Good Vegetative Growth Research Articles

Impact of Organically Produced Manure on Growth, Flowering, Yield and Quality of African Marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) in Bhopal Agro Climatic Conditions cv. Pusa Narangi

The present investigation was undertaken at Department of Horticulture, Mansarovar Global University Sehore, Madhya Pradesh, during the year 2022.The experiment was laid out in R.B.D. with three replications and 13 treatments separately. The metrics of floral yield, such as number of flowers, flower diameter, and fresh and dried flower weight, as well as vegetative growth parameters, such as plant height, number of branches, and plant spread, were all increased by fertilizer most effectively flower production, length of blooming, shelf life were all at their highest. Thus, the African marigold exhibited good vegetative growth and flower output properties as a result of the usage of organic manures.

Nutrient Accumulation During Vegetative and Reproductive Growth Affected by Endogenous and Exogenous Phosphorus Applications in Maize Crop

ABSTRACT Although maize (Zea mays L.) crop has high production potential for forage and grain, however it requires efficient managerial practices for optimum yield. Adequate nutrients for optimum growth led to good vegetative and reproductive growth. Field studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of two endogenous seed phosphorus (P); i.e. SLP: seed with low endogenous phosphorus (1.5 mg kg −1 seed dry weight), and SHP: seed with high endogenous phosphorus (3.2 mg kg −1 seed dry weight). Pre-categorized seeds were tested against five rates of exogenous soil P, namely, (1) control: no P (0 kg P ha −1); (2) 50 kg P ha −1; (3) 100 kg P ha −1; (4) 150 kg P ha −1; and (5) 200 kg P ha −1. Seeds having different P contents depicted non-prominent effects on accumulation patterns with few exceptions of P (at physiological maturity (R6) and of potassium (K) (at grain filling (R4) and R6); exogenous P expressed significant effects. Nitrogen (N), P, K, zinc (Zn), and boron (B) exhibited differential accumulation behavior during maize growth. Nitrogen expressed accumulation from tasseling (VT) to R4; however, P, K, Zn, and B depicted remobilization from VT to R6. Maximum accumulation efficiency of P (50.7%), Zn (46.9%), and B (51.4%) was observed from VT to R4 growth, whereas maximum response of K (60.3%) and N (21.8%) was witnessed from R4 to R6, representing variant source-sink capacities. Boron depicted greater remobilization under low exogenous P applications. Results suggest that exogenous P application severely affects nutrient accumulation during pre- and post-grain filling growth.

Micropropagation of Paulownia elongata tree through Plant Tissue Culture Technology

The study was carried out at biotechnology research center laboratories for the purpose of Micropropagation of Paulownia elongata tree by using plant tissue culture technique for the purpose of identifying the best plant Micropropagation conditions. The plants were sterilized superficially by immersing them in the Clorox solution, then the sterilized plants were cultured in MS media supplemented with several concentrations of (BA and Kinetin) for the purpose of obtaining the best vegetative growths. Obtained plants were also cultured in MS media supplemented with different concentrations of (IBA and NAA) for the purpose of obtaining the best root growth. Finally plants were moved for the adaptation stage. The results indicated that single-nods cultured in (MS) media supplemented with a concentration of 2 and 2.5 mg / L of (BA) growth regulator resulted in good vegetative growth represented in the number of leaves, while the best treatment of branches growth was using 2 mg / L concentration of the Kinetin (K) growth regulator but For the length of the plant, the treatment of the control achieved the best results. For the root site, the results showed that the culture media (MS) plus 0.2 mg / L of the growth regulator (NAA) resulted in the best root growth. As for the adaptation, the results showed that 85% of the plants could be adapted to the sterile environment of soil with 1: 1 size / volume before transferring them to the greenhouse.

Duration of of Low-Temperature Storage, Clove Topping and Gibberellic Acid on Emergence, Yield and Yield Components of Garlic.

Dormancy of freshly harvested garlic cloves does not allow early emergence, and preplanting garlic clove treatment is critical for more than one cycle of production in a year. This field experiment was conducted to assess the effect of treating cloves on emergence, growth, and yield of “Tseday” variety during the main cropping season of 2014/2015 and off-season of 2015/16 at Haramaya University. The experiment was arranged in a factorial combination of four (cold stored at 7°C for the duration of 10, 20, and 30 days and stored at room temperature 21°C for 30 days as control), two (whole and topped clove), and four GA3 treatment at concentration of 0, 125, 250, and 375 mg/l and distilled water treatment as second control laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. The three main factors (clove type, cold storage duration, and GA3) and growing season showed significant influence on phenology, growth, bulb yield and yield components, and all size categories of cloves, while GA3 showed nonsignificant effect on days to emergence of cloves. Clove type interacted with cold storage duration and GA3, and cold storage duration interacted with GA3 significantly to influence all characters of the variety. In addition, the growing season also interacted with clove type and GA3 to influence all categories of clove size, bulb diameter, average bulb weight, and total bulb yield. The three main factors (clove type × cold storage duration × GA3) interaction significantly influenced all characteristics of the variety. However, 30 days of cold-stored and topped cloves reduced dormancy period and days to maturity by 18.84 and 19.50 days, respectively, and increased total bulb yield by 70.32% as compared to the control treatment. In addition, this treatment combination significantly increased most of the growth and bulb yield components, while the number and weight of small-sized cloves were decreased. Hence, it can be concluded that 30 days of cold storage and topping of cloves without soaking under GA3 could be recommended to enhance early emergence, good vegetative growth, and total bulb yield of the garlic variety both under rain-fed and irrigated conditions.

Hydrogen Peroxide Imbibition Following Cold Stratification Promotes Seed Germination Rate and Uniformity in Peach cv. GF305

(1) Background: Peach cv. GF305 is commonly used in breeding programs due to its susceptibility to numerous viruses. In this study, we aimed to achieve a methodology for rapid and uniform seed germination of peach cv. GF305 in order to obtain vigorous seedlings; (2) Methods: A combination of cold stratification and H2O2 imbibition was tested on peach seeds with or without endocarp. In addition, the levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants ascorbate and glutathione as well as the hormone profile in seedling roots and shoots were determined; (3) Results: We found that H2O2 imbibition of peach seeds without endocarp after 8 weeks of stratification increased germination rate and resulted in seedlings displaying good vegetative growth. The H2O2 imbibition also affected the levels of ascorbate, glutathione, and the phytohormones abscisic acid and jasmonic acid in peach seedlings; (4) Conclusions: Although stratification periods of 12 weeks have been previously established as being appropriate for this cultivar, we have been able to reduce this stratification time by up to 4 weeks, which may have practical implication in peach nurseries.

Response of yam varieties to soil moisture regime in Southwestern Nigeria

A field experiment was conducted on varietal response of white yam to moisture regime in Abeokuta. The experiment comprised three varieties of yam (Efuru, Ise-osi and Oniyere), three mulching options (grass, polythene and unmulched), and two planting dates (early and late). Treatments were replicated three times using RCBD lay-out. Model for selecting planting date involved relating potential evapotranspiration (PE) to precipitation (P) in the form of 0.1PE<P < 0.5PE, partitioned for attaining optimal planting date into early {T1= Σ(P-0.1PE) ≤ 0} and late {T2 = Σ(P-0.5PE) ≤ 0}, respectively. For humid period defined by P> PE, the physiological parameters and moisture agro-climatic indices measured during phenological stages of yam grown were analyzed with respect to treatments. Result showed that T1 defined as Σ(P-0.1PE) ≤ 10 mm appeared as the best model that significantly (P < 0.05) influenced emergence rate, phenological growth and tuber yield. All yam varieties evaluated were suitable for planting with respect to yield. Efuru and Ise-osi synchronized perfectly with Actual Water Availability and produced good vegetative growth with LAI of 1.08 and 0.91 leading to higher tuber yield of 12 and 11.64 tonnes ha-1, respectively. Grass mulch had tuber yield, 4-6 tonnes ha-1greater than the polythene and unmulched plots in all varieties. Mulching significantly (P< 0.05) increased tuber yield, 6-8 tonnes ha-1than the unmulched. Conclusively, early planting with grass mulch increased tuber yield.

Growth and Bulb Yield of Garlic as Influenced by Clove Size.

Garlic is an important cash crop in many regions of Ethiopia. However, the yield of the crop is constrained by several factors. Among these, inappropriate clove size is one of the major agronomic practices that can decrease the yield of the crop. Hence, a field experiment was conducted during the 2020/21 main cropping season at Debre Berhan University, College of Agriculture and Natural Resource Sciences, demonstration and research site to evaluate the effect of clove size on growth and bulb yield of garlic (Allium sativum L.). The treatments consisted of five clove sizes: 1–1.49 g, 1.5–1.99 g, 2–2.50 g, 2.51–2.99 g, and 3–3.5 g. An improved variety “Tseday” was used as a planting material. The experiment was laid out as a randomized complete block design in a factorial arrangement and replicated for three times. The results revealed that clove size significantly influenced all growth and yield parameters of garlic. Planting of 3–3.5 g cloves reduced days to emergence by 11 and 6.33 days and days to maturity by 28.33 and 18.00 days, respectively, as compared to planting of 1–1.49 g and 2–2.5 g cloves. This treatment also increased total bulb yield by 25.88% and 15.58%, respectively, as compared to planting of 1–1.49 g and 2–2.5 g cloves. In addition, this treatment significantly increased most of the growth and bulb yield components. Hence, it can be concluded that planting of 3–3.5 g cloves could be recommended to enhance early emergence, good vegetative growth, and total bulb yield of garlic.

PENGARUH KONSENTRASI PUPUK NPK CAIR DAN JUMLAH RUAS STEK PUCUK TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN NILAM (Pogostemon cablin Benth)

The good quality patchouli plants, it takes patchouli cuttings that have good initial vegetative growth. The initial vegetative growth in plants is an important phase that supports the further growth of patchouli until the productive phase. To produce patchouli plants with good initial vegetative growth, fertilization is necessary to ensure the availability of nutrients needed in the metabolic process of patchouli plants. Patchouli plants require adequate amounts of nutrients, especially macro nutrients such as nitrogen and others which can be done by administering NPK with the right dose and frequency of administration. The results showed that (1) the treatment of patchouli cuttings (treatment B) had a very significant effect on the growth of patchouli at week 2,4,6,8,10 and 12 WAP. Meanwhile, the concentration of liquid NPK fertilizer (treatment A) had a very significant effect only at the age of 10 and 12 WAP for the number of leaves. (2) The treatment of the number of patchouli cuttings (treatment B) had a significant effect on the growth of patchouli at week 4 WAP, had a very significant effect at week 2,6,8 and 12 WAP. As for the treatment, the concentration of liquid NPK fertilizer (treatment A) had a significant effect on week 8 MST and had a very significant effect at week 10 and 12 MST for the number of shoots (3) There was an interaction between the two treatments, namely at the age of 10 and 12 MST while on the number of shoots only occurred at the age of 12 MST

Effectiveness of Bioinoculants Bacillus cereus and Trichoderma asperellum as Oil Palm Seedlings Growth Promoters

In the establishment of oil palm seedlings, apart from the application of adequate amount of fertilizers, other sustainable plant nutrient sources are known to have the potential in enhancing vegetative growth and improve plants’ resistance against pests and diseases. The application of plant growth promoters is known to contribute towards sustaining healthy plant growth leading to strong plant defense mechanisms. The present study was conducted to determine plant growth promotion potentials of bacterium, Bacillus cereus (UPM15) and fungus Trichoderma asperellum (UPM16). Isolates B. cereus and T. asperellum were assessed on their effectiveness as plant growth promoters for oil palm seedlings. Plant growth-promoting potentials were evaluated in terms of their ability to produce indole acetic acid (IAA), a naturally occurring plant hormone of the auxin class, iron-chelating compounds or siderophores, and phosphate solubilisation, considered to be one of the most important traits associated with plant phosphate nutrition. A series of treatments was applied to establish the potential of B. cereus and T. asperellum as microbial inoculants in singles and mixed applications in an in vivo nursery study. The ability to solubilize precipitated phosphate and to produce siderophores was positively demonstrated by T. asperellum. Both B. cereus and T. asperellum were capable of producing IAA. The results showed that the former significantly contributed towards growth enhancement of roots and the later in growth promotion of aerial parts of oil palm seedlings. Mixture of these isolates yielded good vegetative growth. The study revealed the benefits of microbial inoculants that extended beyond their capacity as biofertilizers.

Ameliorative effect of foliar application of calcium on vegetative growth and mineral contents of olive trees Kalmata and Manzanillo cultivars irrigated with saline water

BackgroundThis work was carried out through 2017 and 2018 seasons on tow olive cultivars (Kalmata and Manzanillo). Trees were 15 years old, grown in sandy soil, planted at 5 × 5 m apart, and irrigated with saline water through drip irrigation system. This investigation aimed to improve vegetative growth and its mineral contents of the tow olive cultivars. Trees were sprayed with calcium at 0.5% as calcium chloride (21% Ca) and chelated calcium.ResultsThe results revealed that there were significant differences with calcium source treatment regarding vegetative growth and leaf mineral contents.ConclusionsResults proved that olive trees sprayed at the end of December with 0.5% calcium as chelated calcium was the promising treatment for good vegetative growth and leaf mineral contents.

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN PUPUK HAYATI MIKORIZA DAN PUPUK KANDANG AYAM TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN KACANG PANJANG (Vigna sinensis L.) DI ULTISOL

[EFFECT OF MYCORRHIZAL BIOFERTILIZER AND CHICKEN MANURE ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF COWPEA (Vigna sinensis L.) IN ULTISOL]. This study aims to 1) obtain the interaction of mycorrhizal biofertilizers and chicken manure on cowpea in ultisol and 2) determine the best dose of mycorrhizal biofertilizers for the growth and yield of cowpea plants, also find the best dose of chicken manure on the growth and yield of string beans. The study was conducted in April 2019 at the experimental garden, Integrated Zone of the Faculty of Agriculture, UNIB, Kelurahan Kandang Limun, Muara Bangkahulu District, Bengkulu City. This study used a factorial Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with two factors and three replications. The first factor is the administration of a dose of mycorrhizal biofertilizer, i.e., 0 (without mycorrhizae), 2.5 g/plant, 5 g/plant, and 7.5 g/plant. The second factor is the provision of chicken manure doses of 5 tons/ha, 10 tons/ha, and 15 tons/ha. Each experimental unit consisted of 25 plants with some sample plots of 5 plants. There is an interaction between mycorrhizal fertilizer 5 g / plant with chicken manure 5 tons/ha, which gives the best results on variable weight pod pods equal to 1.55 kg/m2 and pod weight of 15.46 kg/ha. The application of mycorrhizal biological fertilizer at a dose of 5 g/plant has good vegetative growth compared to other mycorrhizal doses. It shows the highest results based on the average number of flowers/plants and the number of pods/plants. Doses of chicken manure up to a dose of 15 tons/ha do not significantly increase growth and yield of cowpea.

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ПРЕДВАРИТЕЛЬНОЙ ОЦЕНКИ РЕМОНТАНТНЫХ СОРТОВ МАЛИНЫ ДЛЯ ВЫРАЩИВАНИЯ В ПРИРОДНО-КЛИМАТИЧЕСКИХ УСЛОВИЯХ РЕСПУБЛИКИ КОМИ

The possibility of using remontant varieties adapted to the climate of the northern regions will allow solving the problem of overwintering raspberries, both in amateur and industrial plantings. Obtaining primary experimental data on the requirements for soil and climatic conditions, resistance to diseases and pests, growth characteristics and individual development in five remontant raspberry varieties is the first stage in the development of guidelines for the formation of remontant raspberry agrophytocenoses in the Komi Republic. The collection nursery of remontant forms of raspberries of the Institute of Agrobiotechnology of the Federal Research Center of the Komi Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences was founded in 2018 and is represented by 5 varieties: Ruby necklace; Firebird, Elegant, Orange miracle, Hercules (St.). The studies were carried out according to the provisions of the standard method of field experiment during the growing seasons of 2018-2019. Agrometeorological conditions in 2018 were favorable for raspberry plants, in contrast to 2019. The unfavorable balance of heat and humidity during the growing season of 2019 caused the end of the development of remontant raspberries at the stage of vegetative growth (Hercules variety) or the flowering phase (4 varieties). Variety Orange miracle in the conditions of the Komi Republic is more susceptible to the risks of developing mycoses and damage by shoot gall midge. In the standard variety Hercules, despite the good vegetative growth of shoots in both years, a massive transition of plants to the ripening of berries was not noted. According to the results of two years of research, the varieties Ruby Necklace and Elegant showed good results in the formation of a certain number of shoots, resistance to pests and diseases, and the general condition of plants at the end of flowering.

Effects of Physical, Mechanical and Hormonal Treatments of Seed-Tubers on Bud Dormancy and Plant Productivity

The aim of this study was to develop a technique easy to apply in order to induce seed-tuber dormancy breakage. Over a two-year study, more than seven dormancy-breaking treatments were tested through evaluating different temperature effects alone or combined with gibberellins application, cutting in half of seed-tubers, and early haulm killing. Three varieties per year were considered: Spunta and Monalisa (medium and long dormancy) in both years, Europa during the first year and Arinda during the second year (both characterized by a short dormancy period). We found firstly that Europa and Arinda promptly responded to thermal treatments, and secondly to the same thermal treatments in combination with the application of gibberellins. Although not easily applicable, especially when a large volume of seed-tubers has to be handled (seed-tuber producers), the cutting in half of the seed-tubers also had a satisfactory result. Notwithstanding that treatments did not perfectly overlap between the two experiments, results were qualitatively similar. Therefore, these findings allow us to conclude that treatment with post-harvest storage at 20 °C, followed by a treatment with gibberellic acid at 38 days from harvesting, is the most efficient in releasing dormancy, in ensuring a good vegetative growth and productive performance at field-level irrespective of the variety.

Pengaruh Pemangkasan Cabang dan Mikoriza terhadap Produksi dan Mutu Benih Mentimun (Cucumis Sativus L.)

The Effect of Branch Pruning and Mycorrhiza on Production and Seed Quality of Cucumis sativus L. The purpose of this study was to obtain the best branch pruning, with or without mycorrhiza application, in order to increase the production and quality of cucumber seeds. Pruning the branch at the beginning of cucumber growth is expected to delay fruit formation and support good vegetative growth. This research was carried out in the PT. Primasid Andalan Utama seed production area in Kalibeji Village, Tuntang District, Semarang Regency, Seed Technology Laboratory and Plant Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture and Business, Satya Wacana Christian University. This study was conducted by the split-plot randomized complete block design with 2 factors. The main plot consists of 2 levels, namely control/without mycorrhiza (M0) and mycorrhiza application (M1). Pruning the branches as the subplots consist of 4 levels, were pruning to the second, third, fourth and fifth branches of the cucumber plant (P1, P2, P3 and P4). DMRT was used to differentiate the significance of the treatment. The results showed that mycorrhiza application increased the percentage of root infections. The pruning to the fifth branch (P4) is the best; in control without mycorrhiza (M0P4) increased for the number of fruits, the seed weight per plant, and the germination simultaneously; whereas in mycorrhiza application (M1P4) increased the number of fruits and the seed weight per plant. It is also observed that the pruning to the second branch (P1) increased the weight of 1000 grains, the speed of germination and the simultaneous of germination; both with and without mycorrhiza application.

Resistance of Conilon coffee cultivar Vitoria Incaper 8142 to Meloidogyne paranaensis under field conditions

AbstractMeloidogyne paranaensis is responsible for considerable losses in coffee production. Because of the distribution of this species in the main Coffea arabica producing regions, there is a need for management practices to ensure the sustainability of coffee production. In this work, we evaluated the agronomic performance of resistant clones of the Conilon coffee cultivar Vitoria Incaper 8142 in areas infested by M. paranaensis in the west region of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Clones 2V, 3V, and 6V presented the lowest number of nematodes per gram of roots and were considered resistant to M. paranaensis. All other clones were considered tolerant to this nematode, and one had good vegetative growth but allowed nematode reproduction. Clones of Vitoria Incaper 8142 of C. canephora represent an alternative to coffee production in areas infested by M. paranaensis including areas traditionally cultivated with C. arabica.

Application of N2-Fixing Cyanobacteria Nostoc sp. SO-A31 to Hydroponically Grown Water Spinach (Ipomoea aquatic L.)

For this research, an application of cyanobacteria Nostoc sp. SO-A31 as a nitrogen source for the growth of water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica L.) was carried out using a modified Deep-Water Culture (DWC) hydroponic system, outdoors. A Hoagland medium was used for the growth medium, with the absence or presence of ammonium and nitrate as the nitrogen sources. A 0.7 g fresh weight biomass of 21-day-old Nostoc sp. SO-A31 was inoculated into the system. The four treatment media for this study were HA0 (Hoagland, ammonium free+inoculant), HN0 (Hoagland, nitrate free+inoculant), HA0N0 (Hoagland, ammonium free and nitrate free+inoculant), and HI (Hoagland with ammonium and nitrate +inoculant). AB-mix and complete Hoagland media were used as controls. The result showed that water spinach cultured on HA0 had good vegetative growth, as shown by the high yield of biomass, high number of leaves, high stem growth, and long roots. Inoculation of Nostoc sp. SO-A31 elongated the root of the water spinach plants in all treatments. The presence of Nostoc sp. SO-A31 in the complete Hoagland medium, though, caused chlorosis of the water spinach leaves. This study suggests that water spinach is a nitrate-dependent leafy vegetable.

SCREEN HOUSE ASSESSMENT OF NEEM-FORTIFIED CASSAVA PEEL POWDER FOR CONTROLLING NEMATODES AND YIELD IMPROVEMENT OF SUGARCANE (SACCHARUM OFFICINARUM)

Screen house trials for the assessment of Neem-fortified cassava peels for control of plant-parasitic nematodes and yield improvement of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) were conducted in Moor plantation, Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria. Cassava peel powder (CPP) solely and in combination with Neem Leaf Powder (NLP) or Neem Seed Powder (NSD) at 100gCPP/10 Litre soil, 90gCPP+30gNSP/10 Litre soil, 80gCPP+20gNSP/10 Litre soil, 70gCPP+30gNSP/10 Litre of soil, 90gCPP+10gNLP/10 Litre soil, 80gCPP+20gNLP/10 Litre soil, 70gCPP+30gNLP/10 Litre soil were incorporated into potted naturally infested soil in the screen house, at 14 d before planting. All treatments significantly (p<0.05) reduced plant-parasitic nematode population. Soil treatment with Cassava Peel Powder in combination with Neem Leaf Powder at 70gCPP+30gNLP/10 Litre of soil recorded the most effective control for soil and root nematodes associated with sugarcane in the two screen house trials. The soil amendment also supported the good vegetative growth and yield of sugarcane, which is an indication of its capability to improve soil fertility.

PROSPEK PENGEMBANGAN KACANG TANAH UNTUK MENUNJANG KETAHANAN PANGAN: (STUDI KASUS UJI VARIETAS DI DESA MAKAMENGGIT KABUPATEN SUMBA TIMUR – NTT)

To understand the prospect of groundnut development (Arachis hypogaea) for supporting food security in semi arid area, survey and experiment of groundnut varieties were undertaken in Makamenggit Village, East Sumba District, the East Nusa Tenggara Province. Aim of research was to understand natural resources (soil, climate and water) and production potency based on cased study of 6 (six) varieties of groundnut which was cultivated under manure treatment. The six groundnut varieties, i.e. Tupai, Komodo, Zebra, Gajah, Bogor variety and Makamenggit local variety were cultivated in vertisol soil type, organic manure of buffalo feces, irrigation manually from water river in dry season. Parameters of plant height, leave number, and leave cover each individual plant were observed every week, since 5 weeks until 12 weeks after planting. Survey indicated that agro-climate and hydrology of East Sumba was very potential to support groundnut development not only in the rainy season short period (3-4 months), but also in the dry season by utilization of the existence of waterresources (some river and ‘embung-embung’). Result of research showed that six varieties of groundnut had good vegetative growth. The Makamenggit local variety which showed vegetative growth so good performance was potential to promote as a national superior seed. It was obviously that organic manure could increase groundnut vegetative growth (and also reproductive yield) at the vertisol soil type. To develop groundnut cultivation in East Sumba area the utilization of organic manure, cultivation in dry season by irrigation of limited water and seed diversity need to be socialized continuously to the farmers.Keywords: natural resources, prospect, groundnut, food security, east Sumba.

Contribution of Latex Micro Diagnosis to Modern Management of Rubber Plantations: Case of Clones With Low or Slow Metabolism PB 217 and PR 107

The cultivated rubber clones are sensitive to latex harvesting regimes according to their laticiferous metabolism. Thus, in order to determine the best latex harvesting systems of clones with low or slow metabolism, six latex harvesting technologies are applied to them in a bulk statistical device from Fisher to four rehearsals. The rubber is tapped in downward half spiral stimulated or not for nine years after the opening of the tapping panel. The agronomic parameters (production, vegetative growth), the tapping panel dryness and those of the latex micro diagnosis were evaluated. The results indicate that these clones independently of the latex harvesting system have good rubber productivity (2310 kg.ha -1 .y-1 ) with good radial vegetative growth (2.9 cm.y -1 ). Their trees show a well-balanced physiological profile and an acceptable sensitivity to the tapping panel dryness (4.9%). However, the physiological index, the bark consumption and the sensitivity to the tapping panel dryness lead to retain the latex harvesting technologies "S/2 d3 6d/7 Pa1(1) ET2.5% 4/y, S/2 d4 6d/7 Pa1(1) ET2.5% 4/y and S/2 d4 6d/7 Pa1(1) ET2.5% 8/y” for the best. This index, favorably influencing the choice of technologies adapted to clones with active metabolism, contributes to the modern and efficient management of a rubber plantation.

Latex micro diagnosis, modern management tool of rubber plantations of clones with moderate metabolism GT 1, RRIC 100 and BPM 24

Objective : The cultivated rubber clones are sensitive to latex harvesting regimes according to their laticiferous metabolism. This study was done to determine the best latex harvesting system (s) of clones with moderate metabolism (GT 1, RRIC 100 and BPM 24). Methodology and Results : Six latex harvesting technologies were applied to these clones in a bulk statistical device from Fisher to four rehearsals. The rubber trees were tapped in downward half spiral stimulated or not, for nine years after the opening of the tapping panel. The agronomic parameters (latex production, vegetative growth), the tapping panel dryness and those of the latex micro diagnosis were evaluated. The results indicate that these clones independently of the latex harvesting system have good rubber productivity (2234 kg.ha -1 .y -1 ) with good radial vegetative growth (2.4 cm.y -1 ). Their trees showed a well-balanced physiological profile and an acceptable sensitivity to the tapping panel dryness (3.2 %). However, the physiological index, the bark consumption and the sensitivity to the tapping panel dryness lead to retain the latex harvesting technology S/2 d4 6d/7 Pa1 (1) ET2.5% 4/y” for the best. Conclusion and application of results : This index, favourably influencing the choice of technologies adapted to clones with active metabolism, contributes to the modern and efficient management of a rubber plantation. Key words : latex-harvesting technology, rubber clones, moderate metabolism, tapping panel dryness, physiological parameters