Good Abrasive Wear Resistance Research Articles

UDDEHOLM VANADIS 23 SUPERCLEAN

Abstract Uddeholm Vanadis 23 SuperClean is a chromium-molybdenum-tungsten-vanadium high speed tool steel that is produced by the powder metallurgy process. This steel is similar to Type M3, Class 2 high speed tool steel, and combines high compressive strength with good abrasive wear resistance. It is suitable for demanding cold work applications like blanking of harder materials like carbon steel or cold rolled strip steel and for cutting tools. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and elasticity. It also includes information on heat treating, machining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: TS-820. Producer or source: Uddeholms AB (a voestalpine company).

Heat treatment effect on ledeburite alloys wear resistance

The quenching heating temperature effect on the amount of retained austenite, the austenite stability from the strain martensitic transformation, as well as the hardening ability and abrasion resistance of high-carbon chromium ledeburite alloys (95Kh18 and 260Kh16M2 cast iron) have been investigated. The γ → α transformation and micro-TRIP-effect on the working surface of the alloys, a dissipative structure with a high degree of friction hardening and good abrasive wear resistance have been formed in this alloys.

UDDEHOLM SVERKER 3

Abstract Uddeholm Sverker 3 is a high-carbon, chromium-tungsten, alloy cold-work tool steel. It is suitable for medium and long run tooling in applications where a very good abrasive wear resistance is needed. Uddeholm Sverker 3 contains large carbides, which are advantageous for abrasive wear resistance but which reduce chipping resistance. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and compressive strength. It also includes information on heat treating. Filing Code: TS-797. Producer or Source: Uddeholms AB.

DEUTSCHE EDELSTAHLWERKE CRYODUR 2080

Abstract Deutsche Edelstahlwerke Cryodur 2080 is a high-carbon (2%), high-chromium (12%), alloy cold-work tool steel that is suitable for medium run tooling in applications where a very good abrasive wear resistance is needed but where demands on chipping resistance are small. This datasheet provides information on composition, hardness, and elasticity. It also includes information on forming and heat treating. Filing Code: TS-792. Producer or source: Deutsche Edelstahlwerke Specialty Steel GmbH.

CRUCIBLE AIRDI 150

Abstract Crucible Airdi 150 is an air-hardening, high-carbon (1.5%), high-chromium (12%), alloy cold work tool steel that also contains molybdenum and vanadium. It is suitable for applications that require very good abrasive wear resistance. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and elasticity. It also includes information on machining and joining. Filing Code: TS-790. Producer or source: Crucible Industries LLC.

BÖHLER K100

Abstract Böhler K100 is a high-carbon, high-chromium (12%), alloy cold-work tool steel that is suitable for medium run tooling in applications where a very good abrasive wear resistance is needed but where demands on chipping resistance are small. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and elasticity. It also includes information on forming and machining. Filing Code: TS-788. Producer or source: voestalpine Böhler Edelstahl GmbH & Co.

Influence of glow plasma Co-based alloying layer on sliding wear and fretting wear resistance of titanium alloy

Abstract The tribological properties of a Ti6Al4V alloy surface were improved via glow plasma alloying with Co-based alloys. The influence of different target geometries on the thickness of these layers, the sliding and fretting wear resistance as well as the tribological mechanism of the coatings were determined. The low friction coefficient as well as the good fatigue wear, abrasive wear, and adhesive wear resistance of CoCrW layer were attributed to its high toughness, excellent loading capability, appropriate thickness, and high hardness. Furthermore, the CoCrMo layer had lower toughness and loading capability than CoCrW; therefore, the CoCrMo alloyed layer exhibited better sliding wear resistance, but poor fretting wear resistance.

Three-body abrasive wear by (silica) sand of advanced polymeric coatings for tilting pad bearings

Aromatic Thermosetting Polyester (ATSP)-based coatings exhibit extremely low wear rates (4.15×10-8mm3/Nm) under boundary lubrication simulating tilting pad bearings in harsh conditions. It is acknowledged that coatings’ resistance to abrasive particles encountered in the bearing is also critical; the abrasive wear resistance of ATSP-based coatings and polyether ether ketone(PEEK)-based coatings are studied in this work using an accelerated wear experimental configuration with submerged lubrication and 2% weight of silica sand. The coatings’ performance is compared with bare substrate (C182000 chromium copper) material. The results demonstrate that ATSP-based coatings have good abrasive wear resistance and very stable coefficient of friction (COF) because of their elastic deformation and a black tribo-layer that forms on the surface. ATSP-based coatings exhibit higher wear rate after adding the silica sand, while the wear rate of PEEK-based coating decreased with silica sand compared with no silica sand condition due to silica sand working as solid lubricant. The abrasive wear mechanism of ATSP was studied by varying the duration of experiments between 3420m and 13,680m, different silica sand size particles and different pin materials; scanning electron microscopy (SEM), micro-scratch testing and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to verify the wear mechanisms.

Abrasive wear characteristics of Fe-2C-5Cr-5Mo-5W-5Nb multi-component white cast iron

Recently, many researchers have studied on the variety of alloys and tempt to develop wear resistant materials. Multi-component white cast iron has been reported to exhibit good erosive wear and abrasive wear resistance. Niobium (Nb) is also one of the carbide-forming elements in the same manner as vanadium (V), but not much is known about the effect on the wear resistance by Nb addition into the cast irons. Therefore, multi-component white cast irons with about 2 mass% carbon (C) and about 5 mass% chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W) and V or Nb with 0, 5 mass% cobalt (Co) were prepared as the experimental materials in this study.As results, the amount of wear loss of the multi-component white cast irons containing Nb is less compared to that of the multi-component white cast irons containing V, showing good abrasive wear resistance. Especially, material 5Nb-5Co showed the best abrasive wear resistance. Area ratio of eutectic carbides and secondary carbides in any of the specimens were at the same level. However, eutectic MC carbide of multi-component cast iron containing Nb was larger as compared to that of multi-component cast iron containing V, showing higher resistance to the contact with the abrasive grains. Therefore, it was suggested that by adding Nb as an alternative to V, it's possible to develop a new wear resistant material.

Effect of graphite addition on the microstructure, hardness and abrasive wear behavior of plasma sprayed NiCrBSi coatings

Plasma sprayed coatings have been considered as one of the important surface modification processes to improve the tribological properties of materials used in extreme conditions. NiCrBSi composite coatings on stainless steel are known to offer good abrasive wear resistance in service conditions. Graphite is the material which has many potential advantages when processed and used in different forms. This paper describes the effect of graphite addition on the microstructure; hardness and abrasive wear behavior of plasma sprayed NiCrBSi coatings. The mechanical and tribological properties of the coatings can be significantly improved by refinement of grain structure of the coatings. The XRD results show that the NiCrBSi–graphite composite coatings are mainly composed of γ-Ni, CrB and Cr7C3. With addition of graphite, phases such as CrB, Cr7C3 emerge in composite coating. The study was conducted, using an abrasive wear test rig according to ASTM G65 on uncoated as well as coated SS304 samples at room temperature. The samples were analyzed for volume loss and wear rate with respect to increasing content of graphite in the coatings. The results suggest that addition of graphite in the coatings resulted in reduction of volume loss and wear rate significantly. The NiCrBSi–8 wt %C composite coating presents excellent abrasion resistance.

Comprehensive Assessment of Polymeric Materials for Foundry Tooling Used in Microwave Field

AbstractThe paper presents a research on abrasion resistance of selected construction materials designed for foundry tooling applied in the innovative microwave heating process of moulding and core sands. One of the main selection criteria of the materials for foundry tooling, in particular for models, moulding boards, moulding boxes and core boxes, is their good abrasive wear resistance. Usability of the selected polymeric materials, designed for foundry tooling used in electromagnetic field, is decided also by other evaluation criteria determined in the examinations, like thermal resistance and electrical properties. Abrasion resistance of the selected materials was determined for three grades of the moulding sand matrixes. Combined analysis of the determined abrasion resistance, considering also electrical properties and thermal resistance of the foundry tooling materials, characterising their usability for microwave heating of moulding and core sands, will make possible their systemising with respect to effectiveness and efficiency of the heating process, taking under consideration durability of such foundry tooling to be used in industrial conditions.

Three-Body Abrasive Wear Behavior of Basalt and Glass Fabric Reinforced Epoxy Composites

Three-body abrasive wear behavior of basalt–epoxy (B–E) and glass–epoxy (G–E) composites have been investigated using Dry sand rubber wheel abrasion resistance for various abrading distance, viz., 150, 300, 450 and 600m and different loads(22N and 32N) at 200 rpm. The weight loss and specific wear rate as a function of load and abrading distance were determined. The weight loss increases with increasing load and also with abrading distance while the specific wear rate decreases with increase in abrading distance and increases with the load. Better abrasion wear resistance was observed in B-E composite compared to G–E composite. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) is used to examine the abraded composite specimens and revealed that the more damage occur to glass fiber compared to basalt fiber. Also good interfacial adhesion was observed between epoxy and basalt fiber which leads to good abrasive wear resistance.

Research on the Cutting Performance of ZrN Coated Tools

Arc ion plating technique PVD ZrN coatings were deposited on YT15 cemented carbide. Microstructural and fundamental properties of the ZrN coatings were examined. The ZrN coated tools (DZ and GZZ) showed much better cutting performance compared to the YT15 uncoated cemented carbide, which is connected with their large hardness increase, and good abrasive wear resistance. The wear surface features of the coatings were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Results showed that the PVD ZrN coatings onto the cemented carbide substrate show high hardness and good adhesion with the substrate. Abrasive wear was found to be the predominant flank wear mechanism for the ZrN coated tools. While the mechanisms responsible for the rake wear were determined to be adhesion.

<i>In situ</i> Synthesis of Ceramic Phase Reinforced Fe-Based Alloy Surface Coating by PTA

The in-situ ceramic phases reinforced Fe-based surface coating had been produced by prepared high-carbon ferrochromium, ferrovanadium and graphite power on 20g steel through plasma transferred arc weld-surfacing process(PTA). The microstructure and properties were investigated by means of optical microscopy(op), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and microhardness meter. The results showed that the substrate and the coating formed good metallurgical bonding.The microstructure of coating consists of primary M7C3 carbide and eutectic structures[M+γ′+M7C3+VC]. The primary hexagonal (Fe,Cr,V)7C3 with larger size evenly distributed in coating and the fine VC particles were globular shape. The microhardness appeared reasonable distribution from substrate to the top ,which ensured that the materials had good abrasive wear resistance.

Possibility of the Abrasive Wear Resistance Determination with Scratch Tester

Abrasion wear resistance is very important in many applications and it is not a surprise that there are many laboratory test methods for its determination. In this article, a possibility of the abrasive wear resistance determination with scratch tester, as a relatively easy and quick test method, was analysed and compared with the standard test method for pin abrasion testing (ASTM G 132). Materials used in the tests were: two ferrous-based coatings (deposited on an Al–Si alloy substrate with atmospheric plasma spraying), two aluminium-based composite materials with 10 wt% of Al2O3 reinforcements (produced with compocasting technique) and grey cast iron, known as a material with good abrasive wear resistance. Coefficient of friction and wear of the samples were investigated with both abrasion wear test methods and analysed in correlation with their mechanical properties.

Experimental investigation on the abrasive wear behavior of nanoclay‐filled EVA/LDPE composites

AbstractThe article presents the results of experimental investigation on three‐body abrasive wear behavior of nanoclay‐filled EVA/LDPE (NC‐EVA/LDPE) composites. NC‐EVA/LDPE composites with and without compatibilizer were prepared by Brabender Co‐Twin extruder (Make: CMEI, Model: 16CME, SPL) and poly(ethylene‐co‐glycidyl methacrylate) was used as the compatibilizer. The mechanical properties were evaluated using Universal testing machine. In three‐body wear tests, silica sand particles of size 200–250 μm were used as dry and loose abrasives. Three‐body abrasive wear studies were carried out using dry sand/rubber wheel abrasion test rig. The effect of abrading distance on the abrasive wear behavior of neat EVA, EVA/LDPE, and NC‐EVA/LDPE composites was reported. The results showed that the wear volume loss is increased with increase in abrading distance and the specific wear rate decreased with increase in abrading distance. However, the presence of nanoclay filler in EVA/LDPE composite showed a promising trend. Abrasive wear volume of the composites was correlated with mechanical properties such as hardness, tensile strength, and percentage elongation. However, higher weight percentage of LDPE in EVA increased the wear rate. The results indicate that NC‐EVA/LDPE with compatibilizer composite exhibits good abrasive wear resistance compared with NC‐EVA/LDPE without compatibilizer. Attempts to explain these differing trends are made in this work by analyzing the features observed on the worn surface samples by employing scanning electron microscopy (SEM). POLYM. COMPOS., 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers

Friction and wear behaviors of the PVD ZrN coated carbide in sliding wear tests and in machining processes

Medium-frequency magnetron sputtered PVD ZrN coatings were deposited on YG6 (WC + 6 wt% Co) cemented carbide. Microstructural and fundamental properties of the ZrN coatings were examined. Sliding wear tests against hardened steel using the ring-block method and dry machining tests on hardened steel were carried out with these coated materials. The friction coefficient and wear rates were measured. The wear surface features of the coatings were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Results showed that the PVD ZrN coatings onto the cemented carbide substrate show high hardness and good adhesion with the substrate. The friction coefficient of the sliding couples increased with the applied load and the sliding distance. Failures of the ZrN coating occur down to the carbide substrate under high load conditions or with long sliding distance in sliding wear tests, and are accompanied by the extensive abrasive wear on the substrate owing to the wear debris. The ZrN coated tools showed much better cutting performance compared to the YG6 uncoated carbide, which is connected with their large hardness increase, and good abrasive wear resistance. Abrasive wear was found to be the predominant flank wear mechanism for the ZrN coated tools. While the mechanisms responsible for the rake wear were determined to be adhesion.

Abrasive wear behavior of sintered steels prepared with MoS 2 addition

Sintered steels containing molybdenum di sulphide powders were developed for application as bearings, gears, connecting rods, etc. Abrasive wear characteristics of these materials are investigated as the machine elements also need to have a good abrasive wear resistance. Materials with base composition Fe–C–Cu and Fe–C–Cu–Ni containing varying levels of MoS 2 were developed from elemental powders. Compressive strength, hardness and density are influenced by the addition of MoS 2. Abrasive wear tests were conducted by sliding against the SiC abrasive sheet at room temperature. MoS 2 added material exhibited a high coefficient of friction and good wear resistance compared to the base composition. The artificial neural network model developed predicts the wear volumes, which are in agreement with the experimentally measured data.

Evaluation of abrasive wear of ductile cast iron in a single pass pendulum device

The abrasive wear resistance of ductile cast iron with different matrix microstructures (ferrite, pearlite, bainite and martensite) was studied under instrumented single-pass pendulum sclerometry testing. This technique uses only one abrasive particle with known geometry and the abrasive wear event can be isolated, providing fundamental information on the interaction between the particle and the material. The testing conditions selected were equivalent to those usually found on ore processing or dirt excavation machine components. Under these testing conditions high contact stresses and high deformation rates imposes extremely high strains on the material. The abrasion resistance was measured through the specific energy variation as a function of scratch depth that varied between 30 and 150 μm, corresponding to weight losses between 1 and 12 mg. The results demonstrated that the material response depends on the mechanical properties, on the microstructure and on the depth of penetration. For cast irons with hardness on the order of 300 HV and for scratches up to 60 μm deep, the best performance was obtained for pearlitic matrix. For cast irons with hardness on the order of 450 HV, the best resistance to abrasive wear was found in the material with bainitic matrix. The ductile iron with hardness >500 HV and with a tempered martensitic matrix did not present good abrasive wear resistance due to its low toughness.

Wear-Resistant Cobalt-Base Alloys

Cobalt-base alloys have enjoyed extensive use in wear-related engineering applications for well over 50 years because of their inherent high-strength, corrosion resistance, and ability to retain hardness at elevated temperatures. Microstructurally, wear-resistant cobalt-base alloys consist of hard particles (Cr7C3) dispersed in cobalt-rich (Co > 50%) solid solution matrix alloys (generally Co-Cr-W/Mo). Recent investigations in the Cabot Corporation Technology Laboratories have shown that the adhesive and cavitation-erosion wear characteristics of these alloys are determined by the composition of the matrix alloy and are influenced to a large extent by a strain-induce fee → hep allotropie transformation in the matrix alloy. Further, it has been shown that the cobalt content in the matrix alloy can be decreased to approximately 30% without significantly degrading relevant wear or corrosion properties. Toughness and abrasive wear resistance, on the other hand, are determined primarily by carbide volume fraction and morphology. Large, hypereutectic carbides are generally preferred for good abrasive wear resistance but are detrimental to toughness considerations. The tribological measurements and microstructural correlations associated with these Cabot investigations are summarized and discussed in this paper.