Good Level Research Articles

Exploring AI-chatbots’ capability to suggest surgical planning in ophthalmology: ChatGPT versus Google Gemini analysis of retinal detachment cases

BackgroundWe aimed to define the capability of three different publicly available large language models, Chat Generative Pretrained Transformer (ChatGPT-3.5), ChatGPT-4 and Google Gemini in analysing retinal detachment cases and suggesting...

Effectiveness of a palliative care education program for caregivers of cancer patients receiving chemotherapy in Port Said City: A pre-post quasi-experimental study.

Emphasizing the pivotal role of caregivers in the cancer care continuum, a program designed to educate caregivers of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy underscores their significance. The palliative care education initiative strives to cultivate a compassionate and effective care environment, benefiting both patients and caregivers. By imparting education, fostering positive attitudes, offering support, encouraging appropriate behaviors, and providing essential resources, the program aims to enhance the overall caregiving experience and contribute to the well-being of those navigating the challenges of cancer treatment. To evaluate the effectiveness of a palliative care education program for caregivers of cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. The research employed a purposive sample comprising 155 caregivers who were actively present with their cancer patients throughout the pre- and post-test phases within a quasi-experimental research design. The study took place at the outpatient oncology center of Al-Shifa Medical Complex in Port Said City, Egypt. To gather comprehensive data, 4 instruments were utilized: a demographic questionnaire, a nurse knowledge questionnaire, a scale measuring attitudes toward palliative care, and an assessment of reported practices in palliative care. This methodological approach allowed for a thorough exploration of caregiver perspectives, knowledge, attitudes, and practices within the context of a palliative care education program. Before the palliative care education program, only 1.3% of caregivers had a good overall level of knowledge about cancer and palliative care; this increased to 40.6% after the program. Similarly, before the palliative care education program, 32.9% of caregivers had a positive overall attitude, which increased to 72.3% after the program. Similarly, 27.1% of caregivers had an overall appropriate palliative care practice during the pre-test phase, which increased to 93.5% after the palliative care education program. The palliative care education program significantly improved caregivers' knowledge, attitudes, and practice scores. It is strongly recommended that caregivers of cancer patients receive continuing education in palliative care. In addition, it is crucial to conduct further research with a larger sample size in different situations in Egypt.

TURKISH-RUSSIAN RELATIONS FROM THE COLD WAR TO 2002 AS THE BEGINNING OF CURRENT RELATIONS

In this study, Turkish-Russian relations in the Cold War period and the Post-Cold War time till 2002 are discussed. Since 2002 is accepted as the beginning of current relations and a breakthrough year in relations, a separate analysis is required for the next period. It is seen that the relations between Türkiye and Russia were tense between the years 1945-1965, and then went through a soft period until the end of the Cold War period. It is clearly understood that Turkish-Russian relations gained a new dimension after the collapse of the USSR. Economic-commercial relations constituted the most important area of this period, in which competition also predominated. In the first part of this study, the historical development of Turkish-Soviet relations in the Cold War period is tried to be discussed. Economic and commercial relations assumed the locomotive role in the cooperation between the two countries, giving a different quality to the political, military and security issues and relations with third countries. In the second part, the new era for the affairs is analyzed and, in this regard, it should be noted that the leaders of the two countries have made great efforts since the beginning of the 1990s. In these years, many strategic projects were signed and implemented in the context of bilateral relations. It is obvious that the relations between the two countries reached a strategic dimension in areas such as economic-commercial and energy. It is also analyzed that the momentum gained in Turkish-Russian relations and the good level of relations also served regional stability and common interests. Finally, it may be assumed that the years examined by this paper is also a period that helped to create strong relations between two countries in the 21st century.

Health-related quality of life and related factors in patients with colorectal cancer in Iran: a systematic review.

This systematic review aims to examine the health-related quality of life (QOL) in Iranian patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and its related factors. A thorough, systematic search was conducted in different international electronic databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Persian electronic databases such as Iranmedex, and Scientific Information Database using keywords such as "Colorectal neoplasm", "Colorectal tumors", "Colorectal cancer", "Quality of life", and "Life quality" from the earliest to 17 October 2022. The quality of the studies included in this systematic review was evaluated using the appraisal tool for cross-sectional studies (AXIS tool). There were 820 CRC patients in the five cross-sectional studies that made up this systematic review. The mean score of QOL in patients with CRC was 61.99 (SD=15.87) out of 100 based on EORTC-QLQ-C30, which indicates a moderate to good level of QOL. Factors such as age, gender, living conditions, level of education, occupation, monthly income, health insurance, physical activity, performance status, and comorbidities had a significant relationship with QOL in patients with CRC. In sum, the findings of the five studies that were a part of this systematic review revealed that Iranian patients with CRC had a moderate to good QOL. Therefore, managers and health policymakers can create psychological counseling programs with an emphasis on the factors affecting the QOL of patients in light of how crucial it is to raise patients' understanding of the long-term impacts of CRC and how they affect their QOL.

Identification of Factors of Low Grades and Academic Failure of Medical Students

Background: Students are human capital and future of all countries, several factors affect students’ academic status leading to academic burnout and possibly academic failure, academic failure can delay finding a job and lead to frustration, loss of morale, and ultimately result in a large cost. Several factors may lead to academic failure, such as age, gender, scientific background, motivation and interest in the field, marital status, occupation status, place of residence, parental employment and education level, financial ability and others. Academic failure of students is not a personal problem, but rather a social issue; therefore, fundamental steps must be taken toward addressing the issue. Aim: The aim of study to Determine academic failure and related factors among medical students of Tikrit university college of medicine. Subject and methods: The current study is cross section study type was carried out in medical students from 21th of November 2022 to the 5th of March 2023.The study design was by convenient sampling, from medical students .The Exclusion criteria of participants was all students with a good academic level, while all other students were included in the study.The data was collected using Google form Questinaire. Results: The total samples of study was (202), the bad time management is the most factors affecting on students with low grades (93%), work while studying (49%), family responsibility (25%), Psychological problems (10.4%), pathological problems (6%), Low economic state (5.4%). the students with second trial had highest bad time management (35.4%), work while studying (25.8%). The poor teaching quality is the highest percentage (50%) of evaluation, moderate (32%), good (14%), (4%) excellent. the students satisfaction with effective teaching methods is moderate (44%), poor (36%), good (17%) and excellent (3%). Conclusions: The bad time management is the most factors affecting on students with low grades.

The actinomycete Kitasatospora sp. SeTe27, subjected to adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) in the presence of selenite, varies its cellular morphology, redox stability, and tolerance to the toxic oxyanion

The effects of oxyanions selenite (SeO32−) in soils are of high concern in ecotoxicology and microbiology as they can react with mineral particles and microorganisms. This study investigated the evolution of the actinomycete Kitasatospora sp. SeTe27 in response to selenite. To this aim, we used the Adaptive Laboratory Evolution (ALE) technique, an experimental approach that mimics natural evolution and enhances microbial fitness for specific growth conditions. The original strain (wild type; WT) isolated from uncontaminated soil gave us a unique model system as it has never encountered the oxidative damage generated by the prooxidant nature of selenite. The WT strain exhibited a good basal level of selenite tolerance, although its growth and oxyanion removal capacity were limited compared to other environmental isolates. Based on these premises, the WT and the ALE strains, the latter isolated at the end of the laboratory evolution procedure, were compared. While both bacterial strains had similar fatty acid profiles, only WT cells exhibited hyphae aggregation and extensively produced membrane-like vesicles when grown in the presence of selenite (challenged conditions). Conversely, ALE selenite-grown cells showed morphological adaptation responses similar to the WT strain under unchallenged conditions, demonstrating the ALE strain improved resilience against selenite toxicity. Whole-genome sequencing revealed specific missense mutations in genes associated with anion transport and primary and secondary metabolisms in the ALE variant. These results were interpreted to show that some energy-demanding processes are attenuated in the ALE strain, prioritizing selenite bioprocessing to guarantee cell survival in the presence of selenite. The present study indicates some crucial points for adapting Kitasatospora sp. SeTe27 to selenite oxidative stress to best deal with selenium pollution. Moreover, the importance of exploring non-conventional bacterial genera, like Kitasatospora, for biotechnological applications is emphasized.

Research on Digital Economy and High Quality Development of Regional Economy

<p>The experience of developed countries shows that digital economy can promote high -quality economic development. By constructing a comprehensive evaluation index system, this paper measures the digital economy and high quality economic development level of Zhejiang province from 2013 to 2019. First, the coupling model is used to measure the dynamic evolution process of digital economy and high-quality economic development, then the general linear linear regression model is fitted to explore the promotion degree of digital economy to high-quality economic development, and finally, the mediationeffect model is used to analyze the mechanism of digital economy to promote high -quality economic development. The following conclusionsare drawn: In recent years, the development level of digital economy in Zhejiang province continues to improve, and the coupling coordination degree of digital economy and high-quality economic development gradually reaches a good level. Digital economy can promote high-quality economic development. Every 1% increase in the level of digital economy will increase the level of high-quality economic development by 0.4694%. The index of scientific and technological innovation is taken as a mediating variable, and the test model is constructed. The mediating effect is found to be significant, which indicates that digital economy empowers scientific and technological innovation to promote high-quality economic development. Based on this, this paper puts forward some suggestions to provide reference for thehigh quality economic development of Zhejiang Province.</p>

Calculation Method of the Phase Recovery of Gas Cap Reservoir with Bottom Water

In gas cap reservoirs underlain by bottom water, the connection between the reservoir and the aquifer leads to an increasing invasion of bottom water as reservoir development progresses. The average formation pressure of the reservoir will change, and the separated phase recovery of the gas cap reservoir with bottom water will be affected by the change in the average formation pressure. The traditional average formation pressure calculation formulas do not consider the water influx, so the accurate calculation of separated recovery cannot be obtained by those calculation methods. The development of gas cap reservoirs with bottom water presents several challenges, including the simultaneous production of oil and gas, undetermined rates of bottom water influx, and uncertain formation pressure and gas-to-oil ratios. These factors contribute to substantial discrepancies between theoretical calculations and actual observations. A more accurate and comprehensive approach is required to address these issues and enable a precise determination of the phase separated recovery in gas cap reservoirs with bottom water. The volume-deficit method is integrated with the Fetkovich quasi-steady state method for water influx. The water-influx prediction is incorporated into the material balance equation, which is further refined by introducing the Fetkovich model to enhance the estimation of the average formation pressure. The average formation pressure, once determined, is utilized in conjunction with the established relationships among this pressure, surface oil production, gas production, and the dissolved gas–oil ratio. Through the application of mass conservation principles, the varying degree of phase recovery, as influenced by fluctuations in the average formation pressure, is calculated. The precision of this refined method has been validated by a comparison with outcomes generated by simulation software. The results reveal a commendable accuracy: an error in the average formation pressure calculation is found to be merely 2.61%, while the errors in recovery degrees for gas cap gas, dissolved gas, and oil-rim oil are recorded at 2.73%, 2.94%, and 1.28%, respectively. These minor discrepancies indicate a good level of consistency and affirm the reliability of this advanced methodology, as demonstrated by passive assessments. This paper provides a method to accurately calculate the phase recovery without some oil- and gas-production data, which provides accurate data support for the actual production evaluation and subsequent development measures.

Peri-implantitis: Knowledge and attitudes of implantology clinicians regarding the disease management: Peri-implantitis knowledge.

Since peri-implantitis is an increasing and prevalent concern in clinical practice and there is no consensus regarding the best therapeutic protocol, this study evaluated the knowledge and behaviours of dentists working in Implantology regarding implant-related infections modulating factors and therapeutic protocols used in the management of peri-implantitis. Cross-sectional study was conducted with 86 Brazilian Implantology clinicians. Data were collected using a structured and online questionnaire evaluating socioeconomic characteristics, education, work/clinical practice, knowledge and attitudes regarding the risk factors and management of peri-implantitis. The reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated by test-retest technique. The questionnaire was developed based on the last consensus on peri-implant diseases (2018) and the current evidence related to implant-related infections. Descriptive, bivariate and logistic regression analyses were conducted adopting a significance level of 5%. In this study, 89.5% of included dentists reported that already treated patients with peri-implantitis. Approximately 80% of dentists use antibiotics and mouth rinses during the treatment, and surgical procedures seem the main choice to treat peri-implantitis (91.8%) by dentists. As a preventive approach, 94.2% of dentists reported that routinely assessedbiofilm accumulation in the follow-up visits after implant placement. Logistic regression showed that the self-reported ability to treat peri-implantitis was statistically (p < 0.05) higher among dentists who reported abilities to diagnose the disease and use laser for peri-implantitis treatment. Dentists working in Implantology have a good level of knowledge and behaviors in the management of peri-implantitis. However, the lack of consensus regarding the best treatment protocols may reflect dentist's behaviours because different treatment protocols have been used by evaluated clinicians.

Analysis of Knowledge Level, Consumption Habits, Sugar and Calories Content in Ice Cream on the Nutritional Status of Depok Students

Background: Obesity is a nutritional problem in Indonesia. A factor that influences the incidence of obesity is a high-sugar diet (ex., ice cream products). The consumption rate of ice cream increases every year and is also accompanied by an increasing number of outlets providing ice cream products. Added sugar in ice cream contributes to an increased intake of high-calorie foods that leads to obesity.&#x0D; Objectives: To analyze level of knowledge, consumption habits, sugar and calorie content of ice cream on the nutritional status of Depok students.&#x0D; Methods: Observational research with cross-sectional design, analyzed with frequency distribution and chi-square test. Data were obtained using online questionnaire. The research was conducted in the city of Depok, involving 939 samples of Depok students selected with purposive sampling methods.&#x0D; Results: 667 (71,0%) students have a good level of nutritional knowledge and 578 (61,6%) students unusually eat ice cream. There is no relationship between the level of nutritional knowledge (p-value: 0,609) and ice cream consumption habits (p-value: 0,211) on the nutritional status of students. Vanilla ice cream cup with cookies and cream topping is the most preferred ice cream, containing 13,28 grams of sugar and 154,11 kcal calories.&#x0D; Conclusions: Depok students have good nutritional knowledge and unusually eat ice cream. The sugar and calorie content of the ice cream are high.

Numerical simulation for radiative hybrid nanofluid (TiO2+Fe3O4∕H2O) flow due to a non-uniform stretching sheet with variable permeability

Variable permeability plays a crucial role in various manufacturing and technical applications such as fixed-bed catalytic reactors, heat exchangers, and dying, among others. The primary focus of this paper is to investigate the impacts of variable permeability on hybrid nanofluid (HNF) flow due to nonlinear sheet stretching with thermal heat flux. The HNF is made up of a mixer of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] nanoparticles and water serving as the base fluid. Using efficient similarity transformations, the flow-governing equations are converted into a set of ordinary differential equations, and the resulting system is computationally solved by using the MATLAB program (bvp4c). The impact of various physical variables on the fluid velocity and heat transfer characteristics is analyzed via graphs. It is found that as the permeability parameter rises, the velocity of the HNF diminishes while the temperature amplifies. The drag force coefficient declines with an intensification of the volume fraction of the [Formula: see text] nanoparticles. The HNF [Formula: see text] exhibits 0.45–0.75% increase in heat transfer rate when compared to a nanofluid [Formula: see text] for different values of heat source parameter. The current investigation is compared to the existing literature, revealing a good level of agreement.

A C3‐Symmetric Amino Organocatalyst for Asymmetric Synthesis of Warfarin and Analogues: Mechanistic Insight from ESI‐MS Spectrometry and Computational Calculations

AbstractA novel C3‐symmetric multi–amino catalyst was synthesized and evaluated in the asymmetric Michael addition to produce warfarin and its analogues. The multi–amino catalyst turned out to be efficient up to 1 % molar without the use of acidic additives providing the desired product in 82 % yield and maintaining good level of enantioselectivity. ESI‐MS experiments together with data supplied by theoretical models allowed us the understand the operating mechanism of the catalyst, clarifying the role of the amine functions and confirming the catalyst's multifunctionality. The presence of three active catalytic sites makes it easy its anchoring to silica as solid support for applications in heterogeneous phase catalysis.

Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Activity of Ruta chalepensis L. Ethanolic Extract.

Ruta chalepensis L. is a versatile herb used in culinary arts and traditional medicine. The study aimed to determine the chemical composition of an ethanolic extract from R. chalepensis and the total phenolic and flavonoid content. Additionally, the extracts' antimicrobial and antioxidant activities were tested. The disc diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were used to test the antibacterial properties on four types of bacteria: Escherichia coli, Proteus penneri, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus. A colorimetric assay was used to evaluate the total phenolic and flavonoid content, and the DPPH method was used to assess the antioxidant activity. The phytochemical constituents were determined using LC-MS/MS. The results indicated that R. chalepensis ethanolic extract had 34 compounds, and the predominant compounds were quercetin (9.2 %), myricetin (8.8 %), and camphene (8.0 %). Moreover, the extract had a good level of polyphenols and flavonoids, as demonstrated by inhibiting free radicals (DPPH) (IC50 was 41.2±0.1). Also, the extract exhibited robust antimicrobial activity against P. penneri and S. aureus with an MIC of 12.5 and 25.0 μg/mL, respectively. In conclusion, the results suggest that the R. chalepensis ethanolic extract has good antioxidant and antibacterial properties that could be utilized to develop new antibacterial agents.

Assessing the impact of dust events on the Holiday Climate Index in the Taklimakan Desert region.

As a significant sector within the tourism industry, desert tourism has developed rapidly in recent years, contributing significantly to local economic development. On the other hand, desert tourism is constantly influenced by the desert climate, characterized by high temperatures, aridity, and dust events. This study examines and analyzes the impact of dust events on the Holiday Climate Index (HCI) using an improved methodology. It incorporates comprehensive meteorological data including temperature, relative humidity, cloud cover, precipitation, wind speed and dust events of Tazhong, located in the heart of the Taklimakan Desert. The results indicate that the maximum mean monthly HCI dips from an ideal level (91) to a very good level (73), the minimum dips from good level (66) to a marginal level (47), and the annual comfortable days (HCI ≥ 80) decrease from 180.5 to 95.3 after considering the impacts of dust events. The corrective HCI indicates that autumn, especially October, offers relatively comfortable climatic conditions for tourism, with the mean monthly comfortable days reach 20.1. These findings can better guide desert tourism activities and also demonstrate that the impact of dust weather on tourism activities cannot be ignored.

A Cross-Sectional Study of General Nutrition Knowledge among Nursing Students in the UAE.

Adolescence is a crucial time for establishing long-lasting healthy habits, but many university students often engage in unhealthy eating behaviors. Increased independence, social influences, and mental stress all play a role in leading to poor dietary choices that can impact overall health and well-being. It is important to have a good grasp of nutrition to make informed food choices and avoid the development of chronic illnesses. To assess the nutrition knowledge of nursing students and examine the interconnections between participants' beliefs about diet, disease, and weight management. : A total of 100 nursing students participated in this descriptive cross-sectional study. Data gathering was conducted from March 2023 to May 2023 at a nursing college in the UAE. Participating students completed a self-reported validated revised general nutrition knowledge questionnaire (GNKQ-R). Descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation were used for analysis, along with univariate and multivariate analyses as a statistical methodology to examine individual variables within the dataset independently. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the scale in this study is 0.880. A cut-off point of 50 percent correctness was employed to signify a high level of knowledge. All participating students were female, with the majority (94%) being single. Most students (68%) had a normal mass index of 23.6, whereas 32% were overweight. The analysis showed that more than half of the students (57%) rated their overall health condition as good. The analysis also found that the only variable detected to predict the good nutrition knowledge level among studied students was having children less than 18 in the same family. The results of the current study indicate that future wellness actions should prioritize increasing students' general nutrition knowledge while also considering individual and academic factors impacting NK in college.

The Role of Piety (Taqwa) and Gratitude (Syukur) in Islam on Human Emotional Intelligence

This study aims to investigate the role of taqwa (belief in Allah) and gratitude (gratitude to Allah) in Islam on an individual's ability to manage their level of human emotional intelligence. This study uses a factorial design analysis research method with a structural transaction research model. Data analysis was performed using AMOS (Moment Structure Analysis) which is used for hypothesis testing. This research involved a research sample of 350 Muslims consisting of administration staff, teachers, students, and other staff at tertiary institutions. The research findings show that taqwa and gratitude make a positive contribution to emotional intelligence. Individuals who have high piety have the ability to assess and control their emotional levels. In addition, based on research results, individuals who have piety and gratitude have the ability to better understand and distinguish between positive and negative emotions because these individuals have a good level of understanding of the teachings of the Islamic religion. Individuals who have high piety and gratitude are also able to respond well when others are angry with them and act with compassion. Taqwa and gratitude can increase individual empathy, thus contributing to emotional competence and individual emotional intelligence. This research resulted in the originality of the findings, namely taqwa and gratitude affect the emotional intelligence of Muslims in dealing with various problems. In addition, the study of piety and gratitude is accompanied by self-development of the Qur'an to examine its relationship with the emotions and souls of Muslims. This can enrich the literature on Islamic religious scholarship. The implication of this research is that if someone is able to increase this devotion and gratitude, that person will be better able to manage emotions, so that they can create a harmonious atmosphere both at work and in the family environment.

Level of Awareness on the Usage of Thermal Insulation among Building Professionals: Case of a Tropical City in Nigeria

Adoption of buildings’ thermal insulation in Nigeria is still at the developmental stage; evidence of its usage for high thermal performance buildings and energy efficiency connotes a very low rate as there is very little evidence-based research in this regard. This paper seeks to evaluate the level of awareness on the usage of building thermal insulation among professionals in the building construction sector within Akure, a tropical city in Nigeria, to identify factors that deter its adoption and raise the level of commitment of the professionals within the building construction sector to sustainable practices of reducing buildings’ energy consumption. This is to create a resilient built environment against the challenges of climate change. Well-structured questionnaires were administered to gather data for the investigation. Jupyter Notebook version 6.4.12 was employed for the analysis. Results indicated a fairly good level of awareness among the building professionals while the barriers that affect the level of usage of thermal insulation within the study area are the high cost of procuring thermal insulation materials, non-compliance to building regulations, and governmental policy on construction. The research concluded that a good number of professionals have a high level of awareness of the usage of building thermal insulation, but the cost of the materials and government policy deterred its level of usage in the study area. Consequently, propagation of the usage of thermal insulation should be done through education and training of the stakeholders. Furthermore, the government needs to strengthen policies that support the usage and availability of thermal insulation within the study area

Knowledge and attitudes towards antibiotic resistance among health profession students in Indonesia

Abuse and overuse of antibiotics cause the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance. Doctors, nurses, midwives, and pharmacy professionals play an essential role in providing information and education on the use of antibiotics to the public. This study aims to compare and identify the factors that influence the knowledge and attitudes of students’ medicine, midwifery, pharmacy, and nursing toward antimicrobial resistance. An online crosssectional survey involving 530 medical, midwifery, pharmacy, and nursing students who are currently in the clinical or professional study stage. The Mann–Whitney U test and the Kruskal–Wallis test was run to assess differences in the mean scores of knowledges and attitudes. Factors related to knowledge and attitudes regarding antibiotic resistance were analyzed using linear regression. Most (93%) students have a good level of knowledge and have a positive attitude 49.81%, neutral 43.78%, and negative 6.41%. There was a relationship between age (p=0.012), major (p=0.000), source of information (p=0.013), and knowledge and attitudes about antibiotics (p&amp;lt;0.05). We conclude that there are differences in knowledge and attitudes toward antibiotic resistance among clinical-stage students of medicine, midwifery, pharmacy, and nursing. We found that essential knowledge and attitudes should be revised regarding antibiotic resistance.

Female School Teachers' Knowledge Regarding Cervical Cancer

Cervical cancer is a globally leading cause of mortality and morbidity in females. It is a curable cancer if diagnosed in the early stage. Lack of awareness of screening methods, risk factors, and early symptoms may lead to a late diagnosis. This study aimed to assess the knowledge regarding cervical cancer among female school teachers. A cross-sectional study design was adopted to assess the knowledge regarding cervical cancer among 106 female teachers. A non-probability purposive sampling technique was used to select the sample. Data was collected using a structured self-administered questionnaire and subsequently entered into IBM SPSS version 22 for analysis. The findings of the study revealed that the mean age was 30.45±3.911 and the majority of respondents were married (95.3%). Similarly, 72.6% of respondents had bachelor-level education, and 12.3% respondents had a family history of cervical cancer. Regarding the level of knowledge, the majority (64.2%) had a good level of knowledge, 25.5% had moderate level of knowledge, and 10.4% had poor level of knowledge. There was a significant association between levels of knowledge and religion (p=0.006). Findings indicate that a substantial percentage of respondents possess a good level of knowledge on cervical cancer.

DEVELOPMENT OF ONLINE - BASED BEGINNER JOURNALISM LEARNING MODULES

The aim of developing an online-based journalism training module is to determine the effectiveness of using the module to improve online news writing skills. The research uses the Dick and Carey model. The target of the research was a small group of 7 journalists, and a large group of 15 journalists. Test targets for novice journalists on the Tribunjambi.com portal. The results of the small group test stated that it was good 50. Very good 48 and quite good 7. It was concluded that the module helped journalists write online news. In the large group test, the most statements were very good, there were 195. 26 statements were good and 4 statements were quite good. There are visible differences in the results of the small and large group choices. The results of small group tests are often selected as good statements. The results of the large group test after the revision of the module stated that many people chose very good. This means that the results of this trial after the module was revised were at a very good level, because 87 percent of the training participants chose statements in the very good category.