Good Samaritan Research Articles

Implementation and Evaluation of a Bystander Naloxone Training Course.

Bystander provision of naloxone is a key modality to reduce opioid overdose-related death. Naloxone training courses are available, but no standardized program exists. As part of a bystander empowerment course, we created and evaluated a brief naloxone training module. This was a retrospective evaluation of a naloxone training course, which was paired with Stop the Bleed training for hemorrhage control and was offered to administrative staff in an office building. Participants worked in an organization related to healthcare, but none were clinicians. The curriculum included the following topics: 1)background about the opioid epidemic; 2)how to recognize the signs of an opioid overdose; 3)actions not to take when encountering an overdose victim; 4)the correct steps to take when encountering an overdose victim; 5)an overview of naloxone products; and 6)Good Samaritan protection laws. The 20-minute didactic section was followed by a hands-on session with nasal naloxone kits and a simulation mannequin. The course was evaluated with the Opioid Overdose Knowledge (OOKS) and Opioid Overdose Attitudes (OOAS) scales for take-home naloxone training evaluation. We used the paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test to compare scores pre- and post-course. Twenty-eight participants completed the course. The OOKS, measuring objective knowledge about opioid overdose and naloxone, had improved scores from a median of 73.2% (interquartile range [IQR] 68.3%-79.9%) to 91.5% (IQR 85.4%-95.1%), P < 0.001. The three domains on the OOAS score also showed statistically significant results. Competency to manage an overdose improved on a five-point scale from a median of 2.5 (IQR 2.4-2.9) to a median of 3.7 (IQR 3.5-4.1), P < 0.001. Concerns about managing an overdose decreased (improved) from a median of 2.3 (IQR 1.9-2.6) to median 1.8 (IQR 1.5-2.1), P < 0.001. Readiness to intervene in an opioid overdose improved from a median of 4 (IQR 3.8-4.2) to a median of 4.2 (IQR 4-4.2), P < 0.001. A brief course designed to teach bystanders about opioid overdose and naloxone was feasible and effective. We encourage hospitals and other organizations to use and promulgate this model. Furthermore, we suggest the convening of a national consortium to achieve consensus on program content and delivery.

Factors influencing civil servants' willingness to implement cardiopulmonary resuscitation in Chongqing, China: Based on the theory of planned behavior

BackgroundTimely bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation is the key to improving the survival rate of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Civil servants are potential bystander CPR providers. This study aimed to explore civil servants' willingness to implement CPR in Chongqing, identify the influencing factors and mechanisms affecting civil servants' willingness to perform CPR, and then seek countermeasures to improve civil servants' willingness to implement CPR. MethodsWe introduced the theory of perceived risk into the theory of planned behavior, developed a 7-point Likert scale based on the extended theory of planned behavior, and conducted a questionnaire survey on civil servants in Chongqing, China. Descriptive statistical analysis and one-way ANOVA were employed to explore respondents' willingness and differences. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the relationship between attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control and perceived risk and respondents' willingness to implement CPR. ResultsA total of 1235 valid questionnaires were included for analysis. 50.1 % of respondents were willing to implement CPR. Male, over 40 years old, living with the elderly, having previous experience performing CPR on another person, and having higher CPR knowledge scores were associated with a more positive willingness to perform CPR. Attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control had significant positive effects on willingness, and the standardized regression coefficients were 0.164, 0.326 and 0.313, respectively. The perceived risk has a significant negative effect on willingness, and the standardized regression coefficient was −0.109. The four latent variables accounted for 44.2 % of the variance in the willingness of civil servants to implement CPR. ConclusionsThe willingness of civil servants in Chongqing to implement CPR needs to be improved, and the countermeasures to enhance the subjective norm and perceived behavioral control of civil servants should be emphasized, such as developing a social support network for rescuing conduct, establishing regular training mechanisms and improving the practical applicability and popularization of the Chinese-style "Good Samaritan Law" etc., to improve the willingness of civil servants in Chongqing to implement CPR.

Decolonizing the Gospel of Love in Africa

The violence of missionary agents on Africans contradicted the gospel of Christ’s redemptive love, which they preached. In response to the contemporary manifestations of the violence and dehumanization of “colonial love”, this article proposes the decolonization of the gospel of love, both as theological hermeneutic and a moral imperative in the African Church. In the parable of the Good Samaritan, Jesus commands us to recognize every human being as a neighbor. Within a colonial context, this means rejecting the dualistic logic of colonial love, its segregation, dehumanization, and violence.

Opioid Overdoses and Take-Home Naloxone Interventions: Ethnographic Evidence for Individual-Level Barriers to Treatment of Opioid Use Disorders in Rural Appalachia

Introduction: Research indicates that take-home naloxone (THN) is saving lives across rural Appalachia, but whether it also results in treatment for opioid use disorders (OUDs) remains unclear. This study involves a detailed qualitative analysis of interviews with 16 individuals who had overdosed on opioids 61 times to understand why a THN intervention does not routinely lead to OUD treatment. Methods: This study builds upon a one-year (2018) qualitative study on community responses to opioid overdose fatalities in four adjacent rural counties in Western Pennsylvania. Using a semi-structured interview guide, 16 individuals who had experienced one or more overdoses were interviewed. Using NVivo, the transcribed audio-recorded interviews were coded, and a thematic analysis of the coded text was conducted. Findings: Findings reveal that of the 29 overdoses that included a THN intervention, only eight resulted in treatment. The analysis derives five individual-level barriers to treatment: (1) opioid dependence, (2) denial/readiness, (3) opioid withdrawal fears, (4) incarceration concerns, and (5) stigma and shame. These barriers impeded treatment, even though all the interviewees knew of treatment programs, how to access them, and in some cases had undergone treatment previously. Discussion and Conclusion: findings indicate that there is evidence that the five barriers make entering treatment after a THN intervention challenging and seemingly insurmountable at times. Recommendations based on the findings include increasing efforts to reduce stigma of OUDs in the community, including self-stigma resulting from misusing opioids, increasing informational efforts about Good Samaritan Laws, and increasing familiarity with medication-assisted treatments for OUDS.

Bleeding Control Protections Within US Good Samaritan Laws.

In the United States, all 50 states and the District of Columbia have Good Samaritan Laws (GSLs). Designed to encourage bystanders to aid at the scene of an emergency, GSLs generally limit the risk of civil tort liability if the care is rendered in good faith. Nation-wide, a leading cause of preventable death is uncontrolled external hemorrhage. Public bleeding control initiatives aim to train the public to recognize life-threatening external bleeding, perform life-sustaining interventions (including direct pressure, tourniquet application, and wound packing), and to promote access to bleeding control equipment to ensure a rapid response from bystanders. This study sought to identify the GSLs in each state and the District of Columbia to identify what type of responder is covered by the law (eg, all laypersons, only trained individuals, or only licensed health care providers) and if bleeding control is explicitly included or excluded in their Good Samaritan coverage. Good Samaritan Laws providing civil liability qualified immunity were identified in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. One state, Oklahoma, specifically includes bleeding control in its GSLs. Six states - Connecticut, Illinois, Kansas, Kentucky, Michigan, and Missouri - have laws that define those covered under Good Samaritan immunity, generally limiting protection to individuals trained in a standard first aid or resuscitation course or health care clinicians. No state explicitly excludes bleeding control from their GSLs, and one state expressly includes it. Nation-wide across the United States, most states have broad bystander coverage within GSLs for emergency medical conditions of all types, including bleeding emergencies, and no state explicitly excludes bleeding control interventions. Some states restrict coverage to those health care personnel or bystanders who have completed a specific training program. Opportunity exists for additional research into those states whose GSLs may not be inclusive of bleeding control interventions.

The Physician in Flight: The Moral and Legal Responsibilities of Physicians When Present for In-Flight Medical Emergencies

A physician boards the plane and sits down. Does that physician face risk beyond a plane crash? If there is a medical emergency in-flight, does the physician face moral/ethical/legal risk by acts of commission or omission in relation to the medical emergency? That may depend on whether the flight is within the United States or is an international flight. This uncertainty prompts the question: Do we need broader coverage for physicians in-flight and would legislation similar to the on-the-ground Good Samaritan law protect physicians who are passengers on a plane?

“Good Samaritans” and Approaches of Resistance in the Cultural Revolution

Research on the Cultural Revolution focuses on agents of violence and their intentions, activities, and conflicts but pays little attention to resistance to the resulting aggression and oppression. I show that workers, rebels, Red Guards, and others served as “good Samaritans” who thwarted violence against “class enemies” and assuaged their suffering. I draw on studies of resistance and social interaction by James Scott, Michel de Certeau, Erving Goffman, and others. My analysis focuses on the first two years of the Cultural Revolution, when punishments were decentralized and haphazard. I describe four approaches of resistance—“confrontation,” “playacting,” “direct care,” and “deniable care”—based on the transparency of intention and visibility of the good Samaritan’s act. Such acts of resistance reoriented revolutionary justice from an assault on class enemies to their care and protection and served to contingently reknit social bonds as the Cultural Revolution ripped them apart.

“MOTIVATION” AND “GOD-IMAGE” OF INDONESIAN MIGRANT WORKERS IN HONG KONG

This paper explores the motivations and perceptions of God among Indonesian migrant workers in Hong Kong, focusing on their unique experiences and faith struggles. The study, guided by Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), is based on the narratives of five female migrant workers with 6-12 years of experience in Hong Kong. From our study, compassion is identified as a fundamental motivator for Indonesian migrant workers. The study finds that all respondents maintain a positive God-Image, perceiving God as their Helper, Caregiver, and source of strength. Their faith is identified as a core motivation for survival. The Good Samaritan (Luke 10:25-37) is employed to illustrate this approach. Finally, this paper tries to contribute to offering a unique perspective on the lives of Indonesian migrant workers in Hong Kong, emphasizing the critical roles of compassion, faith, and a positive God-image in their experiences, and promoting a fresh approach to addressing their struggles.

Unhiding the voices of women in the Parable of the Good Samaritan: A call for academic inclusion

The parables of Jesus are often susceptible to patriarchal, androcentric interpretations. By using a realistic reading and social-scientific criticism, this article will investigate the voices, roles, and presence of women in the parable of the Good Samaritan, and how the 1st-century audience of the parable would most likely have understood women to be present, even if not mentioned in the parable. Women played critical roles in terms of hospitality, travel, innkeeping, and healing. These roles and voices of women are often ignored by modern interpreters and exegetes. This article not only emphasises the valuable roles that women fulfilled in the time of Jesus but also critiques the lack, or absence, of women as a point of discussion, acknowledgement, and study in most biblical commentaries and books concerning the parable of the Good Samaritan. The aim of this research is to contribute to the unhiding of women voices in patriarchal, androcentric texts thereby reconstructing and deconstructing gender paradigms within biblical scholarship.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: The interdisciplinary nature of this article contributes to the debate on the roles and importance of women in the church by investigating the value that women had in the parables of Jesus. By reading women as present in the text, emphasis is given to the voices of women in the Bible and the importance of their representation today. This research is also in line with the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 5: Gender equality and women empowerment.

Aantekeninge: Afgeleide wyse van eiendomsverkryging op ’n onroerende saak gehou in mede-eiendom vereis steeds ’n saaklike ooreenkoms met álle mede-eienaars

Aantekeninge: Afgeleide wyse van eiendomsverkryging op ’n onroerende saak gehou in mede-eiendom vereis steeds ’n saaklike ooreenkoms met álle mede-eienaars

Does This Law Apply to Me? An Examination of States’ Good Samaritan Overdose Laws and a Policy Proposal for a Uniform Approach to Combatting the Opioid Epidemic

Does This Law Apply to Me? An Examination of States’ Good Samaritan Overdose Laws and a Policy Proposal for a Uniform Approach to Combatting the Opioid Epidemic

Development and Assessment of a Curriculum to Train Medical Students to Respond to Motor Vehicle Collisions in the Community

BACKGROUND: Healthcare providers may encounter opportunities to aid victims of motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) in the community as a bridge to pre-hospital care. Little is known about providers’ experience, comfort, and knowledge in responding to community MVCs. Our objective was to describe the development of a novel curriculum for educating providers on responding to community MVCs as part of a 6-session medical student elective course on community emergencies. METHODS: We performed a needs assessment through a survey sent to a multi-center convenience sample of physicians, resident trainees, and mid-level providers. We measured the frequency in which providers encountered MVCs as well as used a 5-Point Likert scale to assess their comfort responding, barriers to helping, and interest in learning more about assisting in MVCs. Free text responses about topics of interest were solicited and categorized into common themes. An educational session for medical students on responding to MVCs in the community was informed by the survey of healthcare providers. A pre- and post-course survey using a 5-Point Likert Scale was administered one month before and after the course to assess medical students’ comfort assisting in an MVC. RESULTS: There were 132 respondents to our needs assessment survey (122 MDs, 6 NPs, and 4 PAs). The most common specialties were general pediatrics (n=43, 33%), emergency medicine (n=25, 19%), and pediatric emergency medicine (n=24, 18%). Fifty-seven (43%) of the providers had the opportunity to assist in 1 or more MVCs, with 50 (89%) providing care at that time. Of providers with over 20 years in practice, 70% had the opportunity to aid in a community MVC (Figure 1). Forty-three (33%) of the providers stated they were “somewhat uncomfortable” or “very uncomfortable” assisting in an MVC. Eighty (62%) of the providers were “somewhat” or “very interested” in learning more about the topic. Provider respondents (n= 107, 81%) gave free text responses with most questions relating to preparedness, scene management, and sociolegal concerns such as liability. Eighty medical students participated in the elective course in community emergencies (53 first-years, 23 second-years, 3 third-years, and 1 fourth-year), which included a 75-minute session on responding to MVCs in the community comprised of a didactic, case presentations, and discussion. Based on the needs assessment, the session included content on Good Samaritan laws and liability, equipment preparedness, and specific aspects of on-scene management. Pre-course, medical students reported a median Likert Score of 2 (somewhat uncomfortable) for assisting in a community MVC, IQR (1,3). Post-course, the median Likert Score was 4 (somewhat comfortable), IQR (3,4). CONCLUSION: Health care providers are likely to have an opportunity to assist in community MVCs. Survey results informed learning needs for a medical student course that improved their comfort in responding to community MVCs. Future work will use survey content to inform a literature review article.

Making the private public: Regulating content moderation under Chinese law

With the expansion of digital economy, tackling illegal online content is an increasingly challenging task. China implemented a dual-track legal mechanism on content moderation, whereby it exempts general monitoring obligations of intermediaries under private law while imposing monitoring obligations under public law. In recent years, major platforms exercise much stronger control over flow of information, regardless of more serious consequences that impact the fundamental rights of users. Meanwhile, a series of Chinese court rulings have shown that these divergent attitudes towards monitoring obligations under public and private law have given rise to legal conflicts that may deprive intermediaries of their legitimate immunity, undermining the stability and efficiency of the safe harbor rule. Furthermore, the lack of adequate legal safeguards against the risk of abusing automatic content filtering technology might transform the internet into a digital panopticon. To redraw boundaries between monitoring obligations under private and public law, future Chinese legislation should not only provide clearer clarification on the scope of monitoring, but also include a provision prohibiting general monitoring obligations in private law. To provide legal predictability for affected parties and flexibility for future technological developments, a Good Samaritan clause should be introduced in Cybersecurity Law by learning from the substance of Article 7 of the DSA.

The digital divide: David vs. Goliath.

There is a global danger that hides in the shadows and is changing the way continuing care operators care for residents. Today, to provide that same historical level of resident care, a group of techno-soldiers are not just a nice-to-have, but are a must, to protect our critical Information Technology (IT) infrastructure. There is little doubt that technology has enabled us to provide better care. Electronic medical records, human resources information systems, and voice over internet communications systems have created great efficiencies in operations. However, global cybercriminals lurk in the same technologies that support us. Continuously attempting to rob our private information and hold us ransom, or play havoc with our IT systems impeding our provision of care. How can a continuing care operator, an already funding-challenged industry balance the costs of protecting their IT infrastructure against this growing massive threat? Compounding the issue, rising insurance expectations for continuing care operators to continuously enhance their IT safety controls against evolving cyberterrorism. This is the story of the Good Samaritan Society/Canada (Good Samaritan) digital transformation journey. Our digital roadmap sets Good Samaritan up to rise above the ongoing barrage of cyberattacks and loss of insurance. This is a digital divide story of David vs. Goliath.

Who is My Neighbour: Interfaith Dialogue and Theological Formation (Keynote Address)

“Who is my neighbour?” is a good question for both the Bible and today, but it is a complicated one. In this paper, I will focus on unpacking the idea of “love of neighbour,” first in its Levitical context, then in certain New Testament passages, and finally in contrast to its relationship with the concept of “stranger.” The term “neighbour” (רֵעַ) has multiple meanings in a Hebrew Bible context, and similarly, there are distinct meanings of “neighbour” within the New Testament – specifically between the gospels and the Pauline letters. I argue that the common understanding of the “Good Samaritan” passage, that Jesus promotes accepting everyone as neighbour, is incorrect; instead, I suggest that the literature demonstrates how a non-neighbour reveals how real neighbours should behave. The scope of the article is to demonstrate how discussions about “neighbour” and “stranger” can be used to segue into questions to dialogue between Christians and Jews.

Who Is My Neighbour? Reading the Good Samaritan in the Context of the Coup

Abstract The parable of the good Samaritan (Luke 10:25–37) is a classic paradigm of perception and blindness. The story reflects ideas of identity in the time of Jesus but also raises issues that are pressing in our world today and the tendency to divide humanity into categories. This parable challenges us to question this categorization, to step across the boundaries it draws. Drawing on firsthand experience of the coup and Covid, this article seeks to read the parable and explores how it challenges us to rethink our identity and role in the context of a serious political and humanitarian crisis. It also examines how some neighbouring nations’ failure to show their humanitarian aid toward the victims of the coup are analogous to the priest and Levite’s failure to help the victim beaten up by robbers. The article suggests that the good Samaritan’s neighbourly act of assisting the victim serves as a moral example for reconsidering the identity of the church and her cross-cultural act of healing, assisting, and advocating for the victims, prisoners, and refugees.

Pathways to racial disparities in the effects of Good Samaritan Laws: A mixed methods pilot study

BackgroundDrug overdose deaths continue to rise, and considerable racial inequities have emerged. Overdose Good Samaritan laws (GSLs) are intended to encourage overdose witnesses to seek emergency assistance. However, evidence of their effectiveness is mixed, and little is known regarding racial disparities in their implementation. This study examined GSL impact by assessing racial differences in awareness of and trust in New York state’s GSL. MethodsUsing a sequential mixed methods design, Black and white participants were recruited from an existing longitudinal cohort study of people who use illicit opioids in New York City to participate in a quantitative survey and qualitative interviews. Racially stratified survey responses were analyzed using chi-squared tests, Fisher exact tests, or t-tests. Qualitative interviews were analyzed using a hybrid inductive-deductive approach. ResultsParticipants (n=128) were 56% male and predominantly aged 50 years or older. Most met criteria for severe opioid use disorder (81%). Fifty-seven percent reported that the New York GSL makes them more likely to call 911 even though 42% reported not trusting law enforcement to abide by the GSL; neither differed by race. Black people were less likely to have heard of the GSL (36.1% vs 60%) and were less likely to have accurate information regarding its protections (40.4% vs 49.6%). ConclusionsThough GSLs may reduce negative impacts of the criminalization of people who use drugs, their implementation may exacerbate existing racial disparities. Resources should be directed towards harm reduction strategies that do not rely on trust in law enforcement.

The Bystander, the Good Samaritan and the Just in the Holocaust and international humanitarian law

Despite the thousands of pages written and words said about the Holocaust, I still am at a loss in trying to understand it. How a European people with a rich cultural tradition that produced some of the world's greatest composers, philosophers and poets could invent, enforce and docilely follow the first industrial genocide in human history remains, for me, an enigma. This essay focuses on the Jews, both numerically and ideologically the principal, but not the only, victims, the Roma being the other principal victims.

Review: The Real Ambassadors: Dave and Iola Brubeck and Louis Armstrong Challenge Segregation, by Keith Hatschek

Book Review| June 01 2023 Review: The Real Ambassadors: Dave and Iola Brubeck and Louis Armstrong Challenge Segregation, by Keith Hatschek Keith Hatschek. The Real Ambassadors: Dave and Iola Brubeck and Louis Armstrong Challenge Segregation. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2022. 298 pages. Pierangelo Castagneto Pierangelo Castagneto American University in Bulgaria Pierangelo Castagneto taught American History at the American University in Bulgaria. He has been an F. Ross Johnson-Connaught Distinguished Visitor at the University of Toronto, a Fulbright Scholar, and has worked at the Rockefeller Archive Center and at the Robert H. Smith International Center for Jefferson Studies. Among his publications: L’oceano dei suoni. Migrazioni, musica e razze nella formazione delle società euroatlantiche (2007); Old and New Republics: The Diplomatic Relations Between the Republic of Genoa and the US (2010); Hostilities against Malaria. The Rockefeller Foundation in Bulgaria (2013); Ambassador Dizzy: Jazz Diplomacy in the Cold War Era (2014). He is the editor of Frederick Douglass, L’età delle immagini (2020). Email: pcastagneto60@gmail.com Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Email: pcastagneto60@gmail.com Journal of Popular Music Studies (2023) 35 (2): 113–115. https://doi.org/10.1525/jpms.2023.35.2.113 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Pierangelo Castagneto; Review: The Real Ambassadors: Dave and Iola Brubeck and Louis Armstrong Challenge Segregation, by Keith Hatschek. Journal of Popular Music Studies 1 June 2023; 35 (2): 113–115. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/jpms.2023.35.2.113 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentJournal of Popular Music Studies Search In an oft-quoted Life magazine editorial published in February 1941, founder Henry R. Luce famously predicted the coming of the American Century while pressuring the United States to enter World War II in order to forsake the virus of isolationism and defend freedom and democracy from tyranny. He invited his country to envision a postwar future by embracing the logic of internationalism and being “the Good Samaritan of the entire world.” In order to transform the 20th century into the American Century, the United States could have surely relied upon its economic and military power. But according to Luce, the U.S. was already a world power without knowing it: “American jazz, Hollywood movies, American slang, American machines and patented products, are in fact the only things that every community in the world, from Zanzibar to Hamburg, recognizes in common.”1 A few years later, at the height of the... You do not currently have access to this content.

A discussion of critical errors in a longitudinal study on the deterrent effect of drug‐induced homicide laws on opioid‐related mortality across 92 counties and the District of Columbia in the United States

AbstractDrug overdose claimed more than 100,000 lives in the United States in 2021. Drug‐induced homicide (DIH) laws create specific criminal liability for individuals who provide drugs that cause or contribute to the death of another person. DIH prosecutions in the United States have increased substantially over the past decade despite the absence of meaningful evidence of their individual‐ or community‐level impacts. Recently, Lee et al. analyzed the impact of DIH laws on county‐level opioid overdose mortality across 92 counties in 10 states and concluded that DIH laws are associated with significant reductions in rates of opioid overdose death. In this commentary, we present evidence demonstrating that the Lee et al. study is fundamentally flawed. Specifically, the legal data used by Lee et al. to define their treatment condition (the presence or absence of a state‐level DIH law) is incorrect in almost every aspect. We also describe significant methodological weaknesses, including flawed sampling strategies that resulted in a biased sample of county overdose rates as well as flawed modeling strategies that cannot effectively evaluate the hypothesis that DIH laws negatively impact opioid overdose mortality. More research on the individual‐ and community‐level impacts of DIH laws is needed. In the meantime, we advise policymakers to strengthen state 911 Good Samaritan laws, as DIH laws appear to erode the efficacy of this proven overdose‐prevention strategy.