Golden Acre Research Articles

Level of Compliance on Operation Plan Sita in Golden Acres Subdivision Annex, Talon Uno Las Piñas City

Operation Plan Sita in Golden Acres Subdivision Annex, Talon Uno, Las Piñas City. In the determination of Level of Compliance of Operation Plan Sita in Golden Acres Subdivision Annex, Talon Uno Las Piñas City, it was divided into three (3) indicators: Oplan Sita Guidelines, Basic equipment needed at Oplan Sita and Oplan Sita Team. First, Oplan Sita Guidelines got a general weighted mean of 3.25 interpreted as Complied, PNP Personnel complies with the standards set by the Revised Philippine National Police Operational Procedures 2013, in terms of Oplan Sita Guidelines as perceived by the respondents of this study. Second, Basic equipment needed at Oplan Sita got a general weighted mean of 3.69 interpreted as Very Much Complied, it implies that PNP Personnel completely comply with the standards set by the Revised Philippine National Police Operational Procedures 2013, in terms of Basic equipment needed as perceived by the respondents of this study. Third, Oplan Sita Team got a general weighted mean of 3.42 interpreted as Very Much Complied which implies that PNP Personnel was Very much Complied in accordance with the standards set by the Revised Philippine National Police Operational Procedures 2013, in terms of Oplan Sita Team as perceived by the respondents of this study.

Studies on Genetic Divergence in Cabbage Genotypes in the Mid Hills of Solan District, Himachal Pradesh, India

Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) is one of the most important vegetables of the family Brassicaceae and is grown under temperate to tropical climatic conditions for its head in more than ninety countries throughout the world. The diversity in cabbage is immense due to the presence of variation in shape, size, weight and maturity of heads. The greater the variability in the available germplasm, more would be the chances for selecting superior genotypes for use in breeding programmes or direct use as cultivars. Twenty three genotypes of cabbage including check variety, Golden Acre were evaluated in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The results concluded that twenty-three diverse genotypes of cabbage were grouped into four clusters. The resultant four clusters showed genetic diversity and maximum number of genotypes were accommodated in cluster I (12) followed by II (7), IV (3) and III (1). The maximum inter cluster distance was recorded between cluster II and III, therefore, the hybridization between the genotypes of cluster II and III can be performed to get superior hybrids or recombinants in segregating populations for further breeding programmes. Based on the mean performance, genetic distance and clustering pattern, inter-varietal crosses can be made which may be advantageous in creating wider variability for better heterotic combinations and transgressive segregants in cabbage.

Varietal Effect on Plant Growth and Soil Moisture Content of Cabbage under Drip Irrigation Levels

An experiment was conducted for two Rabi seasons of year 2021-22 and 2022-23 on four irrigation levels (60 per cent, 80 per cent, 100 per cent and 120 per cent PE) and four varieties of cabbage (Golden Acre, Pusa Mukta, Pusa Cabbage -1 and Pusa Cabbage Hybrid-81) at College of Agriculture, SKRAU, Bikaner. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. Results showed that irrigation at 100 per cent PE was recorded significantly increased plant height (26.15, 25.66 and 25.91 cm)over 60 per cent and 80 per cent PE. The weight of head with unfolded leaves (1179.06, 1161.40 and 1170.23 g plant-1) and soil moisture content at 60 DAT(11.63, 11.30 and 11.46 per cent) were recorded significantly higher with 120 per cent PE over 60, 80 and 100 per cent PE irrigation levels in 2021-22 and 2022-23 and pooled mean basis, respectively. Among the varieties, plant height (25.62 cm) was recorded significantly higher with Pusa Mukta over the Pusa Cabbage -1 and Pusa Cabbage Hybrid -81 during both the years and pooled mean basis. The significantly maximum weight of head with unfolded leaves (940.65 g plant-1) was recorded under the variety of Pusa Mukta campared to other varieties on pooled mean basis. Soil moisture content was not significantly affected with different cabbage varieties during both the experimental years.

Bio-Efficacy of Novel Insecticides and Biopesticides against Diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostella (Linn.)

The present investigation entitled ‘bio-efficacy of Novel insecticides and bio-pesticides against Diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Linn.) was carried out on the cabbage, variety ‘Golden Acre’ during Rabi, 2021-22 and 2022-23. At Crop Research Centre, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (UP). The data were recorded on five randomly selected plants once in a standard week. Pooled data of both the year (2021 and 2022), After treatments, spinosad 2.50% SC at 600 ml ha-1 consistently showed the lowest larval count on days 3, 7, and 14, with 3.33, 2.17, 2.25 larvae per five plants followed by emamectin benzoate 5% SG at 200 g ha-1, diafenthiuron 50% WP at 600g ha-1, Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki at 1000 g ha-1, Beauveria bassiana at 1500 ml ha-1 and Metarhizium anisopiliae at 2000 g ha-1, and nimbecidine 0.03% at 2500 ml-ha, respectively. The nimbecidine 0.03% at 2500 ml ha-1 recorded the lowest efficacy. Chemical and biological treatments varied significantly, while chemicals had similar efficacy, and biologicals were equally effective. Control plots had the highest larvae count.

Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Yield Attributes, Yield and Economics of Cabbage var Golden Acre under Medziphema Condition

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of integrated nutrient management on growth, yield and quality of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) under foothill of Nagaland during rabi season of 2021-2022 at the Experimental Farm of Horticulture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Nagaland University. During the study, 14 treatments and three replications were assessed in RBD. Results revealed that integration of organic manures in combination with inorganic fertilizers or either alone significantly increased the yield, yield attributes and economics of cabbage over control. Among the various treatments, application of 25% NPK + 75% FYM + Biofertilizers (T8) showed maximum head diameter (13.18 cm), head size (147.11 cm2), gross head weight (1410.00 g), net head weight (694.67 g), head compactness (43.27 cm), yield per plot (11.10 kg) and yield per hectare (256.85 q). The highest net return of Rs 6,53,495/- and the highest cost benefit ratio of 5.58 was obtained from treatment T8 (25% NPK + 75% FYM + Biofertilizers). Thus, T8 can be suggested as an effective INM for getting higher yield and net return of cabbage var Golden Acre under foothill of Nagaland.

Study the Seasonal Incidence of Diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostella (Linn.) on Cabbage

The present investigation entitled ‘Study the seasonal incidence of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Linn.) on cabbage’ was carried out on variety ‘Golden Acre’ during Rabi, 2021 and 2022. At Crop Research Centre, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (UP). The data were recorded on five randomly selected plants once in a standard week. Diamondback moth population reached a maximum level of 9.67 and 9.33 larvae/five plants during 3rd week of January in Rabi 2021 and 4th week of January in Rabi 2022. The P. xylostella was active throughout the year with a varying degree of infestation.

Effect of Different Drip Irrigation Levels and Cabbage Varieties on Potassium Content and Uptake of Head

An experiment was conducted for two Rabi seasons in the years of 2021 and 2022 on four irrigation levels (60 per cent, 80 per cent, 100 per cent and 120 per cent PE) and four varieties of cabbage (Golden Acre, Pusa Mukta, Pusa Cabbage -1 and Pusa Cabbage Hybrid -81) at College of Agriculture, SKRAU, Bikaner. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. Results showed that the maximum potassium content in head was obtained under 120 per cent PE of irrigation level (2.03, 2.02 and 2.02 per cent) which was significantly higher over 60 per cent PE irrigation level (1.74, 1.72 and 1.73 per cent) and it was statistically at par with 80 per cent PE and 100 per cent PE irrigation level during the year 2021, 2022 and on pooled mean basis, respectively. The significantly higher uptake of potassium by head (92.21, 93.89 and 93.05 kg ha-1) was recorded under 100 per cent PE level over 60 per cent PE level (62.70, 63.63 and 63.17 kg ha-1) which was statistically at par with 120 per cent PE and 80 per cent PE irrigation levels during 2021, 2022 and on pooled basis, respectively. Among the varieties, significantly higher uptake of potassium by head recorded under Pusa Mukta variety (86.05, 87.40 and 86.72 Kg ha-1) over the Pusa Cabbage Hybrid -81 (71.74, 72.03 and 71.89 Kg ha-1) and it was at par with Golden Acre and Pusa Cabbage -1 were statistically at par with Pusa Mukta variety of cabbage. Potassium content in cabbage head was not significantly affected with different cabbage varieties during both the experimental years.

Size of Passive Solar Greenhouse Determine Growth and Yield of Cauliflower and Cabbage During Winter in High Mountain Ladakh Region, India

The length and span of passive solar greenhouse are important factors that determine greenhousemicroclimate. However, there are no established length and span recommendations for guiding construction of passive solar greenhouse in high altitude regions, especially above 3000 m asl. Majority of the farmers in trans- Himalayan regions have preference for low-cost small size (<10 m length) passive solar greenhouses. We studied two different sized greenhouses and found that a large greenhouse (27.4 m length, 8.2 m width) was better than a small greenhouse (9.8 m length, 5.5 m width) for growing cauliflower and cabbage in winter. The large greenhouse remained 1.5±0.3 to 7.4±2.1 °C warmer during daytime, and 0.6±0.1 to 1.5±0.8 °C warmer at night. All the recorded plant growth parameters were higher in the large greenhouse. The mean marketable weight of cauliflower cv. Shantha was 599±35 g in the large greenhouse as against 537±42 g in the small greenhouse. Similarly, the marketable weight of cabbage cv. Golden Acre in the large greenhouse was significantly higher (619±53 g) than the small greenhouse (523±121 g). Therefore, large passive solar greenhouses are recommended for farmers in high altitude trans-Himalayan Ladakh regions.

Effect of different varieties and spacing on growth and yield of cabbage (Brassica olereacea L. var. capitata)

The field experiment was conducted at Horticulture Research Farm-I, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow (U.P.) during rabi season of 2020-21 and 2021-22 to study the effect of varieties and spacing on growth and yield of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. Capitata L.). Four varieties and four spacings with three replications were evaluated in Factorial Randomized Block Design. The results revealed that the maximum plant height (36.75 cm), number of leaves (19.91), leaf length (33.09 cm), leaf width (27.21 cm), plant spread N-S (49.42 cm), plant spread E-W (49.12 cm) and stem diameter (8.15 cm) were noted in variety Golden Acre. The minimum values (51.67) of head initiation, maximum weight of head (1.430 kg) and yield (595.67 q ha-1) is observed in Golden Acre. The maximum plant height (37.63 cm), number of leaves (20.26), leaf length (33.05cm), leaf width (26.93 cm), plant spread N-S (50.43 cm)plant spread E-W (50.12 cm) and stem diameter (8.33 cm) was observed in 60 cm x 60 cm. While the maximum weight of head (1.560 kg) and the maximum yield (695.53 q ha-1) were recorded in 45 cm x 45 cm spacing

IMPACT OF VARIETIES AND NUTRIENT LEVELS ON YIELD AND ECONOMIC VIABILITY OF CABBAGE (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.)

A field experiment was conducted at the Vegetable Research Field, College of Horticulture, Mandsaur, Madhya Pradesh during the rabi season of 2016-17 under the edaphic and climatic conditions of Mandsaur. The experiment included two varieties (V1-Golden Acre & V2-Pusa Drumhead) and 6 nutrient levels (N1-75:50:60 kg NPK/ha, V2-75:75:60 kg NPK/ha, V3-100:50:60 kg NPK/ha, V4-100:75:60 kg NPK/ha, V5-125: 50:60 kg NPK/ha & V6-125:75:60 kg NPK/ha). It was laid out in factorial randomized block design with three replications. Growth parameters, yield attributes & yield, quality parameters and economics were observed significant in cabbage variety Pusa Drumhead (V2) when compared to Golden Acre (V1). These parameters were also found to be significant in nutrient level N6 (NPK-125:75:60 kg/ha) followed by N5, N4, N3 and N2 and least in N1 (NPK-75:50:60 kg/ha). High net income (Rs.272565.93/ha) and B:C ratio (5.18) was realized in case of treatment combination V2N6, while lowest values (Rs.83700.10/ha and 1.65) was found under V1N1.

Influence of Integrated Approach of Azotobacter and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Various Morpho-Physiological and Biochemical Parameters of Brassica Oleracea L. var. capitata

This study was formulated to evaluate the impact of bacterization with Azotobacter of two cabbage genotypes (Pusa Early golden acre and Pusa drum head) under field conditions. The study was performed in herbal garden of Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi. The plants were treated with graded treatments (60,120,180 kg N ha-1) of N alone and in combination with seedling inoculation withAzotobacter. The plants were sampled and tested for various morpho-physiological and biochemical parameters. Chlorophyll content, NR activity, protein content, sugar content and phenol content was found to be significantly higher in plants treated with N in combination in Azotobacter. Thus, the use of Azotobacteras a supplement or biofertilizer in integrated nutrient management systems was highly recommended to minimize the application rates of synthetic fertilizers and attain the goal of sustainable agriculture.

Effect of different planting time and spacing on growth, yield and quality of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) cv. Golden Acre under Bundelkhand region in U.P.

A field experiment was carried out to know the optimum planting time and spacing for cabbage cultivation in Bundelkhand region at Organic Research Farm, Karguwan ji, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi (U.P.). The treatments comprises three planting times viz., 5th November (P1), 15th November (P2) and 25th November (P3) and three spacing viz., 60 × 45 cm (S1), 60 × 30 cm (S2) and 45 × 30 cm (S3). The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Design with three replications. The observations were made on growth, yield and quality parameters of cabbage. The results revealed that highest plant height, number of leaves per plant, plant spread, stem diameter, head weight, head yield, head diameter and Total Soluble Solid content was obtained with early seedlings transplanting on 5th November while, minimum days taken to head maturity and highest head compactness was observed with seedlings transplanted on 25th November. There was no significant difference observed between planting times for dry matter content. Among the spacing’s, highest growth and quality parameters were observed with seedlings transplanted on wider spacing (S1) while, highest head yield was recorded with seedlings transplanted on medium spacing (S2). The interaction effect of planting times and spacing were non-significant effect for all the parameters except yield however, highest plant height, number of leaves per plant, plant spread, stem diameter, head weight, head diameter, TSS and dry matter content was observed with treatment combination of P1S1 (5th November + 60 cm × 45 cm). The significantly highest yield (490.98 q ha-1) was obtained with treatment combination of P1S2 (5th November + 60 cm × 30 cm). Minimum number of days taken to head maturity and crop harvest as well as highest head compactness was recorded with treatment combination of P3S1 (25th November + 60 cm × 45 cm).

Effect of different micronutrients and stage of their application on quality of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata)

A field experiment was conducted at College Farm, College of Horticulture, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Jagudan, Gujarat in the rabi season of the year 2017-18 to study the Effect of different micronutrients and stage of their application on growth, yield and quality of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with Factorial concept comprising of two factors. The first factor was stages of micronutrient application (S) i.e. s1 - at seedling stage (15 DAS), s2 - after transplanting (20 & 35 DAT) and s3 - at seedling stage (15 DAS) and after transplanting (20 & 35 DAT) and the second factor was micronutrients with eight levels viz., m0 - Zn 0 ppm + B 0 ppm + Mo 0 ppm, m1 - Zn 0 ppm + B 0 ppm + Mo 50 ppm, m2 - Zn 0 ppm + B 200 ppm + Mo 0 ppm, m3 - Zn 0 ppm + B 200 ppm + Mo 50 ppm, m4 - Zn 1000 ppm + B 0 ppm + Mo 0 ppm, m5 - Zn 1000 ppm + B 0 ppm + Mo 50 ppm, m6 - Zn 1000 ppm + B 200 ppm + Mo 0 ppm, m7 - Zn 1000 ppm + B 200 ppm + Mo 50 ppm. The treatments were replicated thrice. The individual effect of micronutrient application at different stages as well as their interaction effect on quality of cabbage cv. ‘Golden Acre’ was recorded. The results indicates that micronutrient application at seedling stage (15 DAS) and after transplanting (20 & 35 DAT) gave maximum diameter of head, volume of head and chlorophyll content (a, b & total) was observed higher due to this treatment. Higher dose of micronutrient application was found i.e. @ Zn 1000 ppm + B 200 ppm + Mo 50 ppm superior for quality parameters i.e. diameter of head, volume of head and chlorophyll content (a, b & total). The interaction effect of stage of micronutrient application and micronutrients were found not significant for all parameters of quality. Thus from the present investigation it could be concluded that for successful cultivation of cabbage, micronutrient should spray at seedling stage (15 DAS) and (20 & 35 DAT) for getting good quality. Micronutrients should applied @ Zn 1000 ppm + B 200 ppm + Mo 50 ppm for same.

Growing Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var capitata L.) in Cold Winter under Passive Solar Greenhouse in Trans Himalayan Ladakh Region

Greenhouse experiments were conducted in three seasons (2017-18, 2018-19, 2019-20) to study the feasibility to grow cabbage, a temperature sensitive crop, during freezing winter months at high altitude (elevation 3340 m) trans-Himalayan Ladakh region. Three varieties viz. Golden Acre, Videshi and Megaton were studied under an improvised passive solar greenhouse. Head was formed in all the varieties despite the temperature extremes (0.0±1.6 to 39.5±0.9 ºC) inside the greenhouse. The mean marketable head weight ranged from 428.6±72.1 g to 831.2±193.0 g, depending on the variety. The mean head weight of Golden Acre was 831 g, which is 15-fold higher as compared to that of the crop grown under traditional greenhouse in Ladakh. However, the marketable head weight was lower as compared to the yield potential of the varieties. It took 133-163 days for Golden Acre to reach maturity for harvest as compared to the expected 60-65 days. Dramatic declines in intercellular CO2 concentration, photosynthesis rate and water-use efficiency were observed at 2:00 PM, which indicated that the plants were severely affected by high temperatures inside the greenhouse. High temperature inside the greenhouse resulted in bolting, head-splitting and loose head forming, and it ranged from 8-36% of the crop depending on the year and variety. The study suggested that cabbage can be successfully grown under improvised passive solar greenhouse during severe winter months in the trans-Himalayan Ladakh.

Field Screening of Seven Cultivars of Cabbage Against Cabbage Butterfly (Pieris brassicae) and Cabbage Aphids (Brevicoryne brassicae) at Gkuleshor, Baitadi, Nepal

Field screening of seven cultivars of cabbage namely: Green Crown, Green Top, Green Coronet, Pioneer, Nepa Round, Copenhagen Market and Golden Acre were carried out against cabbage butterfly (Pieris brassicae) and cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae) at the research farm of entomology section, Gokuleshwor Agriculture and Animal Science College, Baitadi in RCBD design from October 2017 to February 2018. Five plants were tagged randomly after transplanting in field excluding border plants in each plot. Data were collected for the population dynamics of cabbage butterfly larvae and cabbage aphid on weekly basis. None of the seven cultivars were found resistant to cabbage butterfly and cabbage aphid, however their population density varied on tested cultivars. Cabbage butterfly population was recorded the highest on the cultivar Pioneer (22.88 larvae/plant) and the lowest on the cultivar Copenhagen Market (10.06 larvae/plant), and other cultivars were of intermediate types. Similarly, the population density of aphid ranged from 36.70 to 105.58 aphids/leaf. The highest population density of aphid was recorded on cultivar Green Crown (105.58 aphids/leaf) and the lowest on cultivar Copenhagen Market (39.82 aphids/leaf. From the results, Copenhagen Market proved to be the best against both cabbage butterfly and cabbage aphids.

Amenability of Indigenous Genotypes of Cabbage to Scavenge and Accumulate Nitrogen: Importance of Staggered Application and Root Morphology

Injudicious use of chemical fertilizers particularly nitrogen to crops has increased dramatically in the last half-century and, therefore, identifying crop varieties with improved nitrogen efficiency is urgent for sustainable development. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted to screen the intrinsic nitrogen efficiency of eleven cabbage genotypes on the basis of various morpho-physiological and biochemical parameters related to nitrogen metabolism. High genotypic variation was found in nitrogen metabolizing enzymes. A significant variation in nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase activity was found between contrasting (low and high) nitrogen efficient genotypes in all the nitrogen treatments. The experimental data were subjected to Principal component analysis and Agglomerate hierarchical clustering. Based on the data, Early Golden Acre and Pusa Drumhead were screened as low and high nitrogen efficiency genotypes respectively. Our study identifies low and high nitrogen efficient genotypes in cabbage which can be used in breeding programs and could help in addressing the problem of nitrate pollution in the environment and also could lessen the economic burden of fertilizers on farmers.

Effect of head manipulation techniques and planting distance on seed yield and yield contributing parameters of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata)

The present investigation was conducted during Kharif of2014 and Rabi of 2015 at the experimental farm of Departmentof Vegetable Science, V.C.S.G. Uttarakhand University ofHorticulture and Forestry, Ranichauri Campus, Tehri-Garhwalwith cabbage cultivar Golden Acre. The experiment was laidout in two factor Randomized Block Design (RBD) with threereplications includes three head manipulation techniquesviz., Stump method (T1), Stump with central core intactmethod (T2) and Head intact method (T3) and four differentplanting distance viz., 60x60 cm (S1), 60x45 cm (S2), 45x40 cm(S3) and 40x30 cm (S4). The results of the study revealedsignificant differences among the treatments, stump method(T1) exhibited earliest flowering (92.75 DAT), seed maturity(140.56 DAT), maximum number of primary branches perplant (47.12), siliqua per primary branch (65.81), seed yieldper plant and per hectare (20.21 g and 9.01q) respectively.Whereas planting distance of 40x30 cm was found promisingfor days to 50 per cent flowering (102.0 DAT), seed maturity(154.0 DAT) and seed yield per hectare (9.99q). The stumpmethod accompanied with 60x60 cm spacing gave highestseed yield per plant (23.03 g) However, maximum seed yieldwas realized in stump method along with 40x30 cm plantingdistance (10.50q/ha).

Development of diamondback moth resistant transgenic cabbage and cauliflower by stacking Cry1B and Cry1CBt genes

Cabbage and cauliflower are extensively cultivated Cole vegetables all around the world. These are highly prone to the most notorious insect pest Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth), causing huge yield losses to the growers. Conventional breeding for host plant resistance against this pest is limited due to lack of resistance source in the available germplasm. The chemical control measures are cumbersome, costly, health hazardous and environment unfriendly. Therefore, using quaternary gene pool for incorporation of resistance genes from unrelated sources such as bacterial derived insecticidal Bt toxins through genetic engineering is a viable option. Genetic manipulation of plants through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation is limited by a multitude of factors resulting in poor transformation efficiency. Hence, optimization of plant transformation method suitable for a particular crop is highly essential. Here in we report the optimization of plant transformation protocol for cabbage and cauliflower by the manipulation of various key parameters, including the type of explants, Agrobacterium strains, bacterial cell density, age of the explant, preculture period, media formulations etc. The binary vector pPIPRA560 containing stacked Bt genes (Cry1B/Cry1C) and npt II/Basta as selectable marker was chosen for plant transformation. As a proof of concept, initially the effectiveness of the Bt genes against diamondback moth was validated in transgenic Arabidopsis. Insect bioassay revealed 100% mortality within 48 h of feeding. Based on the exciting results, the same construct was used for transforming Indian popular cultivars of cabbage (‘Golden Acre’) and cauliflower (‘Pusa Meghna’ and ‘Pusa Snowball K1’). The presence of the Bt genes in the transgenic lines was confirmed by PCR and expression through RT-qPCR. Insect bioassay revealed 100% mortality in some of the plants tested so far.

Assessment the influence of Auxins on growth, yield and economics of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) in Bihar

An On Farm Trial was carried out at 8 farmers’ field of Madhepura district under supervision of KVK, Madhepura, BAU, Sabour (Bhagalpur) during Rabi-2019 to evaluate the effect of different auxins on growth, yield and economics of cabbage cultivar cv. Golden Acre. Three treatments viz. T1- Farmers practice (no application of PGR), T2- Application of IAA @ 150 ppm at 4 leaf stage and T3- Application of IBA @ 150 ppm at 4 leaf stage were arranged in Randomized Block Design with eight replications. Cabbage var. Golden Acre was used in the experimentation. The experimental result showed that the treatment T3 (Application of IBA @ 150 ppm) displayed better response to almost all the growth and yield attributes except plant height and head maturity, which showed better response under the application of IAA @150ppm (T2). The maximum plant growth (12 and 16.40cm) at 30 DAS and 60 DAS, respectively was recorded by the application of T2 (Application of IAA @ 150 ppm), which was statistically higher than T1 (farmers practice) and T3. The maximum yield of cabbage (315 q/ha), net profit and B:C ratio (1: 3.13) was observed under the treatment T3 (Application of IBA @150 ppm) however, the minimum values were noted in treatment without application of PGRs (T1). The study revealed that the application of IBA @150 at 4 leaf stage is more effective than IAA @ 150 ppm and the farmers practice (no use of PGR) in respect to higher yield and net profit per rupee investment.

Directing O'Neill: Mourning Becomes Electra, Long Day's Journey Into Night, Desire Under the Elms, Days Without End

Directing O'Neill: <i>Mourning Becomes Electra, Long Day's Journey Into Night, Desire Under the Elms, Days Without End</i>