Good Design Principles Research Articles

Written information about retinopathy of prematurity in Aotearoa New Zealand: identification, review and opportunities for improvement.

The aims of this research include adapting a patient information tool for whānau (extended family) Māori needs, identifying and reviewing written information provided for the retinopathy of prematurity eye examination (ROPEE) and identifying improvements to ROPEE written information. ROPEE patient information (printed leaflets, website, app) was obtained from all tertiary neonatal intensive care units in Aotearoa New Zealand (Aotearoa). Information was reviewed using an adapted "20 good-design principles" guide and given a star rating and Flesch-Kincaid readability score to identify acceptability and usability for patients. Seven ROPEE information materials were reviewed and varied in alignment with the adapted good-design principles tool. Based on the adapted good-design principles, opportunities were identified in many aspects of the written information for improvement, including words and language, tone and meaning, content and design. The Flesch-Kincaid grade level reading scores ranged from 12-22 years reading age. Written information also did not use te reo Māori (Aotearoa Indigenous language) or extensively use Māori imagery. Opportunities exist to improve ROPEE whānau information, including making content more readable, understandable and visually appealing. Optimising the clinical information on ROPEE nationally for Aotearoa will support whānau decision making, and aligning written information with Māori (Indigenous peoples of Aotearoa) is a priority.

A Collaborative Code Platform with Advanced AI Features and Real-Time Collaboration Tools

Abstract: Good collaboration and code management are crucial in today's software development environment. Our research has launched a new collaborative process that combines AI resources, including AI and global research, to improve products and enhance and facilitate collaboration. The platform features real-time collaboration tools such as dynamic text with multilanguage support, dialog functionality, and notepad functionality. With OAuth authentication, users can seamlessly perform CRUD operations on files and directories, share code repositories, and participate in live coding sessions. The platform supports compilation and execution of a code file and follows good design principles such as caching, microservices architecture, and containerization to ensure scalability and performance. The platform focuses on user experience by providing simple user interface design and easy interface navigation. Users can create workspaces, share them collaboratively, and seamlessly import repositories from Git. The platform's intelligent data manager helps manage files and directories, while the collaborative platform allows developers to collaborate on code libraries efficiently. The platform is modern web-based, using React on the frontend and Node.js on the backend; Supported with syntax highlighting and smart initialization along with Socket.io for runtime with SQL and NoSQL databases. Provides comprehensive language support. All progress is saved, providing users with peace of mind. While the basic design is for desktops, future iterations are expected to support mobile devices.

PartLabeling: A Label Management Framework in 3D Space

In this work, we focus on the label layout problem: specifying the positions of overlaid virtual annotations in Virtual/Augmented Reality scenarios. Designing a layout of labels that does not violate domain-specific design requirements, while at the same time satisfying aesthetic and functional principles of good design, can be a daunting task even for skilled visual designers. Presenting the annotations in 3D object space instead of projection space, allows for the preservation of spatial and depth cues. This results in stable layouts in dynamic environments, since the annotations are anchored in 3D space. In this paper we make two major contributions. First, we propose a technique for managing the layout and rendering of annotations in Virtual/Augmented Reality scenarios by manipulating the annotations directly in 3D space. For this, we make use of Artificial Potential Fields and use 3D geometric constraints to adapt them in 3D space. Second, we introduce PartLabeling: an open source platform in the form of a web application that acts as a much-needed generic framework allowing to easily add labeling algorithms and 3D models. This serves as a catalyst for researchers in this field to make their algorithms and implementations publicly available, as well as ensure research reproducibility. The PartLabeling framework relies on a dataset that we generate as a subset of the original PartNet dataset [17] consisting of models suitable for the label management task. The dataset consists of 1,000 3D models with part annotations.

«ХОРОШИЙ ДИЗАЙН» В ПРОСТРАНСТВЕ МЕТАВСЕЛЕННОЙ: К ПОСТА-НОВКЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ

The article actualizes design modernist principles of "good design" in the new operational, functional and semantic space of the meta-universe. The meta-universe is problematized and critically analyzed in the broad context of technological substitution, marketization, interoperability, and other socially significant phenomena of the real and digital environment. We have conducted a comparative analysis of the principles of good design by Dieter Rams and Adobe corp.; considered the current debate in science, experts and the public on the prospects of the meta-universe development, opportunities and risks associated with the design of competing with architecture; outlined urgent tasks to address problems and challenges in the selected problem area. Good design is considered as a key theoretical concept of contemporary (trendy) design, the required intellectual and humanitarian basis for conceptual management and the formation of aesthetic and ethical standards of the new socio-economic and cultural reality that the meta-universe opens

How does anthropomorphism improve human-AI interaction satisfaction: a dual-path model

With the development of artificial intelligence technology, the application of anthropomorphism has been established as a good design principle. However, the effectiveness of anthropomorphism in smart home assistants is still unclear, as is the mechanism influencing interaction satisfaction. Therefore, we have categorized the anthropomorphic cues of smart home assistants into four dimensions: visual, identity, emotional, and auditory, and constructed a dual-path influence mechanism model of anthropomorphism on interaction satisfaction. Furthermore, we also consider the different influences of different usage contexts. Through two experimental studies, the results show that, in the intimacy influence path, the emotional cue and auditory cue can directly improve interaction satisfaction, and they can further improve interaction satisfaction by affecting intimacy. However, the visual cue has no significant direct effect on interaction satisfaction. The visual cue mainly improves interaction satisfaction through the intermediate effect of intimacy. In the privacy invasion influence path, the emotional cue and auditory cue also further affect interaction satisfaction by affecting privacy invasion. However, the impact of the visual cue and identity cue on privacy invasion was not valid. The study is expected to provide practical guidance for product designers to realize the long-term feasibility and sustainability of products.

A hybrid novel fuzzy AHP-TOPSIS technique for selecting parameter-influencing testing in software development

Software testing is one of the most important phases in the software development life cycle. Software testing cannot ensure successful outcomes until and unless done perfectly. For enhanced testing, it is extremely important to identify and prioritize the parameters that influence the testing process. Prioritization of Parameter-Influencing Testing (PIT) to ensure the testing environment’s reliability has piqued industry practitioners’ interest. A structured framework for the prioritization of PIT will result in the timely and successful execution of the software testing process. A case study for optimal PIT selection and ranking is conducted to address this problem by devising a hybrid technique based on a Fuzzy-Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Fuzzy-Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). In the proposed framework, the linguistic data obtained from the industry experts are represented as triangular fuzzy numbers used to quantify the expert’s uncertainty in the assessment of PITs with respect to selection criteria. Furthermore, the fuzzy set is integrated into the AHP to determine the selection criteria weights. Finally, a fuzzy TOPSIS is used for ranking PITs. The results reveal that ‘Automated Testing’, ‘Verification/Validation’and ‘Good Design Principles’ are the crucial PITs. The results of this study will aid industry experts in determining the applicability of PITs and demonstrating the efficacy of the proposed framework for the PITs evaluation and ranking.

Effects of A-site Cations in Quadruple Perovskite Ruthenates on Oxygen Evolution Catalysis in Acidic Aqueous Solutions.

The quadruple perovskite ruthenate CaCu3 Ru4 O12 is more active and stable than the benchmark catalyst RuO2 in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in acidic aqueous solutions, where many oxide-based catalysts are dissolved. Studies on the crystal structures of quadruple perovskite ruthenates are rare, and the origin of OER activity or stability from a structural aspect hasnot been clarified in detail. This presents the need to study the effects of cations at the A site of quadruple perovskite ruthenates ACu3 Ru4 O12 (A= Ca, Sr, La, Nd, and Ce) on the OER catalytic activity and stability in acidic aqueous solutions. CaCu3 Ru4 O12 has the highest activity and stability among all quadruple perovskite samples. The type of cation at the A site changes the average Cu and Ru valence states, and the plot of OER activity versus the average Cu valence number shows a volcano-type relationship. In addition, stability increases with a decrease in Ru-O bond length. This research provides a good design principle for OER catalysts with high activity and stability in severely acidic aqueous solutions.

Designing a Dashboard for HIV-data Reporting Performance by Facilities: Case Study of Kenya.

Health management information systems implemented in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) have provided availability of HIV-data. As such, dashboards have become increasingly popular as they provide a potentially powerful avenue for deriving insights at glance. This promotes use of data for decision-making by various stakeholders such as Ministries of Health as well as international donor organizations. Nonetheless, despite the use of dashboards in LMICs, their potential may go unrealized with underutilization of good design principles. In various LMICs, health facilities are required to submit HIV-indicator data on time for its use in decision-making. Hence, dashboards can be utilized in assessing facility reporting performance overtime in order to identify where interventions are needed. In this study, we applied good design principles in developing a dashboard, which presents the performance of facilities in reporting HIV-indicator data overtime (2011-2018). Timeliness and completeness in reporting were used as performance indicators and were extracted from the District Health Information Software Version 2 (DHIS2) in Kenya. Results for the system usability scale used in evaluating the dashboard was 87, which meant the dashboard usability was good.

Applying ethics to AI in the workplace: the design of a scorecard for Australian workplace health and safety

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is taking centre stage in economic growth and business operations alike. Public discourse about the practical and ethical implications of AI has mainly focussed on the societal level. There is an emerging knowledge base on AI risks to human rights around data security and privacy concerns. A separate strand of work has highlighted the stresses of working in the gig economy. This prevailing focus on human rights and gig impacts has been at the expense of a closer look at how AI may be reshaping traditional workplace relations and, more specifically, workplace health and safety. To address this gap, we outline a conceptual model for developing an AI Work Health and Safety (WHS) Scorecard as a tool to assess and manage the potential risks and hazards to workers resulting from AI use in a workplace. A qualitative, practice-led research study of AI adopters was used to generate and test a novel list of potential AI risks to worker health and safety. Risks were identified after cross-referencing Australian AI Ethics Principles and Principles of Good Work Design with AI ideation, design and implementation stages captured by the AI Canvas, a framework otherwise used for assessing the commercial potential of AI to a business. The unique contribution of this research is the development of a novel matrix itemising currently known or anticipated risks to the WHS and ethical aspects at each AI adoption stage.

An efficient heuristic algorithm for software module clustering optimization

In the lifecycle of software projects, maintenance tasks usually entail 75% of the total costs, where most efforts are spent in understanding the program. To improve the maintainability of software projects, the code is often divided into components, which are then grouped in different modules following good design principles, lowering coupling and increasing cohesion. The Software Module Clustering Problem (SMCP) is an optimization problem that looks for maximizing the modularity of software projects in the context of Search-Based Software Engineering. In the SMCP, projects are often modeled as graphs. Therefore, the SMCP can be interpreted as a graph partitioning problem, which is proved to be NP-hard. In this work, we propose a new heuristic algorithm for software modularization, based on a Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure with Variable Neighborhood Descent. We present a three-fold categorization of neighborhoods for the SMCP and leverage domain-specific information to filter unpromising solutions. Our proposal has been successfully tested over a dataset of real software projects, outperforming the previous state-of-the-art approach in terms of Modularization Quality in very short computing times. Therefore, it could be integrated in software development tools to improve the quality of software projects in real time.

TINJAUAN UNSUR VISUAL DESAIN POSTER IKLAN LAYANAN MASYARAKAT ‘YUK KURANGI SAMPAH PLASTIK MU’

Poster as a medium that serves to convey information to the wider community with the aim of raising awareness and being able to change people's behavior in a better direction for the common good or social in nature. The purpose of this research is to review the visual aspects of the poster design for the Public Service Advertisement of the Ministry of Tourism, Creative Economy of the Republic of Indonesia (Kemenparekraf RI ) 'Let's Reduce Your Plastic Waste!'. The concept and idea of ​​this poster is based on the habit of disposing of garbage for local tourists who visit tourist attractions. In general, the problem of waste is very complicated and difficult to overcome, moreover the habit of people who often throw garbage has become a culture and culture. Therefore, the Indonesian Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy formulated the concept of the environment (environmental sustainability) through the embodiment of the Public Service Advertisement poster design. The results obtained from this study are the design of this poster design has applied the principles of good graphic design, so that messages and information are easily conveyed. Through this poster, it is hoped that the public will be more aware of the dangers of excessive use of plastic waste and littering. This must be applied in everyday life so that the environment is clean and its beauty is maintained.

Redesain Visual Identity Gofha Studio Parfume

Gofha studio Perfume is a business engaged in perfume refills in Payakumbuh. This business was founded by Taufik Hidayat on October 28, 2010. Gofha studio Parfume is located at Jl. Tan Malaka, Parik Muko Aie, Payakumbuh Lamposi Tigo Nagori, Payakumbuh City, West Sumatra 26219. Fundamental problems Business identity is not yet optimal, there is still no identity contained in the Gofha logo, and has not applied good and correct design principles. The purpose of this Visual Identity Redesign is to create a visual identity by implementing excellent design principles. therefore, it will give a strong identity and present a new face of the business that is expected to increase sales results in the future. The Glass Box approach, which is a rational thinking method, was employed as the analytical method, and the analysis used is SWOT. This design resulted in a Manual Book as the main media containing the Visual Identity Redesign designs starting from Thumbnails, Moodboards, concepts, grid systems, typography, colors. Supporting media is in the form of business cards, letters, stamps, posters, x-banners, T-shirts, paper bags, stickers, perfume bottles.Keywords: Redesign, Visual Identity, Gofha studio Parfume

Implementing game requirements using design patterns

AbstractGame mechanics are high‐level descriptions of common game requirements; however, they do not provide any guidance on their code implementation. Nevertheless, their implementation involves high volumes of essential complexity, which in turn leads to the introduction of accidental complexity (long methods, code repetition, etc.). A possible solution to this problem is to map game mechanics to design patterns, in order to provide template instantiations that handle structural complexity. The aim of this study is twofold: (a) introduce template instantiations of game mechanics with Gang of Four (GoF) patterns and (b) evaluate such mappings in terms of extendibility and reusability. To achieve these objectives, we developed an online repository of mappings between GoF patterns and game mechanics and conducted an experiment to explore the benefits of the mapping. The results of the study suggest that the implementation of game mechanics with GoF patterns is beneficial, because the time to extent the current implementation or reuse code chunks is not prolonged, whereas the implementations are less faulty. Finally, the suggested mapping will equip game mechanics with sample implementations (that adhere to good design principles—ensuring extendibility) that can be reused, acting as a starting point for source code development.

The Design of RenderMan.

The design of RenderMan was driven by the requirements of rendering for the movies. The rendered images could have no digital artifacts and they had to be able to be composited seamlessly with live-action footage. This article recounts the development of RenderMan. It tells the story of the invention of the fundamental architecture and algorithms, the application of good engineering and design principles, RenderMan's use in feature films, the long-term influence of the RenderMan Shading Language on real-time graphics and high-performance computing, and, where the name came from.

Mining guidelines for architecting robotics software

Context:The Robot Operating System (ROS) is the de-facto standard for robotics software. However, ROS-based systems are getting larger and more complex and could benefit from good software architecture practices. Goal:We aim at (i) unveiling the state-of-the-practice in terms of targeted quality attributes and architecture documentation in ROS-based systems, and (ii) providing empirically-grounded guidance to roboticists about how to properly architect ROS-based systems. Methods:We designed and conducted an observational study where we (i) built a dataset of 335 GitHub repositories containing real open-source ROS-based systems, and (ii) mined the repositories to extract and synthesize quantitative and qualitative findings about how roboticists are architecting ROS-based systems. Results:First, we extracted an empirically-grounded overview of the state of the practice for architecting and documenting ROS-based systems. Second, we synthesized a catalog of 47 architecting guidelines for ROS-based systems. Third, the extracted guidelines were validated by 119 roboticists working on real-world open-source ROS-based systems. Conclusion:Roboticists can use our architecting guidelines for applying good design principles to develop robots that meet quality requirements, and researchers can use our results as evidence-based indications about how real-world ROS systems are architected today, thus inspiring future research contributions.

Design Thinking for Sustainable Development

The complexity of environmental and sustainability challenges has created an ongoing need for innovative and integrated approaches to address them. Design disciplines have a long history. The method “design thinking”, originally applied in architecture, engineering and business, has led to new and creative problem solving, thus creating much potential for use in sustainable development planning. While principles of good design are well established, there has been limited integration of design thinking with environmental science, sustainable development planning and education.
 This research was focused on how a sustainability approach can be merged with design thinking to develop socially responsible and environmentally sustainable products and services. The case study has been carried out in the master’s study course Sustainable Development Planning. Some of basic principles and stages of design thinking, such as empathy, creativity, collaboration, responsibility and interdisciplinary approach have been tested by using students project work evaluation regarding certain criteria and survey after the study course.
 The first results of approbated design thinking principles and methods, significant advantages and disadvantages and the perspective of using this method have been analysed and discussed. As the result from this study proposals for the improvement of the content of this study course and related study courses (a study course on sustainable development issues is compulsory in all undergraduate study programs in Latvia) and for the specification of test tasks have been developed, considering also future needs to provide the study course remotely.

Provision and Need for Medicine Information in Asia and Africa: A Scoping Review of the Literature.

Published reviews of written medicine information (WMI) have mainly drawn on studies published in high-income countries, including very few Asian or African studies. We therefore set out to scope the research literature to determine the extent and type of studies concerning WMI for patients/consumers across these two continents. We sought empirical studies published between January 2004 and December 2019, conducted in any Asian or African country, as defined by the United Nations, in English or with an English abstract. The majority of the 923 papers identified were from high-income countries. We retained 26 papers from Africa and 99 from Asia. Most African studies (n = 20) involved patients in the development of PILs, in the assessment of the effectiveness of PILs or in surveys. In contrast, the highest proportion of Asian studies concerned the content of WMI (n = 42). WMI is desired, but needs to be in local languages, and there needs to be more use made of pre-tested pictograms. Existing WMI frequently does not meet local regulatory requirements, particularly locally manufactured products. A number of studies reported potentially positive impacts of providing WMI on knowledge and medicine use behaviours. Provision of medicine information is essential for safe use of medicines in all countries. Internationally agreed guidelines, incorporating good design principles, are needed to ensure the optimal content and design of WMI. The World Health Organization should support African and Asian regulatory bodies to share best practice in relation to WMI for patients/consumers and to develop and implement pan-continental guidelines that take into account consumer needs and preferences.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40264-020-01038-8.

Restructuring Object-Oriented Software Systems Using Various Aspects of Class Information

Frequent modifications in a software system generally deteriorate the design of the source code and consequently increase the complexity of the system. In object-oriented software, one of the symptoms of design degradation is that the package structure of the source code drifts away from design principles. To improve the deteriorated design, systems are generally restructured by reorganizing the classes into packages based on good design principles. Coupling and cohesion are the two important package design principles widely used to assess software design quality. Most of the existing package restructuring approaches use either structural, lexical, or change history class information to compute coupling and cohesion of software system. Moreover, these approaches compute coupling and cohesion without considering multiple dimensions of structural, lexical, and change history information. In this article, we utilize different types of structural, lexical and change history class information and integrate them as per their relative importance to compute coupling and cohesion. To automate the restructuring process, we formulate the restructuring problem as a multi-objective optimization problem and solve it by using non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II). The proposed approach is applied to five object-oriented software applications. The obtained restructuring is compared with authoritative restructuring and restructuring suggested by external developers. The obtained restructuring is also compared with some existing multi-objective software restructuring approaches. Overall, findings indicate that the proposed approach can be a good approach to improve the design of software systems whose quality is under suspicion.

Focus on Data: Statistical Design of Experiments and Sample Size Selection Using Power Analysis.

PurposeTo provide information to visual scientists on how to optimally design experiments and how to select an appropriate sample size, which is often referred to as a power analysis.MethodsStatistical guidelines are provided outlining good principles of experimental design, including replication, randomization, blocking or grouping of subjects, multifactorial design, and sequential approach to experimentation. In addition, principles of power analysis for calculating required sample size are outlined for different experimental designs and examples are given for calculating power and factors influencing it.ResultsThe interaction between power, sample size and standardized effect size are shown. The following results are also provided: sample size increases with power, sample size increases with decreasing detectable difference, sample size increases proportionally to the variance, and two-sided tests, without preference as to whether the mean increases or decreases, require a larger sample size than one-sided tests.ConclusionsThis review outlines principles for good experimental design and methods for power analysis for typical sample size calculations that visual scientists encounter when designing experiments of normal and non-Gaussian sample distributions.

A Generic Pattern-based Design for Distributed Collaborative Editors

With the advent of information sharing technologies, users can share and collaborate in performing common tasks through the use of distributed collaborative applications. Specifically, Distributed Collaborative Editors (DCE) are more and more used in many fields including healthcare, education, software engineering, military, etc. However, all proposed DCE frameworks focused on coordination algorithms, i.e. how to ensure data convergence, while very little attention was given to addressing the design of DCE which shall be the fundamental step for DCE frameworks construction. In this article, we analyze and design DCE as the structure of five layers comprising classifiers, relations among them, and their main properties. We contribute in two areas. First, we define a generic DCE architecture that captures organization, business and software aspects of DCE. Secondly, we propose a pattern-based design that emphasizes good design principles for the business core of DCE. This design will allow DCE researchers and developers to converge towards the same generic framework while improving the quality and performance of proposed DCE applications and tools.