Good Parenting Research Articles

POLA ASUH IBU DALAM MENDUKUNG STATUS GIZI BAIK ANAK

The nutritional status of toddlers is the most important factor that must be considered because toddlerhood is the golden period of development. At the age of toddlers a child's growth is very rapid so that it requires nutritional intake according to its needs, in addition to nutritional intake during toddler growth it also requires good parenting from both parents and family, so that toddler growth and development will be more optimal. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between maternal parenting and the nutritional status of toddlers at the Kertosari Health Center in 2021.This study used a correlation design, with a total sampling technique. The number of samples is 48 respondents used in the study. Data was collected using a mother's parenting questionnaire sheet & KMS Observation Sheet.This study showed that most of the respondents had good parenting styles for 27 out of 48 respondents (56.2%) and normal nutritional status for 19 out of 48 respondents (60.4%). Statistical analysis using the Spearman rank test obtained an alpha value of 0.01% meaning 0.01 > 0.084. So there is no significant relationship between Mother's Parenting Style and the Nutritional Status of Toddlers in 2021.Most of the respondents in this study had good parenting styles with normal nutritional status supported by productive age of the mother so that mothers can seek information through social media and have sufficient income to support family needs and nutritional intake for toddlers. In addition, mothers with not busy work status will be able to pay more attention to the growth and development of their toddlers than mothers who don't have much time for their toddlers.

Potential Points of Intervention to Minimize the Impact of Parents' Adverse Childhood Experiences on Child Mental Health.

Children of parents who experienced adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are at elevated risk for mental health (MH) issues. The goal of this study was to explore the relationships between parent ACEs and child MH and to identify potential mediators and points of psychosocial intervention. Participants were 1307 children aged 5 to 9 years from diverse backgrounds and their primary caregivers. Using cross-sectional questionnaire data, we used structural equation modeling to examine the research questions. Parent ACEs were directly related to child MH issues (β = 0.189, p < 0.001). This relationship was fully mediated by parent MH (β = 0.374, p < 0.001; β = 0.246, p < 0.001) and positive parenting behaviors (β = -0.237, p < 0.001; β = -0.556, p < 0.001). High parent ACEs were negatively associated with parent MH (β = 0.374, p < 0.001), which was then negatively associated with parenting behaviors (β = -0.500, p < 0.001), which was then negatively associated with child MH (β = -0.600, p < 0.001). Parent MH maintained a significant, though attenuated, direct relationship with child MH (β = 0.102, p < 0.05). Parents with high ACEs but who have good mental health and positive parenting behaviors demonstrated no impact of their ACEs on their children's mental health. Providing MH care to parents and parenting programs may be strategies for improving children's MH. Parenting behavior assessment is recommended for clinicians when pediatric patients present with MH concerns.

Pendekatan Fenomenologi tentang Pola Asuh Ibu Balita Stunting

The high prevalence of stunting is caused by poor parenting. Data from the Health Profile of Bengkulu Province in 2019 showed that as many as 700 toddlers experienced stunting in Seluma Regency, and as many as 35 cases of toddlers experienced stunting in the working area of the Babatan Health Center. This study aims to obtain an overview of the parenting pattern of stunting in Air Petai Village, Sukaraja District, Seluma Regency. This study uses a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. Sources of data were obtained through in-depth interviews, observation, and document review. The informants of this study consisted of the main informants, namely 6 mothers with stunting toddlers, and 2 supporting informants, namely the Posyandu Cadre in Air Petai Village and nutrition practitioners (TPG) at the Babatan Health Center. The results showed that early initiation of breastfeeding was not applied to all toddlers. Some informants do not breastfeed until the child is 2 years old. The informant thought that if breast milk was given until the age of 2 years, it would be difficult to do weaning. Some informants often forget to wash their hands before feeding their children because they are busy taking care of the household. Health workers and Posyandu cadres hoped can carry out health promotions to mothers in Air Petai Village regarding good parenting, especially to pregnant and lactating women.

Concerns experienced by parents of children treated for cancer: A qualitative study to inform adaptations to an internet-administered, low-intensity cognitive behavioral therapy intervention.

Childhood cancer treatment completion is associated with mental health difficulties and negative socioeconomic consequences for parents. However, psychological support needs are often unmet. We developed an internet-administered, guided, low-intensity cognitive behavioral therapy-based self-help intervention (EJDeR) and examined feasibility and acceptability with a single-arm feasibility trial (ENGAGE). Results suggest EJDeR is acceptable, however, adherence, especially for fathers, could be improved. Following the Medical Research Council complex interventions framework, this study explores concerns experienced by parents actively seeking support related to their child's cancer who were recruited into ENGAGE to inform further adaptation of EJDeR. Seventy-three semi-structured interviews (26 fathers, 47 mothers) were conducted, with data analyzed using manifest content analysis. Analysis resulted in seven categories: (1) Feeling lost and lonely in life; (2) Low mood; (3) Parenting difficulties; (4) Productivity difficulties; (5) Relationship challenges; (6) Stress reactions; and (7) Worry. With the exception of subcategories Afraid of not being a good parent, Cancer recurrence, and Child's development and future a somewhat higher percentage of mothers than fathers mentioned all identified concerns. Parents described experiencing a range of concerns after their child had completed cancer treatment. EJDeR will be adapted to address these concerns and include indirect intervention modules targeting concerns such as stress. Information to support parenting, relationships, finance, and employment difficulties, alongside signposting to inform help-seeking, will be included. Findings also suggest a need to improve the gender-sensitivity of EJDeR.

Parenting Patterns in Families Prone to Radicalism: A Case Study of The Ex-Laskar Jihad Salafi Family

Parenting is a fundamental tool for the future development of children. Every parent is expected to be able to apply good parenting to their children. However, in reality, not all parents can carry out good parenting. The topic of study about parenting is still an interesting study to date. In this study, researchers examined parenting styles in families prone to radicalism in case studies of Salafi families who were ex-Laskar Jihad. This article examines parenting styles in these families and the factors that influence them. The method in this research is qualitative with a descriptive-analytic model. The research approach is a case study. The study results show that the parents in the family adopt different parenting styles for each child based on their characteristics. For the first child, parents tend to apply authoritarian parenting. For children second to seventh, parents use a democratic-permissive parenting style. As for the last two children, the parents adopted a permissive-authoritarian parenting style. As for religious indoctrination, parents are very authoritarian. The point is to instill religious understanding following what parents want. This research contributes to the importance of parenting in the family, especially in preventing radicalism through an Islamic education approach.

Intensive parenting and elective bilingualism English/Spanish in Spanish monolingual families: From language ideologies to practice

In our globalised economy, English proficiency is currently a priority for Spanish families, as it is fundamental for ensuring their children’s future economic and personal welfare. As a sign of good parenting, families are increasingly acting as linguistic entrepreneurs and adopting family language policies oriented to provide their children with the best methodologies to enhance English learning, thereby investing their personal and financial capital in extracurricular classes, local English camps, and stays abroad. In searching for more natural learning environments, those parents with knowledge of English emulate native bi/multilingual families and raise their children in English and Spanish. This type of non-native elective bilingualism upbringing is gaining momentum in Spain and deserves further scrutiny. Therefore, this paper is devoted to better understand this phenomenon by means of the study of 16 Spanish families who are raising their children in English and Spanish. Their family language policy (FLP) will be analysed in terms of language beliefs, language management and language practices. Results reflect parents’ desires and imagined identities with English as a metaphor of accomplishment, as well as their emotional implications, disruptions and negotiations to bring to fruition this complex socialization practice.

Faktor-faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Status Gizi Anak 12-59 Bulan Di Puskesmas Paal Merah Kota Jambi

Children aged 12-59 are a period that is vulnerable to disturbances, one of which is malnutrition. Many factors can influence it, one of which is knowledge, attitude, education and parenting. This study aims to determine the relationship between mother's education level, knowledge, attitude and parenting pattern on the nutritional status of children 12-59 months. This research is a quantitative study with a cross sectional research design. The population in this study were all mothers of children under five who visited the Paal Merah Health Center in Jambi City in 2019 totaling 875 people and sampling using purposive sampling technique as many as 90 people. The analysis in this study was univariate and bivariate, with chi-square test, the research instrument used a questionnaire sheet. The results of the univariate analysis showed that there were 66 (73.3%) under-fives with good nutritional status, there were 49 (54.4%) mothers with high school education/equivalent, there were 62 (68.9%) mothers with good knowledge, there were 58 ( 64.4%) of mothers have good attitudes and there are 62 (68.9%) mothers who have good parenting patterns. The results of the bivariate analysis showed that there was a relationship between knowledge, attitudes and parenting patterns on the nutritional status of children 12-59 months and there was no relationship between education and the nutritional status of children 12-59 months at Paal Merah II Health Center Jambi City in 2021. Factors related to nutritional status is knowledge, attitudes and parenting

Parenting Patterns in Improving Adolescents' Religious Understanding

Adolescence is a period of transition or change from children to adults. There will be many things they can learn from the people around them. If teenagers get good parenting or social relationships, they will survive various mental stresses. As adolescence goes on, the role of parents is very important to equip children's growth and development to be in accordance with what is expected. Because parents are the first education for their children in the family environment. The family can also sometimes be called the first education for children in their environment, because from everything that parents or families do, their children will see and practice it. Therefore, the role of parents and families is very important for increasing children's religious understanding in adolescence. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to determine parenting patterns in the religious understanding of adolescents. The research method used is descriptive qualitative research and participatory action research. This research is a community study for families who are Muslim and have teenage children aged 10 to 20 years. Data collection was carried out by holding religious activities at the mosque through the Ar-Rahmah Mosque Youth Association (IRMAR).

Post-circumcision penile skin loss: reporting the outcome of one-stage anterolateral scrotal based flaps in children

ABSTRACT Introduction Improper penile assessment, together with carrying out circumcision by an inexperienced person, results in major complications. One of the complex complications is the complete or sub-complete penile skin loss, which in many cases, necessitates one or staged repair. Purpose To evaluate modified one-stage bilateral anterolateral scrotal-based flaps to compensate for penile skin loss after circumcision. Methods This study was performed on patients with almost penile skin loss after circumcision from February 2013 to July 2021. In all cases, one-stage modified bilateral anterolateral scrotal skin flaps were used to compensate for penile skin loss. The modification includes scrotal skin flap fashioning in a novel way, in addition to the use of penodermal fixation sutures at the penoscrotal junction, to create a stable penoscrotal junction and new penile skin coverage. Patients were discharged from the hospital on the same day of surgery. The dressing was left for 5 days. Follow-up visits were scheduled weekly in the first month, 3 and 6 months later, then annually. Results Forty-six children were included in this study. Their mean age was 4.5 ± 1.5 years. The mean operative time was 139.6 ± 11.5 min. No flap ischemia or necrosis was reported. One case (2.2%) developed a scrotal hematoma managed conservatively. Three (6.5%) cases presented with wound dehiscence at the penoscrotal angle. Three (6.5%) cases had self-limited penile edema. Two (4.3%) cases had dorsal midline hypertrophic scar; one improved after treatment with triamcinolone acetonide ointment, and the other needed scar revision. The mean follows up was 23.33 ± 9.13 months. Conclusion The modified scrotal skin flap technique provides a good substitution for stable penile skin coverage and a one-stage reconstruction of penile skin loss. It results in good parents’ satisfaction with acceptable complications.

Homosexuality and the Stigmatised Homophobia in Indian Society

India being a country with diverse culture, customs, religions, beliefs, and faith stands forth with its largest form of democracy giving its citizens the fundamental right of Equality and of Opportunity; Freedom of speech and expression, Freedom of Religion and guarantees cultural and educational rights by its very constitution. The equality clause (article 14 and 15) in our constitution debars from discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth. Article 21 of the constitution gives the right to life and Personal liberty which is the eminent basis of the decriminalization of the age old section 377 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860, that banned homosexuality since the 19th century. Section 377 of the IPC violated the fundamental Rights (article 14, 19 and 21) guaranteed under our constitution. It is not that early but on the day of 6th September 2018 was when the Supreme Court ruled and declared its historic judgement by striking down and finally putting an end to the criminalization of section 377 in India. Like heterosexuals, even the homosexuals have the same right to privacy and live with dignity in the society. It is after the historic judgement that the homosexuals in India got its recognition as Natural and attained the right to live and love with pride and choice. It is only after this judgement that the people in India started opening up about the issue on homosexuality more in the public sphere which remained a taboo since a long time. The awareness in the Indian population regarding homosexuality is helping to cope, adjust and accept the homosexuals into the inclusive society yet prejudice and different negative attitude towards the homosexuals are taking place due to different cultures and lifestyles incorporated into most religions that becomes a source of conflict in the society. The prejudice of Homophobia may also stem from stigmatized conventional social construct, authoritarian parents with homophobic views and from the large mass of people who lacks the knowledge and understanding regarding sex and gender studies. The study aims to find out the people’s attitude towards the Homosexuals in today’s India. It aims to find out the knowledge and understanding of the people towards homosexuality and to analyze their hidden homophobia. For the basis of this study, an online-cross-sectional survey through questionnaire method was used. Snowball sampling method was designed with question relating to sex education, knowledge on homosexuality, attitude towards homosexuality and relevant details to study and analyze the perception and views of the Indian Society regarding homosexuals and the need to understand, recognize and articulate the issues in-depth sight of homophobia was brought into effect. The data was collected using Google forms. The participants had a fair and good knowledge towards homosexuality. They proclaimed a positive and supportive attitude towards the homosexuals. The study showed that the youth and adult population (within the age group of 18-35) were the major and active participants in the survey. The responses were mostly from educated class of people who are graduates from universities in India. The results were that the participants were well aware that homosexuals exist and their acceptance is plurally and equally just, fair and valid in a society; but the personal and cultural homophobia attached still pertains to live somewhere inside them. The issues won’t go away in a day. They are a product of centuries old stigma. To live in a more inclusive society we need to shed our innocence – deconstruct the theories of conventional homophobia; accept the reality and strive forward towards more equal, free and fair environment. Practical suggestions like good parenting and positive attitude towards the homosexuals should be practiced to help in the inclusion of them in the society. Steps to inculcate ‘gender and sex’ education in school syllabus must be prioritized so that children from the very beginning learn about their existence and divergence towards normalcy to accept the homosexuals becomes universal. Extended knowledge, awareness in form of workshop, seminars and webinars etc. to discuss and talk about the concerns of the homosexuals should be encouraged. The knowledge must be reached out to the public so that revolution in the rights and freedoms of the homosexuality take place at a faster rate. It is a long road ahead but it is not an impossible fight. Everyone, irrespective of their gender deserves the right to article 21 under the Indian constitution. Homosexuals deserve to live in an equal, just and dignified society. They must strongly be accepted to live with pride in a free and fearless India.

The Impact Of Smartphone Technology On Behavior Of Parents For Aged 40-50 Years

Good parents' behavior indicates the existence of a personality life from a daily mindset that always leads to positive things, positive behavior from parents can have a very big impact on the survival of family life and social life.In modern times there are many deviations in behavior carried out by people.This times allegedly caused by advances in communication technology, one of which is smartphone technology. It is less able to use the applications contained in Smartphone today such as fb, browsing, listening to music, video players, games, allegedly very influential on the behavior of parents today. That is why the writer feels important to conduct research with the title "The Effect of Smartphone Technology on the Behavior of Parents aged 40-50 years. Study qualitative methods uses, using a qualitative approach, to explore and describe how much influence smartphone technology on parental behavior. Which is 40-50 years old.The results of this study indicate that smartphone technology can have a significant impact on the behavior of people in Tuminting District, both behaviors that lead to positive things and behaviors that lead to negative things.

‘The very best private schools in the world’: critical discourse analysis of the Spear’s Schools Index

ABSTRACT This article employs critical discourse analysis of the Spear’s Schools Index of ‘the best private schools in the world’, the first such global ranking of schools, to understand representations of elite education in globalised societies. It argues that the Index is a powerful text that exemplifies a global gaze – an imagined perspective from which education is judged independent of context. Six assumptions about education inherent in this global gaze are identified, through which schools and parents are subjectified while students are objectified, namely that: good education can be judged independent of context; education is a competition; the best schools are supranational; private and Western schools are best; good parents choose globally; and children are an investment. The article demonstrates the fertility of analysing online sources to examine elite schools [Howard, Adam, and Jane Kenway. 2015. “Canvassing Conversations: Obstinate Issues in Studies of Elites and Elite Education.” International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education 28 (9): 1005–1032.].

Navigating parenthood in the surgical profession: mixed-methods study.

Significant barriers exist to surgeons being good parents and parents being good surgeons, and these barriers are heightened for women. Considering the gender balance now present in postgraduate medical schools, it is critical that these barriers are overcome if surgery is to attract and retain applicants. This study aimed to investigate patterns of parenthood in surgery, explore associated attitudes and experiences, and identify barriers and solutions within an Australian and New Zealand context. Surgeons and trainees were invited to participate in a survey and focus groups. Quantitative results were described, and textual responses and focus group transcriptions were analysed thematically. There were 261 survey respondents (62.8 per cent women, 37.2 per cent men) and six focus groups (34 participants). Of the survey respondents, 79.6 per cent of women and 86.5 per cent of men had children. Women were more likely to time childbirth around training or work, and most respondents without children attributed this to their career. Tensions between parenthood and surgery engendered guilt for surgeon-parents. Parenthood was often the 'elephant in the room' in training and employment discussions. Breaking the silence around parenthood and surgery made it more acceptable, normalising positive behaviour changes. The major barrier to parenthood and surgery was the lack of flexible training opportunities. Participants called for top-down establishment of mandated, stand-alone, permanent part-time training positions. Many barriers to parenthood in surgery are created by rigid workplace and professional structures that are reflective of male-dominated historical norms. A willingness to be flexible, innovative and rethink models of training and employment is central to change.

EFEKTIVITAS PUSAT PEMBELAJARAN KELUARGA (PUSPAGA) DALAM PENCEGAHAN KASUS KEKERASAN PADA ANAK DI TANGERANG SELATAN

Children play a vital role as future generations to come. Parents lovingly instill in their children the virtues of kindness. Good parenting can affect a child's moral development as an adult. Violence against the child is behavior that can harm the child either physically or mentally. The prevalence of violence against this child is largely a factor in the family. Furthermore, there is a shortage of knowledge regarding child upbringing. In Indonesia there are various institutions where counseling or institution may be a means of consulting on family issues in order to prevent a particularly violent case of children. It is the center for family learning (puspaga), which is under the protection of Child And Family Protection Women's Empowerment Service (DP3AKB). The research approach USES qualitative analysis descriptive methods, is supported by primary and secondary data-collection techniques, then observation, interview and document studies, and then testing the validity of the data using field observation and documents to make it more credible. Studies have shown that PUSPAGA'S implementation of programs in the prevention of violent cases of children works well, since the implementation of programs is consistent with both ends and objectives. Moreover, in the process of counseling services through a process of analysis which should not be arbitrarily addressing a problem. As for the constraints that come with the lack of manpower in institutions and time. But from these porgrames and services at the center for the prevention of child violence are effective, because the action programs are consistent and have the clarity of purpose they want to achieve, and have the appropriate analysis and formulation of policies in dealing with client problems.

The Effect of Parenting and the Parent-Child Relationship on a Child's Cognitive Development: A Literature Review.

Various studies have been done on subjects such as parenting, parent-child relationships, parenting style, effortful parenting, the concept of parenting, the cognitive development of children, and the cognition of parents. This research is mainly based on parenting practice, child development, and maturation. Children's cognitive development starts in the first year of life and then progresses gradually. Children require positive parenting in painful and different situations. Parenting gives a child the confidence to face crucial, challenging problems. Sensitive parenting and caregiving are required for the child's maturity and cognitive development. Media has been observed to be essential in improving parenting practices. Children exhibit internalizing and externalizing symptoms as a result of harsh, aggressive, and intrusive parenting. According to the data, it is seen that the risk of depression increases in adolescence. The main reason for the rise in depression in children is the non-cooperation and support of mothers and fathers. The risk of depression decreases in children whose mothers and fathers are cooperative and supportive. While family and social stress increase the chances of depression in children, a negative parenting style means children face family and social anxiety. Due to the high level of hostile parenting and low level of positive parenting, they experience stress, peer pressure, and social and family relationship problems. Another excellent term for effortful control parenting is required for children's cognitive development. Parenting is necessary for the regulation of emotions and behavior. There are many problems seen in infancy, early childhood, and late childhood. There are four types of parenting styles seen: authoritative parenting, authoritarian parenting/controlling parenting, permissive parenting/indulgent parenting, and uninvolved parenting/neglecting to parent. Good parenting requires one to know the concept of good parenting, the idea of parenting, the importance of parenting and children's needs, the components of parenting, and the consequences of parenting.

Validasi Intervensi Psikologis: “Positive Parenting Brief Family Therapy”

The parenting style applied by both parents has a big influence on the child's development. The low interaction between one or both parents in parenting has an impact on the poor attachment between parent and child. Dysfunctional parenting causes children to have low psychological well-being, less optimal and effective maternal care also has a significant impact on the child's mental and emotional development. Good parenting will reduce the damage to the child's social skills and he can be accepted by his peer environment. This study aims to increase information and knowledge about positive parenting through positive parenting education training. The training module is structured around the positive parenting principles coined by John Gray. The research module was prepared based on the Russell method with a focus on content and empirical validation tests. The content validation test resulted in Aiken V values moving between 0.71 to 0.94 with a mean of 0.78, while the empirical validation showed a decrease in the pretest and posttest scores on the dysfunctional parenting scale in the experimental group. Based on the legibility test, this module can be an alternative option to be given to parents in order to be able to implement positive parenting in the family.Keywords: Positive Parenting, Mother's Care, Mother's involvement

The social value of genomic sequencing for disadvantaged families facing rare disease

This study explores parental expectations and value-making processes in respect to pediatric clinical genomic sequencing for socially disadvantaged families. Drawing on interviews and ethnographic observations with parents of children with undiagnosed physical and/or intellectual differences seeking to find whether these differences have a genetic etiology, we explore expectations and parental assessments of the value of genomic sequencing within the context of an ongoing research study. We demonstrate how the value of sequencing to parents goes well beyond finding diagnostic results or receiving prescriptive guidance as to the best care and treatment of their child; instead, value is co-created by parents, clinicians, and genetic counsellors throughout the enrollment and return of results process. Parents in our study found that clinicians and genetic counsellors repeatedly reenforce that parents need to lower their expectations and be prepared to wait for genetic science to provide more definitive answers. At the same time, parents experience that clinical teams validate parents for having made a good choice in their undertaking of genomic sequencing and, no matter the result, that they are not to blame for their child's symptoms. The experience of many parents (although not all) is that genomic science reduces or removes their sense of guilt for their child's condition, providing a platform that affirms them as “good parents.” Moreover, rather than being voiceless and isolated, socially disadvantaged parents who enter into diagnostic sequencing find themselves in a familial-biosocial framework wherein they are co-partners in a socially and biologically authoritative vision of the future.

Associations between Parenting Style and Nutritional Knowledge on Stunting in Children Aged 24-60 Months in Ketang Health Center, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

Background: Stunting is a condition of children under five with a z-score of less than -2 standard deviation (stunted) and less than -3 standard deviation (severely stunted). Interventions to accelerate stunting prevention require intervention and coaching, such as knowledge and parenting of toddlers in the community. This study aimed to determine the relationships between knowledge, and stunting in children aged 24-60 months.Subjects and Method: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted in the Ketang Health Center, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. A total of 60 children aged 24-60 months and their mothers was selected using purposive sampling. The independent variables were parenting and nutritional knowledge. The dependent variable was stunting. The instruments of this study were height measurement tools, knowledge, and parenting questionnaires. The data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression.Results: Children who have mothers with poor parenting are 0.15 times more stunted than mothers with good parenting. Nutrition knowledge is 0.04 times less likely to be stunted than mothers with good nutrition knowledge.Conclusion: Mothers with poor parenting and nutritional knowledge increase the risk of stunting. Keywords: Nutritional knowledge, parenting, stunting. Correspondence:Heribertus Handi. Nursing Study Program, Universitas Katolik Indonesia Santu Paulus Ruteng. Jl. Jenderal A. Yani No. 10, Langke Rembong, East Nusa Tenggara. Email: herihandi84@gmail.com. Mobile: 085236119205.

Parent values and preferences underpinning treatment decision-making in poor-prognosis childhood cancer: a scoping review

BackgroundParents of children who are diagnosed with a poor-prognosis cancer want to be involved in making treatment-related decisions for their child. They often make repeated decisions depending on their child’s response to treatment and can experience decisional regret as a consequence. Understanding parent values and preferences when making treatment-related decisions may help enhance discussions with healthcare professionals and identify additional ways of providing support to this parent population.ObjectivesTo explore parent values and preferences underpinning treatment decision-making for children receiving cancer-directed therapy for a poor prognosis cancer.MethodsA scoping review of research literature and systematic reviews from qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods studies was conducted following Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. Articles which included parents of a child who received cancer-directed therapy for a poor-prognosis childhood cancer, under the age of eighteen years were considered. Four electronic databases were searched (CINAHL, Medline, PsychINFO, Web of Science Core Collections). Reference and citation lists of all included full-text articles were also searched. Summative content analysis was used to synthesise findings and develop themes.ResultsTwelve articles were included. Parent decision-making was affected by underpinning factors: hope for a cure, fear of their child dying and uncertainty. Influencing factors: opinions of others, child’s wishes, and faith and religion had the potential to inform decision-making processes. Parents valued having enough time, being a good parent and being involved in decision-making. Preferences within these values varied resulting in the potential for conflict and ‘trade-offs’ in making decisions.ConclusionsParent decision-making in poor-prognosis childhood cancer is complex and extends beyond values and preferences. Underpinning factors and values are consistent through the decision-making process with influencing factors and preferences varying between parents. Preferences can conflict when parents want to continue cancer-directed therapy whilst maintaining their child’s quality of life or can change depending on a parents’ cognitive state as they realise cure might be unlikely.

ПСИХОЛОГІЧНІ ТАКТИКИ ВИПРАВДАННЯ КОРУПЦІЇ

The purpose of the article was to highlight and thoroughly analyze the psychological methods by which corrupt people deny, justify or reduce their own guilt and try to interpret their actions as normal and correct ones. Research results. The article examines psychological techniques of justification (explanation) of corrupt behaviour. It is emphasized that unlike other types of crimes, corruption acts are usually committed by quite respectable and good people, who can be good parents, active members of the community, high officials, and who do not consider themselves as corrupted. One of the most important aspects of corruption is how the offenders defend or justify their actions using various concepts or mental techniques. These methods of justifying corrupt behaviour, which in various studies are called techniques of neutralization, rationalization, socialization, moral disengagement etc., became the subject of this scientific review. The neutralization of deviant behaviour is considered in the article as psychological techniques that help to completely or partially deny someone’s responsibility for deviant behaviour. It is noted that in order for there to be no or less guilt, neutralization can be carried out in two ways: on the one hand, by denying the deviant behaviour itself, and on the other hand, by denying responsibility for it. Conclusions. The leading techniques of neutralization are singled out: disclaimer of responsibility; denial of harm; denial of the victim; condemnation of condemners; appeal to greater loyalty, etc. Key words: responsibility, justification, denial of damage; condemnation, corruption, social norms.