Good Questions Research Articles

Empirical Analysis of Physics Test Instruments to Measure Graphical Representation Abilities in “Temperature and Heat” Topics

This study focused on developing physics test instruments for senior high school students on the topics of temperature and heat. The study aimed to determine (i) the quality of the test instrument content, (ii) the feasibility of the test instrument, and (iii) students’ graphic representation abilities on “Temperature and Heat” topics. The test instrument development went through three stages, namely test design, testing, and test assembly. The test instrument was tested in the Science Class XII of the Public Senior High School 5 Yogyakarta with a total of 195 students as research subjects. The item analyzes in this study included analysis of model validity, reliability, level of difficulty, and level of students’ ability. The research results showed that the test instrument for the graphical representation of “Temperature and Heat” topics had good content quality but still needed to be improved. The feasibility of the graphic representation test instrument showed that there were seven items that were declared valid and reliable even though the items tested did not conform to the Raschmodel. However, these seven items were still suitable for use on a wide scale to measure graphical representations of “Temperature and Heat” topics. Finally, in the analysis of students’ abilities regarding graphical representation individually, the largest percentage was in the low category, while, overall, the students’ abilities level was classified as medium. Thus, it was necessary to improve question items that involve graphical representation that meet the criteria for good, valid, and reliable question items, and can improve students’ graphic representation abilities.

China’s Perspectives on the Modern Educational Value of Critical Information Literacy

Critical information literacy is a new and important direction of information literacy education for university students in the new media era. By comparing critical information literacy between China and the West, combining with the research on information literacy education in China in the past 20 years, and based on the three major relationships that Chinese philosophy is concerned about that people need to face in the world of life, i.e., the individual and the self, the individual and nature, and the individual and the society, this paper defines critical information literacy as that individuals, as information subjects, discover, select, confirm, and evaluate the information they are exposed to by obtaining and discriminating the content elements of the information world (information sources, information, and information assets) and using critical thinking skills and methods, creatively interpret or solve the relevant problems arising from the interaction between individuals and self, individuals and nature, individuals and society, and form the literacy that represents the knowledge, ability, attitude, habit, and level of the information subject through continuous reflection and practice. In order for human beings to better understand the world and construct it responsibly, critical information literacy can play a greater role and educational value. It not only helps contemporary college students build knowledge of “good questioning” and enhance their “reasoning” skills, but also encourages them to maintain a “firm standpoint,” cultivate a habit of “healthy skepticism,” and enhance their “decision-making” skills.

Open-mindedness and phenomenological psychopathology: an intellectual virtue account of phenomenology and three educational recommendations

ABSTRACT In his account of phenomenological psychopathology, Karl Jaspers advocates for the central role of subjective experience, something which he maintains cannot be accessed through intellectual effort, but through “empathic understanding” alone. In contradistinction to Jaspers’ account, I propose that phenomenology, as a process of inquiry and investigation, is fundamentally epistemological. Accordingly, I offer an intellectual virtue characterization of phenomenological psychopathology, using open-mindedness to illustrate the close conceptual links between the phenomenological endeavor and the intellectual virtues. By introducing the intellectual virtue lexicon into the phenomenological psychopathology discourse, I then offer three preliminary recommendations for the training and education of phenomenological clinicians. Centering the educational recommendations on the psychiatric interview, I suggest that good questioning, listening, and reflecting necessarily require cultivation for intellectually virtuous phenomenological inquiry.

Pengembangan Instrumen Tes Literasi Numerasi Berbasis Etnomatematika untuk Siswa SMP Negeri 2 Jambi

Numeracy literacy skills are the most important part of the abilities that every student must have. The limited number of numeracy literacy instruments at SMP Negeri 2 Jambi is one of the factors causing less than optimal mathematics learning. Students are still lacking in understanding questions, formulating, identifying and interpreting mathematical problems properly and correctly. To train these abilities, an ethnomathematics-based numeracy literacy test instrument is needed. This research aims to describe the process of developing an ethnomathematics-based numeracy literacy test instrument and determine the validity index of the ethnomathematics-based numeracy literacy test instrument. This research is development research that adapts the Plomp model which consists of initial assessment stage, design stage, realization/construction stage, and test, evaluation and revision stage. Data collection techniques in this research are field note techniques, questionnaire techniques, validation techniques and test techniques with research instruments in the form of field note sheets, questionnaire sheets, validation sheets and test questions. Data analysis uses Aiken's formula and empirical validity uses product moment correlation. The results of this research show that at the design stage, there was a difference of opinion between the two validators regarding the grid, there was one indicator question that was not in accordance with basic competencies. These differences are then analyzed and revised according to input and suggestions from the validator. The researcher improved the question grid as well as the test questions, resulting in good question items, and the results of content validation by 4 expert validators calculated using the Aiken's formula obtained a validity value of 0.785. These results indicate that the ethnomathematics-based numeracy literacy test instrument is declared valid from three aspects, namely; materials, constructs and language.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE FACTUAL, CONCEPTUAL AND PROSEDURAL QUESTIONS ON THE MOVING MATERIALS OF CLASS VIII SMP

The students' knowledge of Physics Science material, especially in the subject of the motion of objects, is still below the expected KKM standard. Motion material is the basis or prerequisite for understanding further science material related to object motion material in class VIII to class IX. So far, there has never been an assessment related to the abilities of students' knowledge dimensions. This research focuses on assessing faktual, konseptual and prosedural knowledge according to the IC issued by the Ministry of Education and Culture. This type of research is development research using the ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) development model. The purpose of this research is to describe the process of developing factual, conceptual and prosedural knowledge questions and to find out the dimensions of students' knowledge on the material motion of objects. The data obtained in this research is in the form of qualitative and quantitative data. Empirical validity analysis of 14 multiple-choice items and essays yielded the characteristics of the questions consisting of validity of 13 (92.8%) valid items, reliability of items with Cronbach's alpha 0.630 on 8 multiple-choice items and Cronbach's alpha 0.638 on 5 essay items greater than the r table value of 0.6, the level of difficulty is 64,3% items with moderate criteria, the discriminating power is 28,57% very good, 28,57% good questions, and 28,57% sufficient.

Durable Benefits of Learning-by-Teaching for Research Question Generation Performance: A Field Experiment

Generating good questions is central to scientific inquiry. How can we improve this skill in classrooms? This field experiment showed that teaching others enhances students’ ability to generate higher-order research questions that create new knowledge. Whereas learning-by-teaching often involves delivering face-to-face or video-recorded lectures, we tested its efficient implementation via writing a verbatim (i.e., word-for-word) teaching script, exactly as how one would orate a lecture. In a research and statistical methods course, 199 undergraduates studied statistical concepts by writing verbatim teaching scripts or study notes. One month later, students’ long-term learning was assessed on a high-stakes test, whereby they explained the concepts, applied them to design a study to test a given hypothesis, and generated create-level research questions about the concepts. Writing teaching scripts enhanced students’ research question generation and concept application more than writing study notes. The teaching advantage for these higher-order outcomes held although both techniques produced comparably high basic understanding when students explained the concepts at test. Further, students displayed greater generative processing, metacognitive monitoring, and social presence when writing teaching scripts than study notes. Learning-by-teaching can be leveraged in an efficient and inexpensive way via writing verbatim teaching scripts to improve meaningful, durable learning in classrooms.

Designing interview questions to find the right candidate.

Asking the right questions during a job interview helps you find the best person for your team. A well-crafted question will allow the applicants to shed light on their skills and their passion for science. Just as importantly, good interview questions can let you know about the applicants' support expectations and needs, and their approach to lab citizenship and research culture. Here we crowd-sourced the #ImmunologyFutures community for their go-to job interview questions, to help you find the right candidate for your position.

Examining What and How Secondary Science Preservice Teachers Learn from Using a Suite of Online Simulations

ABSTRACT Preservice teachers (PSTs) need to be able to use ambitious teaching practices to help support their students’ productive engagement in scientific practices such as analyzing and interpreting data or using evidence-based reasoning to support their claims. Approximations of practice are one way in which teacher educators can support their PSTs to develop their skills in enacting ambitious teaching practices. In this study, we report on the use of a suite of three online, simulated approximations of practice where secondary PSTs practiced facilitating discussions focused on engaging students in argumentation. Using information from both PSTs’ and teacher educators’ perspectives, we examined their main takeaways from each simulation experience, how learning from one simulation was used to prepare for the next simulation, PSTs’ perception of the simulations’ authenticity, and their views about whether they would recommend using this online suite of simulations in future teacher preparation courses. Findings suggested that teacher educators and PSTs alike noted a variety of main takeaways, including understanding the importance of planning and asking good questions. Furthermore, they recommended the suite for use in future teacher education courses. Implications of the work for productively integrating online simulations into teacher education settings are discussed.

Limitations to optimal search in naturalistic active learning.

Optimality in active learning is under intense debate in numerous disciplines. We introduce a new empirical paradigm for studying naturalistic active learning, as well as new computational tools for jointly modeling algorithmic and rational theories of information search. Participants in our task can ask questions and learn about hundreds of everyday items but must retrieve queried items from memory. To maximize information gain, participants need to retrieve sequences of dissimilar items. In eight experiments (N = 795), we find that participants are unable to do this. Instead, associative memory mechanisms lead to the successive retrieval of similar items, an established memory effect known as semantic congruence. The extent of semantic congruence (and thus suboptimality in question asking) is unaffected by task instructions and incentives, though participants can identify efficient query sequences when given a choice between query sequences. Overall, our results indicate that participants can distinguish between optimal and suboptimal search if explicitly asked to do so, but have difficulty implementing optimal search from memory. We conclude that associative memory processes may place critical restrictions on people's ability to ask good questions in naturalistic active learning tasks. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Settling Into a New Job: Asking Good Questions and Building Relationships.

Settling Into a New Job: Asking Good Questions and Building Relationships.

Student Teachers’ Perceptions and Application of Questionnaire Survey in an EFL Context

Although questionnaire surveys are widely applied in second-language research, there is still little research on the application of questionnaire among early career researchers. Problems such as the lack of details concerning why the questionnaire survey is adopted, how the questionnaire is constructed, and how the survey is administered and reported are prevalent in student teachers’ research proposals or theses, which greatly impairs the quality of their academic work. However, few studies have been conducted to address these problems. This study aims to explore the real situation of the questionnaire survey application by examining student teachers’ perceptions of a questionnaire survey and their application of this research method to their theses. Using a mixed-method approach, the study collected quantitative and qualitative data from 138 student teachers, including 103 fresh undergraduates and 35 post-graduates. Quantitative data analysis used descriptive statistics, while qualitative data analysis used semi-structured interviews and content analysis. The study found that: (1) student teachers had some basic but unsystematic perceptions of the questionnaire survey. They had insufficient awareness of the rules of writing good questions, piloting questionnaires, sampling strategies, doing reliability, and validity analysis, etc. (2) Most student teachers developed questionnaires based on existing questionnaires without explaining reasons and adjustments. They introduced questionnaire design in their theses in an incomplete way, with piloting, selecting sample strategies, and statistical analysis methods often missing. Thus, some pedagogical implications can be drawn to improve student teachers’ awareness and competencies of the questionnaire survey.

Preference on Renewal Energy by Operators of Tourist Standard Hotels in Kathmandu, Nepal

Although renewable energy sources are viable alternatives, their uptake by hotel owners is still uneven and frequently constrained. Preference mostly depends on the availability and cost of the renewal energy. This articles aimed to study; firstly, the operator’s preference, renewal energy pattern, renewable energy of tourist standard hotels in Kathmandu, Nepal; secondly, to find the barriers in using renewable energy ; third, to find out the expectation in policy reformation from the government to increase the use of renewal energy in the hotels. Data collected from 30 hotels through a convenience sampling method showed that preference for renewal energy is 80% for Electricity and 2% only for solar energy. Hotel operators agreed that using renewal energy in the hotel will save their time and cost, and expected the concessional rate as well as subsidy from the government on renewal energy with expectaton of policy reforms. All hotel operators mentioned that renewal energy like hydropower electricity was easily available and there were less barriers in use of renewal energy being in Capital City. However, barriers depends on the affordability, availability, geographical location also.Result may differ in different location. Only 2% preference for solar energy is good future research questions.

What Makes ‘Healthful Food’ vs. A ‘Food Healthful’: Using AI to Coach People to Ask Good Questions

What Makes ‘Healthful Food’ vs. A ‘Food Healthful’: Using AI to Coach People to Ask Good Questions

An Analysis of Test Items of English Subject at Eighth Grade of SMP Muhammadiyah Pasir Pengaraian

This research is aimed at describing the quality of the English tests and the index of difficulty. This research was conducted because of the researcher found several problems faced by eighth students grade of SMP Muhammadiyah Pasir Pengaraian when submitted the examination result. These problems were most of students had limited vocabularies so they could not answer the question of the test, they could not understand the question because it did not have clear. Based on the problems above this research is aimed at describe the quality of test that used in final examination. This research is descriptive quantitative research. The population of the research were all of the eighth grade students at SMP Muhammadiyah Pasir Pengaraian. They were 84 students as the sample of the research. The instrument of the research were documentation in the form of the sheet of the students’ test and it was analyzed by using Ms. Excel. Based on the result of the research, there were 30 questions answered by the students. According to the categories of the questions as follows; 34 students they were belong to easy test (40%), 25 students answered difficult test, they were belong to difficult test (30%) and 42 students answered moderate test. They were belong to moderate test(50%). The kinds of test were matching word, arranging the statement, essay and multiple choice items. English test were included in moderate tests. The tests were good but there were some unclear instructions so that most of students could not answer. It can be concluded that arrangement of the question were good, but the form of the questions have did not clear instructions, so most of the students did not understand the questions because of the meaning of the vocabulary most of them did not know. Therefore the teacher must have the knowledge to make good quality questions so that students can answer the questions.

A PERMANÊNCIA DOS ESTUDANTES INDÍGENAS NA UNIVERSIDADE: O QUE FAZ A PSICOLOGIA?

ABSTRACT The research aimed to understand the work carried out by psychologists in order to guarantee that indigenous students stay at the university. Six psychologists with connections to public universities located in the South, Southeast, and Mid-West regions of Brazil were interviewed. The interviews were carried out individually via Google Meet and followed a previously established script, which was recorded and then transcribed. After transcribing and reading the interviews, we listed the following topics for discussion: 1 - actions developed; 2 - difficulties and challenges; 3 - strategies and recommendations. Among the main actions developed are the psychologists’ participation in committees with the objective to guarantee that students stay at the university, actions with the academic community, and specific actions with indigenous students themselves, whether individual or in group. Thus, the work challenges are those related to bonding - the formation and the risk that the emotional bond becomes a relation of dependence -, the challenges of temporality and understanding the role of Psychology. We conclude that Psychology can contribute to the permanence of indigenous students at universities. To achieve this, it is not necessary to abandon inefficient theories and techniques. Listening and asking good questions are fundamental resources that must be combined with other forms of knowledge.

Cognitive Test Instruments to Measure Student Mathematics Ability in Elementary School: Rasch Analysis

The purpose of this study was to describe the quality of cognitive instruments to measure students' ability in mathematics at the elementary school level. Quantitative type research to validate the mathematical test instrument on fractional arithmetic operations material which has 22 items. The purposive sampling technique was obtained by respondents totaling 65 students from 3 elementary schools in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The Rasch Model analysis reveals that item validity corresponds to the MNSQ outfit (0.59 to 1.57), ZSTD outfit (-1.04 to 1.65), and Pt Measure Corr. (0.50 to 0.70) are met. The reliability of the instrument was fulfilled based on the aspects of person reliability (0.83; 2.23), item reliability (0.82; 2.15), and CA (0.93). There are two questions with high difficulty Q7 (δ = 1.42) and Q12 (δ = 1.09), 17 questions in the medium category, two questions in the easy category, namely Q22 (δ = -1.20) and Q8 (δ = -1.72), and one question very easy category, namely Q12 (δ = -2.14). The DIF analysis showed that all items did not contain a gender bias (ρ = 0.057-1.00), so there was no difference in the level of difficulty between men and women working on cognitive test questions. Cognitive test instruments are prepared according to national competency standards for grade five elementary school material levels that can be used as good quality question banks.

Analisis Soal Cerita Matematika pada Materi Bangun Datar Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar

This research aims to determine the quality of mathematics story questions in grade IV elementary school flat figures and find out how to prepare good mathematics story questions in grade IV elementary school. The method used in this research is a case study. The books analyzed in this research are "Happy Learning Mathematics" by Hobri, Susanto, Mohammad Syaifuddin, Dhika Elvira Maylistiyana, Hosnan, Anggraeny Endah Cahyanti, and Khoirotul Alfi Syahrinawati, the book "I'm Smart in Mathematics" by Zulkifli and Gito Suherman, the book "Mathematics for Elementary School/Madrasah Ibtidiyah Class IV" by Nanang Priatna and the book "Mathematics for Elementary/MI Class IV by Atmini Dhoruri. The results of this research are that the quality of the story questions in grade IV elementary school material is seen from the material aspect, the questions are in accordance with the criteria. Meanwhile, if seen from the construction aspect, the questions do not meet the criteria, because the questions analyzed do not contain scoring guidelines. Judging from the language aspect, the questions are in accordance with the criteria, Larena has used Indonesian which is in accordance with EYD. Writing good and correct questions must fulfill the three rules for writing descriptive questions, namely paying attention to aspects of material, construction and language.. 
 
 Keywords: math essay questions, two-dimentional figure, grade IV Elementary School.

The Development of Four-tier Diagnostic Test for Identifying Misconception in Chemical Equilibrium of Students Pharmacy Vocational School

Chemical equilibrium material includes abstract concepts, mathematical calculations, and involves macroscopic, microscopic and symbolic representations. The characteristic of the chemical equilibrium have the potential to cause students to have difficulty understanding the material which can lead to misconceptions. One of the test instruments that is expected to be effective in identifying misconceptions in student is a Four-Tier Diagnostic Test.
 This study aimed to develope a Four-tier Diagnostic Test Instrumen that can identifity misconceptions of chemical equilibrium in student’s pharmacy vocational school, know the quality of the developed diagnostic test items and find out informations about the analysis results of the diagnostic test.
 This study was a development research by Borg & Gall, 4D (defining, designing, developing, disseminating) with content validation by three validators. The participants of main field testing were 60 grade XI students of pharmacy vocational school. Data collections is to provide four-tier diagnostic test in the form multiple choice with CRI (Certainty of Response Index), obeservation, interview and questionnaire. It used descriptive quantitative and qualitative.
 The result of is that the four-tier multiple choice diagnostic test instrument developed was declared to be feasible and met the criteria as a good problem with averege validity of 3,77 and reability of the best 0,80 included in the high category, discriminating power of the items composed 8 good questions and 12 enough questions and the difficulty test items composed 18 good questions and 2 difficult questions. There are many misconceptiond from chemical equilibrium developed.
 This research only developed Four-tier diagnostic test in the conigtive. The next researcher can be combine in the cognitive and afektif. Four-tier diagnostic test is able to identifity misconseptions of chemical equilibrium.

Research on making interview questions among Vietnamese students: difficulties, reflection and solutions – a perspective of learning by doing

ABSTRACT The article identifies students’ difficulties in making interview questions, their solutions and reflection on a good interview question. This firstly aims at enhancing our knowledge of doing interviews for research purposes, and secondly evaluates the effectiveness of a learning-by-doing based intervention on students’ critical thinking and knowledge formation. The study applied a survey to collect data. Then qualitative content analysis with the use of Atlas.ti (v.9 for Windows) was employed to analyze data. In terms of the students’ difficulties, a majority of students found it hard to convey exactly their ideas and make relevant questions to the topic. They also found it challenging to make questions with appropriate difficulty levels for the public audience. To solve the problems, the students mostly did self-investigation and asked for opinions and guidance from peers and teachers, which helped them create their zone of proximal development. Regarding the characteristics of a good question, most students concluded that its content with appropriate difficulty level and its coherence make it accessible for interviewees, while some students also required the language to be concise, polite and not academic. Students’ reflection shows that the intervention helps them form their knowledge of interview questions and hone their critical thinking.

Analisis butir dan level kognitif pada soal penilaian tengah semester gasal mata pelajaran bahasa indonesia kelas iv sekolah dasar

<p><strong><em>Abstract.</em></strong><em> This study aims to determine the validity, reliability, difficulty index, discriminator index, distractor efficiency, and distribution of cognitive levels in the odd mid-semester assessment items for the Indonesian language class IV SDN Bratan 1 in the 2022/2023 academic year. This study uses a quantitative approach to descriptive methods with documentation study data collection techniques. Based on the study results, it was concluded that the question documents analyzed had a content validity level of 0.8333 – 1. Based on item validity, the results obtained were 35% valid and 65% invalid. Based on reliability, the question has a reliability of 0.55. Based on the difficulty index, the results obtained were 65% easy, 35% moderate, and no difficult questions. Based on the discriminatory index, the results obtained were 5% of bad items, 30% of bad, sufficient, and good items respectively, and 5% of very good items. Based on the distractor efficiency, there are 15% very bad questions, 20% bad questions, 30% of bad and good questions, and 5% very good questions. Based on the cognitive level, there are 100% LOTS questions and no HOTS question.</em></p>