Goldberg General Health Questionnaire Research Articles

Influence of physical activity level and perceived social support on mental health and psychological distress in women with menopause problems

ABSTRACT Perceived Social Support (PSS) and Physical Activity (PA) could have an important role in reducing psychological distress in women with problems in the menopausal period. The aim was to analyze the associations between a) Self-Perceived Health (SPH), prevalence of self-reported depression and anxiety, and mental health and its subscales, through the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) with b) the Physical Activity Level (PAL) and c) the PSS, through the Duke-UNC-11 functional social support questionnaire in Spanish women with problems in the menopausal period. This document uses data from the Spanish National Health Survey of 2017, focusing on women between 40 and 69 years of age with problems in the menopausal period. Dependency relationships were found between the prevalence of depression and PAL, anxiety and PAL, and SPH with PAL (p < 0.001). Weak inverse correlations were found between PAL and mental health, Coping Success, Self-confidence, and Stress (rho: − 0.214 to − 0.258; p < 0.001). Also, weak and very weak significant inverse correlations were found between PAL and all items of the GHQ-12. Weak inverse correlations were found between PSS scores and mental health, Coping, and Stress (r: −0.201 to − 0.304; p < 0.001). Likewise, weak and very weak inverse correlations, although statistically significant, were found between the PSS scores and the responses to the GHQ-12 items. Very active women with higher PSS have less psychological distress, higher self-esteem, and better prevalence of positive health.

Assessment of mental wellbeing of university students in Bangladesh using Goldberg's GHQ-12: A cross-sectional study.

The mental well-being of university students is a primary public health concern worldwide, including in Bangladesh. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of the overall mental health status among Bangladeshi university students. The study used larger and more diverse sample compared to previous studies, and also explored factors associated with the mental health well-being of those students. Data were collected through an online questionnaire, utilizing the proportional allocation method, from students in various universities across Bangladesh. The sample included 2036 participants. The study applied Goldberg's General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) using the GHQ2+ threshold (i.e., having more than two symptoms). A binary outcome variable was created with two levels: "good mental health" and "poor mental health," to assess the mental health status of the university students. The explanatory variables were age, gender, academic year, type of university, and sources of personal expenses. Exploratory data analysis, association tests, and binary logistic regression models were used to identify factors influencing the outcome variable. A total of 55.9% of students (male: 52.6% and female: 62.8%) exhibited poor mental health status. Female students' mental health was found to be worse (odds ratio [OR]: 1.49, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.23-1.81) compared to that of males. Similarly, public university students displayed a worse mental health condition than their counterparts in private universities (OR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.03-1.61). The overall mental health of university students in Bangladesh is concerning. There is a pressing need for effective mental health policies and interventions to bolster the mental well-being of university students, with a specific focus on students from public universities and females.

Modeling the general health of Iranian immigrants based on cognitive flexibility and perfectionism with the mediation of acculturation stress

Background and purpose: Migration is a dual factor that creates a stressful environment and requires the creation of new adaptations, creating psychological pressures. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the fit of the proposed model of general health of Iranian immigrants based on cognitive flexibility and perfectionism with the mediation of acculturation stress. Research method: The method of this study was correlation type. The statistical population of this study included all Iranian immigrants who lived legally in one of the countries of Western Europe, North America or Oceania for more than one year. 224 people were selected using available sampling method. Data collection was done by publishing Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (1972), Dennis and Vanderwaal Cognitive Flexibility Questionnaire (2010), Hill et al. Findings: The results showed that cognitive flexibility has a negative effect on the general health of immigrants (β=-0.46, P=0.001). Perfectionism has a negative effect on the general health of immigrants (β=-0.42, P=0.001). Acculturation stress has a positive effect on the general health of immigrants (β=0.76, P=0.001). Conclusion: The evaluation of the proposed model with the method of path analysis showed that the proposed model of general health of Iranian immigrants based on cognitive flexibility and perfectionism with the mediation of acculturation stress is suitable; As a result, cultivating cognitive flexibility and positive perfectionism helps to reduce acculturation stress and maintain mental health in immigrants.

Predictors of physical activity in older adults 65 years and older: findings in health survey of the Valencian Community.

Physical activity is part of a healthy lifestyle in the older adult and is related to multiple variables that promote this behavior. To identify the relationship and predictive power of sociodemographic variables, multimorbidity, severity index, risk of poor mental health, social support, affective support and confidential support with the time devoted to physical activity in the population over 65 years of age in the Valencian Community. Cross-sectional descriptive analytical study of the data collected in the Health Survey of the Valencian Community on a total of 3,199 people over 65 years of age. The study variables were age, sex, educational level, marital status, social class, multimorbidity, severity index collected with the EQ-5D-5L tool, risk of poor mental health collected with the Goldberg general health questionnaire (GHQ-12), and perceived social, affective and confidential support collected with the Duke-Unc social support scale (Duke-UNC-11). All variables, except affective support, are significantly related to the time of physical activity performed by people older than 65 years. The severity index has a predictive capacity of 13.7% of physical activity performed and age is able to predict 1.2% of this variable. Sex, age, education, social class, marital status, multimorbidity, risk of poor mental health or social support and confidentiality are related to the physical activity time of the Valencian population over 65 years of age. On the other hand, the variables severity index and age have been identified as variables capable of predicting up to 14.8% of the variance of the physical activity time variable in our study population.

He Study of Mass Panic Resulting from the Social Crisis of Covid-19 and its Effect on the Public Health of the Employees of the Ministry of Health in Tehran (Statistical Study of the Employees of the Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education of the Country)

The outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic caused problems at various levels. One of its consequences is public health problems at the community level and the impact of stress caused by it. This study intends to investigate the effect of mass panic caused by Covid-19 on the public health of the employees of the Ministry of Health. The present research is a descriptive-analytical study that was conducted in 2019 in Tehran. In this study, 250 employees working in the Ministry of Health participated. The data collection tools were two demographic questionnaires, Goldberg's General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and The samples completed the questionnaires electronically on the Google Form platform. SPSS version 22 software was used for data analysis. The significance level of the data was 0.05. In total, 250 questionnaires were completed.The average age of the samples was 44.11±23.74 and their average work experience was 16.07±8.66. The findings of this study showed that collective panic caused by covid-19 had a significant effect on the general health component and sub-components of physical symptoms, anxiety and sleep disorder, depression. Height variable, direct relationship with general health; The variable of diploma and post-diploma education. It seams

Model of psychosocial determinants of health in processes of social exclusion.

The substantial increase in the number of families facing social exclusion in Europe and its direct relationship with health inequities is a challenge for studies approaching the social determinants of health and policies dealing with welfare and social inclusion. We start from the premise that reducing inequality (SDG10), has a value and contributes on other goals such as improving health and well-being (SDG3), ensuring quality education (SDG4), promoting gender equality (SDG5) and decent work (SDG8). In this study, we identify disruptive risk factors and psychological and social well-being factors that influence self-perceived health in trajectories of social exclusion. The research materials used a checklist of exclusion patterns, life cycles and disruptive risk factors, Goldberg's General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), Ryff's Psychological Well-being (PWB) Scale and Keyes' Social Well-being Scale. The sample consists of 210 people (aged between 16 and 64 years): 107 people in a situation of social inclusion and 103 people in a situation of social exclusion. The data treatment involved statistical analysis, including correlation study and multiple regression analysis, aimed at developing a model of psychosocial factors that may act as health modulators, considering social factors as predictors in the regression model. The results showed that individuals in the sample, in a situation of social exclusion, have a greater accumulation of disruptive risk factors, and these are related to having fewer psychosocial and cognitive resources to cope with stressful situations: less self-acceptance, less mastery of the environment, less purpose in life, less level of social integration and social acceptance. Finally, analysis showed that in the absence of social integration and purpose in life, self-perceived health statuses decline. This work allows us to use the model obtained as a basis for confirming that there are dimensions of psychological and social well-being that should be considered stress-buffering factors in trajectories of social exclusion. These findings can help design psychoeducational programs for prevention and intervention with the aim of improving psychological adjustment and health states, as well as to promote proactive and reactive policies to reduce health inequalities.

Prevalencia de síntomas mentales entre los refugiados saharauis en Tinduf, Argelia, utilizando el Cuestionario de Salud General Goldberg 28

ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of psychopathological symptoms among Saharawi refugees and the influence of sociodemographic factors on the phenotypic expression of mental disorders. DesignCross-sectional descriptive study. LocationPrimary and hospital health care. Participants383 participants over 18 years of age, 59.8% women and 40.2% men, with a mean age of 37.2 (SD = 13.0), from the Laayoune camp, and from the Rabuni National Hospital. MethodologyA descriptive, cross-sectional and analytical study was carried out between January and August 2017. Participants were selected by consecutive sampling.The main variable was the presence of mental symptoms, measured with the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire - 28. A descriptive analysis of each sociodemographic variable (age, sex, educational level, occupation) and its association with the main variable was carried out using Logistic regression. Results43.3%, 95%CI (38.4-48.3) obtained a score that suggests the presence of mental symptoms. Women presented a mean score higher than men, in subscales A (somatic symptoms) and in subscale B (anxiety).Age over 50 years and having no educational level were associated with a higher probability of having mental symptoms. ConclusionsThe study shows that the prevalence of mental symptoms among Saharawi refugees is high, and reinforces the need for more scientific research in the field of mental health to put the prevention of mental disorders and the promotion of mental health in the focus of health policy.

Is Psychological Distress Associated with Self-Perceived Health, Perceived Social Support and Physical Activity Level in Spanish Adults with Diabetes?

Depressive and anxiety symptoms are common in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Physical activity and social support may prevent or reduce psychological distress in this population. This study aimed to analyse the associations between psychological distress, self-perceived health (SPH), perceived social support (PSS) and physical activity level (PAL) in adults with a diabetes mellitus diagnosis from Spain. A cross-sectional study based on data from the Spanish National Health Survey (ENSE2017) with a final sample of 1006 individuals with diabetes mellitus aged between 15 and 70 years, who completed the Adult Questionnaire. Some of the items from this survey were taken from existing questionnaires: the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) for Mental Health status and psychological distress, the Duke-UNC-11 Functional Social Support Questionnaire for PSS and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) for PAL. A descriptive analysis and non-parametric statistical tests were carried out, including correlation analysis, multiple binary logistic regression and linear regression model calculations. It was found that SPH was related to PAL (p < 0.001): positive SPH prevalence was higher in the Active and Very Active groups (p < 0.05). Weak inverse correlations were found between the GHQ-12 and the PAL (rho: -0.230; p < 0.001) and PSS (rho: -0.234; p < 0.001). Physical inactivity and lower PSS were risk factors for negative SPH and worst physiological outcomes. Thus, higher PAL and PSS were positively correlated with SPH and lower psychological stress in Spanish adults with diabetes mellitus.

A Study of Personality Types Towards Students’ Mental Health

Mental health illnesses can impair academic performance and social connections, both of which are crucial to a student's success. However, personality type also plays a crucial influence in mental health problems. This study intends to investigate personality types, mental health, the relationship between personality types and mental health, and gender variations in personality types and mental health among undergraduate students at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). This study is a survey-based quantitative research. According to Krejcie and Morgan's (1970) table, this study's total sample size is 248. Systematic sampling was used as a sampling technique to choose participants. For data collection, Truity Test and Goldberg's General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) were adapted. The respondents were given a Likert scale questionnaire with 55 questions. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0 was utilized to analyze the data. According to this study's findings, undergraduates have a high level of consciousness personality type (S.D. =.65090) and agreeableness personality type (S.D. =.62137). Undergraduates mental health falls under the category of social dysfunction (S.D. =.59537).

Demographic Gradients of Mental Health in University Students: A Study of Medical Interns in Iran

Background: The mental health status of medical students is not optimistic. Understanding the factors associated with their poor mental health can contribute to alleviating this condition. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the mental health status of medical interns and its associated demographic and personal traits. Methods: From 2020 to 2021, 358 interns were enrolled in the study. Goldberg's general health questionnaire (GHQ-28) was used to assess their mental health, with scores ≥ 24 indicating poor mental health. Factors associated with GHQ scores were determined using multivariable regression. Results: Among the study population (age: 25.43 ± 2.31, 49.4% males), GHQ mean score was 30.09 ± 14.44, and 61.7% of interns had GHQ ≥ 24. Female gender (adjusted-OR: 1.78, P: 0.015), low hope for career prospects (adjusted-OR: 4.09, P: 0.001), and low and medium personal life satisfaction (adjusted-OR: 10.94, P &lt; 0.001; adjusted-OR: 2.55, P: 0.001, respectively) significantly increased the risk of having poor mental health. Conclusions: In Iran, more than half of medical interns are not enjoying desirable mental health. Female students are more prone to being mentally unhealthy. Furthermore, lower hope and personal life satisfaction levels negatively affect students' mental health. Related university officials should identify the causes and develop effective preventive and therapeutic mental health services for interns. Female students should be the priority group.

Epidemiology of Ocular Trauma in the Elderly: A Population-Based Study.

To determine the prevalence of different types of ocular trauma and their relationship with some factors in the elderly population. The present population-based cross-sectional study was conducted on the elderly population aged 60 years and above in Tehran, Iran, using multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling in 2019. After selecting the samples and their participation in the study, demographic information and history of ocular trauma were obtained through an interview. Psychological evaluation was performed using the Goldberg's 28-question General Health Questionnaire. All study participants underwent optometric and ophthalmological examinations. Three thousand three hundred and ten people participated in the study (response rate: 87.3%). Of these, 1912 individuals (57.8%) were female and the mean age of individuals was 68.25 ± 6.55 (from 60 to 97) years. 7.46% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.51-8.41) of the study participants reported a history of ocular trauma. Blunt and chemical traumas were the most and the least common types of ocular trauma, respectively (5.72% and 0.16%). 3.93% of cases visited an ophthalmologist for ocular trauma, 1.67% reported a history of hospitalization, and 1.47% underwent surgery. The prevalence of visual impairment in individuals with a history of ocular trauma was 12.53%. Visual impairment was more prevalent in people with a history of ocular trauma than those without a history of ocular trauma (P < 0.05). History of ocular trauma was only significantly related to low education level (odds ratio = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.40-0.99). Participants with a history of ocular trauma had more anxiety and higher mean psychological distress score than those without a history of ocular trauma (P = 0.035). The development of preventive programs against the occurrence of ocular trauma can play an important role in reducing the psychological damage of affected patients while reducing visual disorders. These interventions should be especially considered in groups with a lower education level.

Heart Failure Patients: How Effective Can a Rehabilitation Program be in Relation to Physical and Mental Fatigue, General Health and Anxiety?

Exercise is an important factor of rehabilitation in heart failure patients, improving several indicators of disease prognosis and functional capacity. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of a cardiorespiratory rehabilitation program on the physical and mental fatigue, general health and anxiety in patients suffering from heart failure. Thirty-one patients with heart failure [(M±SD) age: 67.59±7.60 years] participated in a cardiorespiratory rehabilitation program. The program included aerobic exercise on cycle ergometers and muscle strengthening for 3 months (12 weeks), 3 times/week. Before and after the program, patients' fatigue, general and mental health were assessed using the following self-reported questionnaires: a) Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS), b) Goldberg's General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) and c) Spielberger's Anxiety Questionnaire. Data analysis showed a statistically significant tendency of reduction in social dysfunction (from 1.99±0.42 to 1.75±0.45, p=0.05), while anxiety (from 27.10±7.61 to 26.40±4.35) showed no change (p&gt;0.05).Also, evaluating the changes in the health level after attending the program, there was a trend of improvement in physical activity and functioning with the appearance of fewer physical symptoms (from 1.38±0.43 to 1.24±0.31, p=0,13). These results show that exercise can contribute to increasing the general well-being of these patients and reducing feelings of helplessness, making them able to cope with their daily activities and tasks.

Structural Model of the Association between Spiritual Health and Self-Esteem of Students in Yazd Farhangian University with the Mediating Role of General Health

Background: Spiritual and mental health is among the components affecting self-esteem as one of the key and necessary characteristics of every teacher. This study was aimed at examining the association between spiritual health and self-esteem of students of Yazd Farhangian University with the mediating role of general health in the academic year 2020-2021.&#x0D; Methods: This was a analytical cross sectional study with the statistical population of all students and teachers of Yazd Farhangian University, including 323 people selected as a sample based on Cochran’s formula. Research data were gathered through using the Paloutzian, R. F., &amp; Ellison, C. W. Loneliness, Spiritual, and Well-being Scale, Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), and The Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI). To analyze the research data, Pearson correlation coefficient, covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM), bootstrapping technique, and fit indices for structural equation modeling were employed using softwares of SPSS and AMOS at a significance level of less than 0.05.&#x0D; Results: The findings revealed a positive and significant correlation between spiritual health and general health (0/316, p&lt;0/001), as well as between general health and self-esteem (0/423, p&lt;0/001). Furthermore, there was a positive and significant association between spiritual health and self-esteem (0/339, p&lt;0/01). Moreover, the findings emphasized the significance of the general health’s mediating role between the spiritual health and self-esteem variables.&#x0D; Conclusions: Considering the significance , positive and strong relationship between spiritual health and general health as well as self-esteem, it is recommended that to enhance the adolescents’ spiritual and general health and increase their self-esteem, educational programs should be revised and more attention should be paid to attracting Farhangian University students.

Prediction of mental well-being and general health based on body image mediating self-compassion in female athletes

Aim: The purpose of this research was to predict mental well-being and general health based on body image with the mediation of self-compassion in female athletes in Tehran. Methods: This was a descriptive correlational study that was conducted using the structural equation method. Also, in terms of the purpose, this study was practical. The statistical population of this research was all female athletes who referred to sports clubs in Tehran city. 250 people were selected by the convenience sampling method. The participants used a link to Keyes et al.'s mental well-being questionnaire (2003), Goldberg's general health questionnaire (1979), Neff et al.'s self-compassion questionnaire (2003), and body image questionnaire (Brun et al., 1990). Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, Spearman's correlation, and path analysis using SPSS and PLS software. Results: The results showed that body image has a direct effect on general health (β=-0.22; P=0.004), and self-compassion (β=-0.21; P=0.010). Also, self-compassion has a direct effect on mental well-being (β=0.32; P&lt;0.001). The indirect effect of body image on mental well-being was confirmed through the mediation of self-compassion (β=0.07; P=0.035). Conclusion: According to the results, it can be concluded that strategies that increase self-compassion can provide a better picture of body image and increase the mental well-being of female athletes.

A Cross-Sectional Study on Physical Activity and Psychological Distress in Adults with Asthma.

Physical Activity (PA) could contribute to decreasing psychological distress and improving Self-Perceived Health (SPH) in adults with Asthma. The main objective of this study was to analyse the associations between the Physical Activity Level (PAL) Perceived Social Support (PSS) and Mental Health, using the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), and SPH in the adult population with Asthma. This descriptive cross-sectional study is based on data from the 2017 Spanish National Health Survey, including 1040 participants with Asthma in the study. The Kruskal-Wallis test was performed to study the hypothetical differences between the PAL and the different variables derived from the GHQ-12. In addition, correlations between the variables generated and the items of the GHQ-12, together with the PAL and the Duke-UNC-11, were analysed using Spearman's rho correlation coefficients. Inverse correlations were found between Mental Health and PSS (rho: -0.351) and between Mental Health and PAL (rho: -0.209), as well as in the rest of the GHQ-12 items: successful coping (rho: -0.197), self-esteem (rho: -0.193) and stress (rho: -0.145). The more active subjects had better SPH. Therefore, the research showed how higher PAL and positive SPH are related to lower psychological distress in adults with Asthma.

Psychometric Properties of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9) in a Sample of Active Health Care Professionals in Spain.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the working, personal and health conditions of health professionals has been highlighted, although it is necessary to verify whether certain instruments used in research on this topic have sufficient psychometric support for their use. This need was the main motivation for undertaking the present study. We aimed to analyse the psychometric properties of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9) in a sample of active health care workers during the pandemic. A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to August 2020 with 2326 active health care workers (78.7% women). The instruments that were applied included the UWES-9 scale, the Sense of Coherence scale (SOC-13), the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and an item on self-perceived health. The three-factor structure related to the correlation of pairs of errors presented the best fit. The reliability of the UWES-9 was highlighted by the adequate internal consistency of the items, the existence of invariance according to gender, and its convergent and discriminant validity. The findings of this work support the use of the UWES-9 to assess the work engagement of health personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic and identify it as an adequate measure of this psychological variable and the constructs that comprise it.

Relationship between physical activity levels of Portuguese physical therapists and mental health during a COVID-19 pandemic: Being active is the key.

Physical activity is essential for a healthy life and quality of life, representing a fundamental role in individuals' physical and mental health. Concomitantly, the physical therapist, through the promotion of physical activity and exercise, can improve mental health, an essential factor in the current pandemic, triggering anxiety, fear, and depression crisis. To verify physical activity among Portuguese physical therapists and its association with mental health during pandemic times. An online questionnaire was applied through social media to all Portuguese physical therapists between October 21, 2021, and January 14, 2022. It contained general characterization questions of the sample, the IPAQ-SF questionnaire to assess physical activity levels, the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), which assesses the levels of mental health and the WHO Well-Being Index (WHO-5) to assess the subjective wellbeing. The sample totaled 286 respondents (82% female), with a mean age of 33. Of the total answers, 82% practiced physical activity, 45% had moderate levels of physical activity, and 19% vigorous. Physical therapists in these categories had lower values in the GHQ-28 and higher in the WHO-5. Those with better mental health also showed better subjective wellbeing (r = -0.571, p = 0.000). The data obtained showed that physical therapists mostly have moderate and vigorous levels of physical activity and that physical activity positively influences individuals' mental health and wellbeing, which proved to be a key factor due to the pandemic situation.

Living with parents, lifestyle pattern and common mental disorders in adolescents: a school-based study in Brazil

BackgroundMental health conditions represent 16% of the global burden of disease and injury in adolescents. Promotion, protection, and restoring the mental health must be considered indispensable, especially in adolescence. This study aims to verify the association of lifestyle pattern, living with parents and the presence of Common Mental Disorders (CMD) in Brazilian adolescents.MethodsCross-sectional study that analyzed data from 71,553 adolescents aged 12–17 years, from the Study on Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA), between 2013 and 2014. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed to identify lifestyle pattern, and Logistic Regression Models were performed to identify the associations between lifestyle pattern, living with parents, and presence of CMD.ResultsTo construct the Common Mental Disorders (CMD) variable, the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire was used. The Pattern of Healthy Lifestyle Practices found was characterized by higher water consumption, lower consumption of ultra-processed foods, the habit of eating breakfast, less exposure time to screens, habit of physical activity, and longer mean sleep time in hours. Adolescents belonging to the second (OR: 0.73; 95% CI 0.65–0.82) and third (OR: 0.44; 95% CI 0.39–0.50) terciles of the pattern, that is, those who had higher belonging to the pattern had lower chances of having CMD. Adolescents who lived with neither parent (OR: 1.44; 95% CI 1.16–1.78) were associated with a higher chance to present CMD.ConclusionLiving with parents can contribute to better mental health among adolescents. In addition, the adoption of a healthy lifestyle, encouraged by parents and the community, can reduce the chances of CMD in Brazilian adolescents.

Psychological and social impact on parents of children with feeding difficulties

ObjectivesThe prevalence of feeding disorders (FDs) and picky eating in children is high in our region, based on the parents’ perceptions. Although organic disease or a nutritional impact is rarely observed in these children, the problem frequently has an effect on family dynamics. We aimed to estimate the impact of these disorders on the stress level, quality of life and psychological health of families. MethodsStudy of cases (FDs) and controls (healthy controls and controls with digestive disorders or other illness). We assessed parental stress and the risk of psychological distress in these families using validated scales (Parent Stress Index Short Form [PSI-SF] and Goldberg's General Health Questionnaire [GHQ-28]) and a parental opinion survey. ResultsWe collected a total of 238 surveys, 102 corresponding to healthy controls, 88 to controls with digestive disorders and 48 to children with FDs. We found that 45.8% of parents in the FD group felt neglected by their paediatricians and 47.9% did not agree with the paediatrician’s recommendations. In addition, 54.2% reported limitations to their social life, 25% problems in their relationship, 47.9% feeling judged by others (12.5% by their own partner) for how they managed mealtimes, and 37.5% having sought or considered seeking psychological support. All these problems were significantly more frequent compared to controls. Based on the GHQ-28, the risk of anxiety and depression was more frequent in parents in the FD group: 54.2% compared to the reference (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] compared to controls, 4.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.96−8.87; OR compared to sick controls, 6.25; 95% CI, 2.79−13.98) and 33.3% compared to the healthy control group. They also had higher stress scores (PSI-SF) compared to the healthy control group (adjusted mean difference [AMD], 21; 95% CI, 12.19−29.81) and the sick control group (AMD, 20; 95% CI, 9.81−30.19). ConclusionsParents of children with FDs have a high level of stress and risk of anxiety and depression, with repercussions at the social, family, couple and work levels. The relationship with the paediatrician may also be affected.

Work-related stress and the mental health status of retail commerce workers from Nicaragua: a cross-sectional web-based survey

Background and aim: In Currently, there are very few studies, that evaluate the consequences of occupational stress on mental health in Nicaraguan workers. Here, we studied the association between the levels of work-related stress (WRS) and the mental health status of retail commerce workers from Nicaragua. Method: We carried out a descriptive cross-sectional study by conducting a web-based survey between August 1st and September 30th, 2021 through an online self-administered questionnaire, which was made available on the Google Forms platform. Subjects were randomly selected from an available database at the Social Security National Institute and were invited to participate by e-mail. Out of 1,212 invitations, 910 subjects completed the questionnaire. The ILO-WHO Occupational Stress Scale was used to assess stress levels, and the mental health component of the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) was used to assess emotional health. Results: Overall, 40% of participants were classified as having WRS risk levels. On the other hand, 1out 5 workers experienced severe stress. The proportion of cases currently classified as experiencing a probable mental or emotional health disorder was 30% (GHQ-12 with a score &amp;#x2265;12 points). Workers with a significant level of stress or severe level of stress had a 3 to 5-fold increased risk of experiencing a probable mental or emotional disorder. Other factors that were also associated with the presence of a probable emotional health disorder were being female, sleeping less than 7 hours regularly, experiencing mobbing at the workplace, and having experienced workplace violence. Conclusion: This study showed a highly significant association between work relates stress levels and the presence of mental or emotional health disorders. WRS continues to represent a serious occupational and public health problem in Nicaragua. Keywords: work-related stress, mental health, retail commerce, Nicaragua.