and IPC, identify key frameworks, experiences, and challenges, and discuss implications for education, practice, and policy development in the Philippine context. Materials and methods: A narrative review approach was used to integrate diverse forms of evidence on IPE and IPC. Sources were identified through PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and relevant organizational reports using the keywords “interprofessional education,” “interprofessional collaboration,” “health professions,” and “Philippines.” Articles published in English between 2000 and 2024 were included if they discussed definitions, frameworks, implementation strategies, challenges, or outcomes. Extracted data were synthesized thematically to operationalize the review objectives, focusing on conceptual and policy foundations of IPE and IPC, evidence of effectiveness, international experiences, the Philippine context and local evidence, and challenges, barriers, and sustainability. Results: Global literature shows that IPE enhances teamwork, communication, and, in some cases, patient outcomes, though findings are often constrained by methodological heterogeneity. International frameworks from Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States establish shared competency domains but highlight challenges in assessment and curriculum integration. Philippine studies demonstrate readiness among students and professionals, pilot initiatives in community and institutional settings, and recurring barriers such as faculty shortages, professional hierarchies, and limited policy support. Sustainability emerged as a major concern in both global and local contexts. Conclusion: IPE and IPC hold significant potential to advance collaborative health professions education in the Philippines and similar low- and middleincome countries. To strengthen sustainability, contextual adaptation of global frameworks, investment in faculty development, alignment of accreditation and policy standards, and longitudinal research are essential to building enduring models that enhance interprofessional collaboration and health system outcomes.

Lingual nerve injury (LNI) is a frequent complication of oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize current evidence on the epidemiology, management strategies, and outcomes of LNI. Following PRISMA guidelines, PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched for observational studies and clinical trials reporting LNI. Outcomes included etiology of permanent LNI, interventions, timing of repair, and functional sensory recovery (FSR). A single-arm random-effects meta-analysis was performed. Bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Cochrane Risk of Bias 2. Twenty-eight studies involving 1358 permanent LNI were analyzed. Molar extraction was the leading cause (1102/1176; 95%CI: 98-100%). Median time from injury to repair was 7.7 months (95%CI: 6.5-15.8). Pooled FSR rate after intervention was 92% (837/910; 95%CI: 87-96), with median time to recovery of 7.2 months (95%CI: 3.7-9.6). No significant difference was observed between repairs performed before or after 6 months. LNI is a complication of oral and maxillofacial surgery, with molar extraction representing the leading etiology. Permanent neurosensory deficits may occur, but microsurgical repair provides favorable outcomes, especially within the first year. Standardized outcome reporting is recommended to guide surgical decisions and improve patient care. A schematic management guideline is proposed based on current evidence.

The therapeutic potential of Dihydroartemisinin for autoimmune disease: Effects on the Th17/Treg balance.

Perioperative ketamine or esketamine for acute postoperative pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis with meta-regression.

To synthesize existing evidence on environmental factors influencing T1D development and progression, describe methods for exposome assessment, and identify current research gaps. This review follows the JBI methodology and PRISMA-ScR guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science and Google Scholar in November 2024, with alerts screening up to August 2025. We systematically reviewed studies examining environmental exposures across the lifespan in relation to T1D incidence, outcomes, and complications. Out of 982 records screened, 109 studies were included. Most studies focused on T1D development, while few addressed exposome determinants of disease progression. Eighteen exposure types were identified: 5 from the general external exposome (e.g., meteorological conditions, urban/rural environment, psychosocial factors); 12 from the specific external exposome (e.g., diet including breastfeeding and cow's milk, infectious agents primarily enteroviruses, atmospheric pollutants like NOx, O₃, SO₄, PM₁₀); and one from the internal exposome (e.g., gut microbiota dysbiosis, metabolic imbalance). Infectious agents, air pollutants, and early-life diet are well studied and consistently associated with T1D onset. However, little is known about the role of cumulative and combined exposures, or the exposome's influence on disease progression and complications. Comprehensive research integrating exposome assessment across the life course is essential to improve T1D prevention and clinical management.

Camel brucellosis is a neglected zoonotic disease that poses a significant economic and public health threat, particularly in regions where camel is vital to the pastoral community. Despite being an important health issue, there is limited comprehensive evidence on the burden of brucellosis in camel and camel owners in endemic countries. The objective of this review was to evaluate the prevalence of brucellosis among camels and camel owners in Ethiopia. The review sought major databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocols guidelines, with all searches completed by 30 September 2025. Heterogeneity among studies was assessed and a random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled seroprevalence of brucellosis in camels and their owners. Subgroup analysis, meta-regression and sensitivity analysis were used to identify the sources of variation. Funnel plots, along with Egger's tests, were employed to evaluate publication bias. The pooled seroprevalence of brucellosis in camel was found to be 3.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.0, 4.0), whereas in camel owners it was 14.0% (95% CI: 0.0, 34.0). The subgroup analysis revealed the highest seroprevalence of camel brucellosis was 5.0% (95% CI: 3.0, 6.0) in the Afar region, followed by 3.0% (95% CI: 2.0, 6.0) in Tigray and 2.0% (95% CI: 1.0, 3.0) in the Somali and Oromia regions. Furthermore, the analysis by publication year revealed that the seroprevalence from 2017 to 2025 was higher, at 3.0% (95% CI: 2.0, 4.0), compared to 2000-2016, which had a seroprevalence of 2.0% (95% CI: 1.0, 3.0). This meta-analysis emphasizes that brucellosis in camels and their owners continues to pose a significant threat in Ethiopia. Therefore, it is critical for veterinary and public health sectors to collaborate in designing and implementing effective prevention and control strategies for camel and camel owners' brucellosis using a One Health framework.

Introduction: This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of quinolones (nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds), including their mechanism of action, drug resistance, Structure-activity Relationship (SAR), and classification across generations. It also highlights recent progress in developing quinolone hybrids designed to improve antibacterial efficacy and combat resistance. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using scientific databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Keywords included “quinolone hybrids,” “antibacterial activity,” and “fluoroquinolone.” Relevant literature on quinolone hybrids published from 2018 to 2024 was systematically collected, reviewed, and analyzed. Results: A wide range of quinolone hybrids have been developed in recent years, incorporating various pharmacophores to improve antibacterial effectiveness and combat resistance. These hybrids exhibited significantly enhanced antibacterial potency with reduced MIC values against resistant strains compared to standard quinolone drugs. SAR analyses have further provided valuable insights into the impact of structural modifications on biological activity. Discussion: The study highlights that Quinolone hybrids integrate quinolones with other active compounds to enhance antimicrobial effectiveness, counter resistance, and target multiple bacterial sites, offering a powerful approach against drug-resistant infections. Conclusion: Quinolone hybrids represent a promising approach to antibiotic development, offering new strategies to address the evolving threat of bacterial resistance. Continued research in this area could lead to next-generation antibacterial agents with improved efficacy and therapeutic potential.

Biometric Data in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Detection: A Scoping Review of Digital Health Applications.

Data addressing health-related quality of life (HRQOL) following maxillary reconstruction with free flaps remain scarce. Insight into these outcomes is essential for clinical decision-making. A systematic review of Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Google Scholar was performed for publications on HRQOL after free flap reconstruction of maxillary defects following tumor resection or osteoradionecrosis. A meta-analysis was conducted using pooled estimates and random-effect models. In total, 5,818 unique articles were screened, 123 underwent full-text review, and 7 studies comprising 196 patients were included. Most studies used the UW-QoL (42.9%) or EORTC QLQ-H&N35 (42.9%); one used the FACE-Q Head and Neck Cancer Module. Meta-analyses revealed consistent pronounced impairments in functional domains. In the EORTC QLQ-H&N35, highest symptom burdens were observed for dry mouth, mouth opening, speech, and social eating, while pain and social contact were less affected. Lowest domain scores in UW-QoL were seen for chewing, appearance, and activity. FACE-Q results corroborated these findings, with lowest scores for eating, drinking, oral competence, and salivation. Psychosocial domains such as pain, social contact, and cancer worry were less affected. One study reported significantly better HRQOL outcomes with virtual surgical planning assisted reconstruction compared to conventional planning. Functional impairments were the most consistently patient-reported symptoms following maxillary free flap reconstruction. There is a need for well-designed, adequately powered studies that identify patient- and treatment-related predictors of HRQOL and compare different treatment options. Such insights could improve preoperative counseling and support shared decision-making, ultimately enabling more personalized, effective care.

Perinatal depression is more prevalent in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) than in high-income countries, reflecting greater exposure to physical, psychosocial, and environmental adversities. It can have lasting consequences for the woman, her child, and wider family. Despite its high burden, access to appropriate mental health care for perinatal depression remains extremely limited in most LMICs. In this narrative review, we conducted a search of PubMed and Google Scholar from 2015 to 2024 (with the addition of other key articles based on authorship team consensus) for recent and policy-relevant systematic reviews, meta-analyses, key individual studies, and practice guidelines to provide an overview of identification, treatment, and prevention of perinatal depression in LMICs. Regarding identification, brief screening measures have been adapted and validated in LMICs, but there have been few studies testing the feasibility and effectiveness of screening programs. Cognitive behavioral therapy and interpersonal therapy have demonstrated effectiveness for perinatal depression in meta-analyses that include LMIC studies, particularly when adapted into brief, structured formats and delivered by nonspecialist providers through task-sharing models. Regarding prevention, evidence from a range of studies supports universal delivery of low-intensity psychosocial interventions during routine perinatal care and psychological interventions for women with elevated symptoms or known risk factors. Multiple barriers to implementation of effective perinatal depression interventions at scale in LMICs remain, including financial and human resource constraints, high service user to provider ratios, and underdeveloped referral pathways. Responses include delivery of interventions by peers rather than health workers and use of digital technologies.

Ammoides pusilla, a member of the Apiaceae family, is a plant with significant medicinal potential, it has been used in traditional practices to treat various health issues like diabetes, fever, cold, respiratory and genital diseases. This review aims to explore its ethnobotanical uses, phytochemical composition, and pharmacological properties based on articles from Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, PubMed, ResearchGate, and Scopus databases. Scientific studies have revealed the therapeutic potential of Ammoides pusilla, attributed to its rich content of phenolic compounds and terpenes, notably thymol, carvacrol, p-cymene and γ-terpinene. Evidence suggests its efficacy against oxidative stress, microbial infections, diabetes and may even have antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects. However, further research is needed to understand the action mechanisms and conduct comprehensive toxicity assessments.

To evaluate the association between retinal vein occlusion and leukemia. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Cochrane Library from inception to October 20, 2025, following PRISMA guidelines and a registered PROSPERO protocol (CRD420251134924). Observational studies reporting ocular findings in leukemia were included. Data extraction and risk of bias assessment were performed independently using the JBI and ROBINS-I tools. Pooled effect sizes were calculated using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA v4.0), expressed as logit event rates with 95% confidence intervals. Case reports were narratively summarized but excluded from quantitative synthesis. Eight studies encompassing 1,016 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled logit event rate for overall ocular manifestations was -0.3307 (95% CI: -0.456 to -0.206; P < 0.0001), corresponding to a prevalence of 42%. Retinal hemorrhage was the most frequent finding (logit = -1.90; 13%-15%), followed by retinal infiltration (logit = -3.55; 3%) and retinal vein occlusion (logit = -4.41; 1.2%). Heterogeneity was low for infiltration (I 2 = 10.2%) and retinal vein occlusion (I 2 = 0%). Ocular involvement occurs in nearly half of patients with leukemia, with retinal hemorrhages and microvascular compromise as dominant manifestations. Although retinal vein occlusion is rare, it signifies advanced hematologic derangement. These findings highlight the importance of routine ophthalmic screening including fundus examination, OCT, and OCTA-as integral components of leukemia management for early detection, systemic correlation, and vision preservation.

Meta-analysis. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to appraise the evidence comparing surgical outcomes with and without preoperative embolization. Hypervascular tumors present a surgical challenge due to their substantial intraoperative blood loss. Although preoperative embolization is often used to mitigate intraoperative bleeding, its consistent advantage has not been conclusively demonstrated across existing studies. Following the PRISMA guidelines, PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar were accessed and explored until May 2025. Articles were included if they reported comparative studies evaluating perioperative outcomes of preoperative embolization (E) versus no embolization (NE) in the surgical treatment of hypervascular spinal tumors. A subanalysis was performed based on whether studies reported no statistically significant difference in surgical invasiveness between the two groups. Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria, including 225 patients in group NE and 340 in group E. When all studies were analyzed collectively, no significant differences were observed between the NE group and the E group for any of the outcomes. However, in the subgroup of studies that reported no statistically significant differences in surgical invasiveness, there was no significant difference in blood loss ( P =0.75) between the NE group and the E group. In contrast, in the other subgroup of studies, the NE group showed greater blood loss (mean difference=283.08mL; 95% CI: 2.21-563.95; P =0.05). Preoperative embolization was not associated with consistent benefits in surgical outcomes for hypervascular spinal tumors. While some studies reported reduced blood loss with embolization, these findings were limited to analyses lacking control for specific surgical characteristics. This suggests that the perceived advantages may reflect confounding factors rather than the true effect of embolization. However, surgical equipoise remains, and the decision to embolize should be individualized based on surgical and patient-related factors. Level III.

Grape seeds are recognized for their potential health benefits, particularly their antibacterial and antioxidant properties. This systematic review evaluates the antibacterial and antioxidant effects of grape seed varieties in Iran, highlighting the unique contributions of specific varieties. This study followed the 2020 'Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses' (PRISMA) standards. Two writers separately searched the databases Web of Science (WoS), PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and Embase. The publication searches were carried out using various combinations of the phrases listed below: 'Antibacterial activity' OR 'Antimicrobial Activity' OR 'Antibiofilm Activity' OR 'In vitro Antimicrobial Activity' OR 'Antifungal Activity' AND 'Grape Seed,' and/or 'Grape Seed Extract' AND 'Iran'. The keywords such as 'Antioxidant activity' OR 'Antiradical Activity' OR 'DPPH, FRAP' AND 'Grape Seed,' and/or 'Grape Seed Extract' AND 'Iran' were also used. The reference lists of chosen articles were also manually reviewed and relevant articles were included. Following PRISMA guidelines, multiple databases were searched, yielding 16 eligible studies. Based on the literature data on the antibacterial activity of grape seed extracts in Iran, it is evident that ethanol and methanol extracts have been the most extensively tested. These different extracts have demonstrated good inhibitory activity against the growth of the tested bacterial strains, with varying inhibition diameters depending on the strains and extracts used. Seed extract antioxidant activity ranged from 34.03% (Green) to 53.63% (Black). Specifically, the Black grape seed extract demonstrated the highest total antioxidant capacity with DPPH (53.63%-0.34%), IC50 and AEAC (7.41 and 16.92mg/mL) and a total phenolic content of 3 0.01mg tannic acid/g DM. Iranian grape seeds show promising potential as a source of antioxidants and natural antimicrobial agents. This review identifies the need for targeted research on the distinct characteristics of grape seed varieties and their implications for health and agriculture in Iran.

Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) is a widely prevalent and economically important pathogen of cattle with substantial implications for dairy production in Ethiopia. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of BoHV-1 infection in the country. A systematic literature searches of PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar was conducted to identify eligible studies reporting the seroprevalence of bovine herpesvirus-1 in dairy cattle. Pooled prevalence estimates were generated using a random-effect meta-analysis model. A total of nine studies that met the inclusion criteria were analysed, encompassing 5078 dairy cattle tested using competitive (c-ELISA) and blocking (b-ELISA) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The overall pooled prevalence of BoHV-1 was estimated at 46.02% (95% CI: 33.36 to 58.68). A higher prevalence was observed with the c-ELISA (54.17%; 95% CI: 31.62 to 76.71) compared to the b-ELISA (39.56%; 95% CI: 26.08 to 53.04). Temporal analysis revealed a pooled prevalence of 36.93% (95% CI: 25.93 to 47.93 from studies conducted between 2018 and 2021 (3 studies, 2274 samples) and 56.63% (95% CI: 32.96 to 68.31) from studies between 2022 and 2025 (6 studies, 2804 samples). Prevalence also varied with sample size, with the highest prevalence recorded in studies with a sample size between 413-563 (51.79%; 95% CI: 41.37 to 62.21), followed by those with a sample size of 164-384 (46%; 95% CI: 18.84 to 75.05). The finding suggests a rising trend in BoHV-1 infection, with no evidence of publication bias. In-depth epidemiological studies and the development of effective prevention and control strategies to mitigate the effects of BoHV-1 infection in Ethiopia.

Quality of Life After Radical Cystectomy: Meta-analysis of Neobladder and Ileal Conduit Outcomes Across Multiple Assessment Tools.

Tonsillectomy, with or without adenoidectomy, is the most common major surgical procedure performed in children. The risk and incidence of primary and secondary post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage (PTH) have been well described. The goal of this scoping review is to analyze the incidence and risk factors for recurrent PTH, and to map existing evidence to identify knowledge gaps. CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, Google Scholar, and Ovid Medline. The study followed PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Three reviewers independently screened studies, including those reporting the incidence of PTH and recurrent PTH in children. There were 229 recurrent PTH episodes described in the 11 manuscripts included in this analysis, with 7.1% of initial PTH cases re-bleeding (0.33% of total tonsillectomy cases). Management of recurrent PTH involved surgical intervention and observation. Oropharyngeal findings at the time of the initial PTH and management strategy for the initial PTH were not associated with increased recurrence rates. The indication for tonsillectomy, NSAID usage, and surgical technique were not associated with recurrent PTH when reported. Across studies, there was wide heterogeneity in how recurrent bleeding was defined, and inconsistent reporting of timing and outcomes. The predictive value of laboratory screening for occult coagulopathies in children with multiple bleeds was unclear. No clear risk factors for recurrent PTH were identified from the pooled analysis. This scoping review highlights major research gaps, including the need for standardized definitions and severity grading, prospective multicenter data to clarify predictors of recurrence, and systematic evaluation of hematologic screening protocols.

Long term speech outcome post cleft palate repair in Kenya: Literature review.

To synthesize qualitative evidence on the experiences of undergraduate nursing students and new graduate nurses engaged in formal paid employment models or health-related work during their undergraduate studies, to examine how these employment-based clinical experiences influence their transition to nursing practice, and to identify elements that facilitate or hinder this transition. Qualitative systematic review. Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, Emcare (Ovid), CINAHL Complete (EBSCOhost), ERIC (ProQuest), and gray literature sources, including ProQuest Dissertations and Theses and Google Scholar. No date or country limits were applied, although only English-language studies were included. The review followed JBI methodology for qualitative evidence synthesis and adhered to PRISMA reporting guidelines. Two reviewers independently appraised methodological quality using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist, with disagreements resolved through discussion with a third reviewer. Findings were aggregated through meta-aggregation. Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria, contributing 92 findings categorized into 13 categories and three synthesized findings: 1) Developing professional identities while navigating role-related challenges; 2) Developing clinical competence and confidence; and 3) Gaining environmental familiarity and workplace socialisation while managing high expectations. Formal paid employment and health-related work provided students and new graduates with opportunities to enhance confidence, competence, and workplace readiness. However, they also encountered challenges related to role boundaries, supervision variability, and dual expectations, illustrating the complex influence of employment-based experiences on transition to practice. Additional clinical experience acquired through formal paid employment and health-related work contributes meaningfully to the transition to nursing practice by strengthening professional identity, clinical proficiency, and workplace socialization. Persistent challenges highlight the need for structured support, clear supervision, and defined scopes of practice within employment-based roles.

Organ-on-a-chip in oral medicine: Emerging approaches and applications.