Goal Of Program Research Articles

A Proposal to Address Problem of Non-Compliance With The World Trade Organization Dispute Settlement Body Rulings

Objective: This study aims to analyze the problems of non-compliance with several of the rulings of the Dispute Settlement Body of the World Trade Organization and how to overcome the problem to increase the effectiveness of the WTO Law. Methods: This research is normative legal research. The study uses secondary data consisting of primary and secondary legal materials. The data were analyzed by using qualitative method, and conclusions are drawn by deductive method. Result: Some of the WTO DSB rulings have status the compliance proceedings is completed with findings of non-compliance. It meant that some of the WTO DSB rulings were not implemented. This could result in decreased the compliance with the WTO Law and further to hamper the achievement of the WTO objectives. Conclusion: The weakness of the enforcement measures led to non-compliance with some of the DSB WTO rulings. This paper proposes to strengthen the enforcement mechanism to overcome the problem of non-compliance with the WTO DSB rulings through the application of monetary compensation sanctions, temporary prohibition to make complaints and the establishment of WTO DSB rulings enforcement body. An effective WTO law enforcement mechanism was needed to increase international trade and World economic growth, so it was important in achieving the development program goals, including the Sustainable Development Goals.

Genetics, genomics, and breeding of black gram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper

Black gram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] is a highly nutritious grain legume crop, mainly grown in South and Southeast Asia, with the largest area in India, where the crop is challenged by several biotic and abiotic stresses leading to significant yield losses. Improving genetic gains to increase on-farm yields is the primary goal of black gram breeding programs. This could be achieved by developing varieties resistant to major diseases like mungbean yellow mosaic disease, urdbean leaf crinkle virus, Cercospora leaf spot, anthracnose, powdery mildew, and insect pests such as whitefly, cowpea aphids, thrips, stem flies, and bruchids. Along with increasing on-farm yields, incorporating market-preferred traits ensures the adoption of improved varieties. Black gram breeding programs rely upon a limited number of parental lines, leading to a narrow genetic base of the developed varieties. For accelerating genetic gain, there is an urgent need to include more diverse genetic material for improving traits for better adaptability and stress resistance in breeding populations. The present review summarizes the importance of black gram, the major biotic and abiotic stresses, available genetic and genomic resources, major traits for potential crop improvement, their inheritance, and the breeding approaches being used in black gram for the development of new varieties.

Development of Cross-Sector Collaboration Indicators in the Child-Friendly City Program in Makassar City

Purpose: This research aims to produce indicators for the cross-sector collaboration process in the KLA Program to measure and evaluate cross-sector performance based on health and welfare indicators in Indonesia. Theoretical reference: This research uses theories from Thomson and Perry in 2006 and also research by Balqis, 2023. Thomson and Perry perfected Gray's theory, which was an early pioneer in the formation of collaboration theory (describing a multidimensional model of collaboration). Method: This research uses a qualitative method with a Rapid Assessment Procedure design, discussing child-friendly district/city programs which are then validated by policymakers. Results and Conclusion: This research produces indicators of cross-collaboration in the KLA program. 17 indicators were identified in five dimensions of collaboration, namely governance dimension which consists of 3 indicators (membership, institutional rules, structural changes) and 7 sub-indicators; The administrative dimension consists of 6 indicators (communication channels, clarity of roles and responsibilities, coordination of policy makers and implementers, completeness of information media data, program evaluation/monitoring) and 14 sub-indicators; The autonomy dimension consists of 2 indicators (programs and budgets) and 9 sub-indicators; The mutuality dimension consists of 3 indicators (exchange of resources, appreciation, HR training in understanding children's rights conventions) and 6 sub-indicators; The norms dimension consist of 3 indicators (trust, commitment, and reward) and 5 sub-indicators. The conclusion of this research is the indicators resulting from the five dimensions of collaboration can be used as a reference to prove quantitatively and used as a tool in measuring cross-sectoral performance in child-friendly district/city programs. Implications of research: These findings contribute to cross-sector collaboration in child-friendly city programs. Apart from that, this can also have implications for policymakers and other stakeholders in developing collaboration indicators to achieve the goals of the child-friendly city program. Originality/Value: This research is conducted using a collaborative approach with five key dimensions of collaboration, namely governance, administration, mutuality, norms, and organizational autonomy. Novelty in this research is original because it offers the concept of developing cross-sector collaboration indicators in the health sector category.

Program Review with the Curriculum Mapping Toolkit for Sociology: Assessment of a Publicly Available Resource for Sociology Departments

The American Sociological Association identified 12 major recommendations for the undergraduate major, which include 11 learning goals articulated in the sociological literacy framework. In total, these recommendations identified upward of 70 different curricular elements that optimal sociology programs should consider satisfying. This article shows how curriculum mapping combined with an organized set of resources (the Curriculum Mapping Toolkit for Sociology [CMTS]) facilitates productive discussions that identify program goals, program strengths, program weaknesses, and pathways for program improvement. Data rely on the CMTS itself, which tracked department engagement with different elements of program review, and appraisals of department representatives who committed to presenting the opportunity for curriculum review to their colleagues. Although the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted many departments’ capacities to work fully with the CMTS, data demonstrate that the CMTS was met with strong interest by department leaders and their department colleagues. Its application positively impacted program quality and collegial relationships. Department leaders evaluated the CMTS as being “useful” or “very useful” and considered the collective work involved as being both manageable and productive.

Design-Based Learning for Elementary School Classrooms

Vietnam's general education is in the process of transforming its educational program goals, in which creativity, collaboration and communication abilities are the core competencies that need to be developed at all levels [1]. There have been quite a few studies on innovating teaching methods in the direction of developing learner capacity. Studies show that important skills include critical thinking, creativity, collaboration and Communication... needs to be trained for children right from elementary school. Statistics of research results abroad over many decades show that design-based learning (DBL) can form and develop these (Kolodner, J, 2003). This study introduces design-based learning as a pedagogical approach to support children with learning differences. Experimental teaching is the result of collaborative research on design-based learning over a 3-week period, with more than 100 4th grade students at FPT Cau Giay Primary School Hanoi - Vietnam. Experimental results are part of this study.

Lessons learned through interprofessional education: exploring collaboration with elementary education, special education and communication sciences and disorders pre-service professionals

PurposeInterprofessional practice (IPP) is one way to structure collaborations to more effectively meet the complex needs of students in educational settings. This article explores the lessons learned when one research team implemented interprofessional education (IPE) experiences in partnership with a public elementary school and pre-service professionals from elementary education, special education and communication science and disorders.Design/methodology/approachThis reflective article explores the lived experiences of researchers and partners who completed an IPE experience within one professional development school’s site. Researcher anecdotes are included to support the viewpoints shared.FindingsIt was discovered that IPE experiences are essential to facilitate meaningful collaborations for pre-service professionals to learn with and from one another; however, this requires time, preparation and is most effective when teacher mentors and university professors lead with vulnerability and model flexibility. Investment in IPE is challenging but worth the effort when learning outcomes are realized.Originality/valueSpecific details regarding the structure of this experience are shared as well as future directional goals for programs hoping to implement IPE in their professional practice programs.

Sampling design modifications to a fishery-independent monitoring survey balance the maintenance of long-term data with emerging management needs and funding limitations

Development of Florida’s marine Fisheries-Independent Monitoring (FIM) program began in 1985, and it initiated long-term monitoring in Tampa Bay in 1989 with the purpose of providing timely fishery-independent data and analyses to fishery managers for the conservation and protection of the species that support Florida’s fisheries. Over time, the program expanded sampling in other Florida estuaries. Data from this monitoring program are integral to the assessment and management of numerous state and federally managed fishes, so long-term consistency is of paramount importance, but sampling design modifications have been necessary over time. This review presents three case studies in which the estuarine component of the FIM program was changed to address emerging data needs in management of Florida’s fishery resources, while maintaining standardization and consistency with long-term surveys statewide. In the first case study, survey changes increased the amount of data on juvenile common snook, Centropomus undecimalis, on the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic coasts and improved indices of abundance, survival estimates, and age-length keys for state management purposes. In the second case study, the FIM program improved estimates of abundance of juvenile reef fishes by initiating a complementary survey that expanded FIM sampling to new regions of the Florida Gulf coast and targeted a unique habitat (polyhaline seagrass beds along estuarine shoal habitats) not previously sampled in the standard long-term survey. In the third case study, the FIM program addressed a data limitation for regional management of spotted seatrout, Cynoscion nebulosus, by initiating seasonal sampling in western Florida. In each case study, the standard long-term survey design was modified to include sampling of new and unique areas and habitats, providing valuable data on estuarine fish assemblages that support analyses at the broader, ecosystem level. Survey amendments were designed to maintain standardization and consistency, all with limited additional funding. The success of these survey modifications was the result of several key factors: mission-focused programmatic goals, geographically dispersed laboratories, standardized protocols, ongoing critical analysis of the data, grant award success, and high-level data management. Although each case study originated with a survey expansion, all were followed by survey reductions or streamlining, so expansion and reduction scenarios are presented in this review. Regardless of these modifications, the mission of the FIM program remains the same: to provide timely data and analysis for the use of fishery managers, including state and federal partners.

Collaborative Governance in Countering Drug Control in Makassar City

This study seeks to determine how collaborative governance has been implemented in Makassar City’s drug prevention efforts. This study employs a qualitative, descriptive methodology. Observation, interviews, and documentation are methods for collecting data. In Yin’s case study pattern matching model, the data analysis technique is used. The results demonstrated leadership facilitation, with each collaborating actor demonstrating a dependable capacity for activity implementation and problem-solving. Each organization has a decision-maker and policy-maker in charge. In institutional institutions, the division of roles and responsibilities is specified in the Cooperation Agreement. In the process of collaboration, formal and informal communication channels are established to foster mutual trust, and each party’s Cooperation Agreement guides the implementation of collaboration. The true outcome of collaborative action is the achievement of the program goals of each government agency, the community, and the private sector, as well as reducing drug use in Makassar City. The outcomes indicated that Anshel and Gash’s Collaborative Government model was suitable for the drug prevention program in Makassar City. In institutional institutions, Anshel and Gash’s CG mode necessitates the creation of a more detailed Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) because the rules in collaboration only refer to the Cooperation Agreement.
 Keywords: collaborative governance, drug control, collaboration actors

НЕСОГЛАСОВАННОСТЬ ЦЕЛЕЙ ПРИ РАЗРАБОТКЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫХ ПРОГРАММ: ОБЗОР ПРАКТИКИ И АНАЛИЗ СИТУАЦИЙ

The implementation of government programs often does not lead to the achievement of their strategic goals, to the solution of those socio-economic tasks for which they were developed. Based on the material of several state programs, the work shows that one of the significant causes of this problem is the inconsistency of the target parameters of state programs (indicators, measures, control events) with the strategic goals of these programs. The conducted research confirmed that in practice, the degree of consistency of indicators and measures (control events) of state programs with their strategic goals varies from program to program: a number of programs have approved irrelevant indicators that do not contribute to achieving the strategic goals of the relevant state programs. Another important reason for the failure to achieve both strategic and operational goals of government programs is the inconsistency of measures (control events) with the goals of government programs. The paper reveals the concept of inconsistency of goals in management, provides recommendations on the selection of agreed target parameters of government programs. A significant obstacle to improving the quality of government program management is the current methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of program implementation, according to which the main condition for the success of the implementation is the achievement of target values of indicators without taking into account the achievement of strategic goals.

A study on Interdisciplinary Curriculum for Mechanical Engineering

Abstract— This paper describes a study on an interdisciplinary curriculum for mechanical engineering. The interdisciplinary strategy presented in the present research involves departments that haven't typically worked well together to provide learners with capstone design opportunities. Teams of students from the computer and mechanical engineering departments cooperate on completing a capstone design project that gets placements from industry. The method of defining relevant design projects that coordinate with the goals of the mechanical engineering curriculum is comprehensive, as well as the amount of involvement of the industrial partner. To demonstrate the interdisciplinary morality of the design projects and how they fulfil the program's goals and objectives, the automotive sector is examined by the students. Finally, the paper focuses on challenges faced by mechanical engineering students, improve their chances of securing placements and concludes with a model interdisciplinary curriculum. Keywords— Challenges, Curriculum, Interdisciplinary, Mechanical Engineering, Placements

YEvo: A modular eukaryotic genetics and evolution research experience for high school students.

The resources for carrying out and analyzing microbial evolution experiments have become more accessible, making it possible to expand these studies beyond the research laboratory and into the classroom. We developed five connected, standards-aligned yeast evolution laboratory modules, called "yEvo," for high school students. The modules enable students to take agency in answering open-ended research questions. In Module 1, students evolve baker's yeast to tolerate an antifungal drug, and in subsequent modules, investigate how evolved yeasts adapted to this stressful condition at both the phenotype and genotype levels. We used pre- and post-surveys from 72 students at two different schools and post-interviews with students and teachers to assess our program goals and guide module improvement over 3 years. We measured changes in student conceptions, confidence in scientific practices, and interest in STEM careers. Students who participated in yEvo showed improvements in understanding of activity-specific concepts and reported increased confidence in designing a valid biology experiment. Student experimental data replicated literature findings and has led to new insights into antifungal resistance. The modules and provided materials, alongside "proof of concept" evaluation metrics, will serve as a model for other university researchers and K - 16 classrooms interested in engaging in open-ended research questions using yeast as a model system.

Using picture channel in textbooks to teach Vietnamese history

The goal of Vietnam's current general education program is to help student’s Comprehensive development of morality, intelligence, physical strength, aesthetics and basic skills, developing personal capacity, dynamism, creativity, forming the personality of socialist Vietnamese people... History as a science subject plays an important role in shaping the personality, ideology and spirit of each person, making an important contribution to realizing the goal of training the young generation. Research article image channel in current Vietnamese history textbooks.

СИНДРОМ ЭМОЦИОНАЛЬНОГО ВЫГОРАНИЯ В КОНТЕКСТЕ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ МОТИВАЦИЕЙ СОТРУДНИКОВ СОВРЕМЕННОЙ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ

The article is about a factor for decreased motivation of employees in the organization – emotional burnout syndrome. According to the survey of NAFI Analytical Center, every second employee felt emotional burnout in the past or is currently experiencing it. The author identifies main reasons for the emotional burnout syndrome and practices that contribute to the prevention of burnout. Special attention is focused on the nature of stress as the main cause of emotional burnout in employees. One solution to issues associated with burnout is the integration of comprehensive well-being programs that affect all spheres of human life. The main goal of well-being programs is to improve the quality of life of employees, increase the level of vitality and stress resistance. The classical spheres of well-being, which are the basis for the development of appropriate programs, are comparable to the classical motivation theory of A. Maslow, which describes the hierarchy of human needs, from basic physiological needs to spiritual and higher-level needs.

Национальные научные исследования в контексте общеевропейских приоритетов научного развития: опыт Норвегии

The author examines to what extent national scientific research in Norway meets the pan-European principles and priorities of scientific development. The success of the interaction between European and national research efforts is a key condition for improving the competitiveness and efficiency of research in Europe. As an associated country, Norway does not have much influence on the allocation of funds from the European budget for research, nevertheless, the country is involved in all projects implemented within the framework of the European Research Area, financing and receiving funding from the EU Framework Programs. The article examines the structure of the scientific research complex, paying special attention to the main documents and institutions that determine science policy. In addition, the author studies budget formation in the scientific field in Norway, as well as the country’s participation in the international scientific cooperation. Norway’s experience is useful for understanding how nation states organize and coordinate their participation in European programs, especially in terms of addressing current and future “great challenges”. As a result of the analysis of the scientific policy carried out in Norway, the author comes to the conclusion that R&D institutions are directly adapted to the priorities of the European level, while national authorities have limited influence on the country’s European research portfolio. The purpose of the study is to analyze the interaction of the European research policy with the national research system of Norway. Research objectives: to analyze the formation of the structure and goals of European programs; to identify changes in the instruments and goals of national scientific policy; to determine the consequences of changes in scientific policy for the Norwegian research complex; to assess the level of coincidence of the interests and practices of the national scientific community with the interests and practices of the European scientific community, which is being formed at the supranational level.

Assessment of knowledge attitude and perception about antimicrobial stewardship program among medical students

Background: An antimicrobial stewardship program (AMSP) is defined as a coordinated intervention designed to improve and measure the appropriate use of antimicrobial agents, by promoting the selection of optimal antimicrobial drug regimen including dosing, duration of therapy, and route of administration. Understanding the knowledge, attitude, and perception (KAP) of medical students and early training about antimicrobial use and resistance will help reduce the burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and further enforce the implementation of AMSP. Aims and Objectives: This study aims to assess the KAP on AMSP among medical students. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was carried out among the 2nd-year medical students. The data were collected using an online (Google Form) platform. The questionnaire was divided into five sections – demographic details, KAP, and miscellaneous questions. Results: A total of 139 students participated in the present study. In the knowledge section, 80% of participants responded correctly regarding the most important reason for AMR and 85% of them could answer about the goals of the antimicrobial stewardship program. Overall 113 (81%) students showed a positive attitude toward AMSP. Regarding the perception of the students about AMSP, 91% of students are aware of the fact that inappropriate use of antimicrobials is the major cause of AMR and strong knowledge about antimicrobials is necessary in a medical career. Conclusion: The majority of the students revealed a positive attitude toward learning more about the appropriate use of antimicrobials. Efforts should be made to strengthen their knowledge and awareness further about AMSP.

Barriers and facilitators to vaccination in Latin America: a thematic synthesis of qualitative studies.

Vaccines are often undervalued or underused for a variety of reasons, and vaccine hesitancy is a global challenge that threatens vaccine acceptance and the goals of immunization programs. This review aimed to describe the barriers and facilitators to vaccination in Latin America. The study design was a systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative studies reporting on the knowledge or attitudes of adults, parents of children at vaccination age, adolescents and health professionals towards vaccination in Latin America. The databases searched were PubMed, CENTRAL, Scopus, LILACS, SciELO, and CINAHL. A total of 56 studies were included. Facilitators included vaccination being recognized as an effective strategy for preventing infectious diseases and as a requirement for access to social assistance programs, schooling or employment. Recommendations from health professionals and positive experiences with health services were also identified as facilitators. The main barriers were lack of information or counseling, structural problems such as shortages of vaccines and limited hours of operation, the inability to afford over-the-counter vaccines or transportation to health facilities, certain religious beliefs, misconceptions and safety concerns. Qualitative research can contribute to understanding perceptions and decision-making about vaccination and to designing policies and interventions to increase coverage.

Are some individuals more susceptible to intercultural education than others? Multicultural personality predicts the effects of an intercultural training on cultural intelligence

The development of intercultural competences has become a prominent goal for many study programs in higher education. A widely used frame to measure intercultural competence is Cultural Intelligence (CQ). While empirical research has focused extensively on the development of CQ by means of (student) mobility and long-term training, the effects of short-format trainings – a more cost-effective intervention that can be provided to a large number of participants – remain understudied. Existing findings are inconclusive, and it remains unclear under which conditions, and for whom, short-format interventions are effective in improving participants’ CQ. We propose that CQ development is contingent upon individual differences in multicultural personality traits (operationalized through the Multicultural Personality Questionnaire, MPQ). More specifically, in this study we investigate (1) whether a short-format (6-hour) training improves CQ among higher education students (n = 108), and (2) whether the development of CQ is moderated by students’ social-perceptual and stress-related MPQ trait scores prior to the training. Using a pre and post-test design we found that across the whole sample, all four facets of the CQ increased after the training. We also found that some social-perceptual traits of the MPQ moderated the development of CQ: Social initiative on Metacognitive CQ, Openmindedness on Cognitive CQ, and Social initiative and Openmindedness on Motivational CQ. Additionally, we did not find a moderator effect of stress-related MPQ traits on the development of Behavioral CQ. Based on our findings, we conclude that multicultural personality influences individuals’ susceptibility to intercultural education, underscoring the importance of individualized approaches in intercultural education.

Огляд впровадження автоматизованих і роботизованих систем для оптимізації логістичних процесів у рамках проєктів та програм

In today’s world, innovations in project management are becoming a determining factor for achieving competitive advantages. This article discusses the topical issue of innovative methods of process management in projects and programs, focusing on their impact on logistical aspects. The main goal is to unleash the potential of automated and robotic systems to optimize and increase the efficiency of logistics processes in projects. The article highlights the key aspects of the implementation of automation in logistics processes, in particular the speed and accuracy of tasks, optimization of routes and planning, reduction of errors and costs, as well as ensuring continuity of work. It is noted that these aspects can significantly improve the productivity and efficiency of logistics processes, contributing to the achievement of the set goals of projects and programs. Examples of successful implementation of automated and robotic systems in real projects are provided. In particular, the implementation of a tracking system in the company SystemGroup is considered, automation of warehouse operations in Forstor Industry and the use of automated vehicles in logistics networks. These examples illustrate the concrete benefits and successes that can be achieved through the latest technologies in logistics projects. However, it is emphasized that the benefits of using automation and robotics include increased productivity, reduced errors, and increased logistics management capabilities. Innovative methods of process management in projects and programs, especially taking into account logistical aspects, are becoming an important factor in achieving high efficiency and competitiveness.

Evaluation of a Life Functioning Goal Attainment Psychosocial Treatment Program for Adults with Psychotic Disorders

Purpose: To determine if the use of an integrated goal attainment cognitive behavioral social skill training program can impact serious mental illness related treatment and life functioning avolition. Methods: The attendance and goal attainment progress of thirty-eight serious mental ill diagnosed adults admitted to psychiatric clinic’s integrated goal attainment cognitive behavioral social skills group training program were studied. Demographic (age, gender, race, education), clinical (psychiatric diagnosis, trauma history), and life experience (work, income, housing, relational status, friendship support, incarceration and drug arrest histories) variables were compared to identify possible program attendance and goal attainment level associations and differences. Results: Participants attended a mean of 8 program days of the 6 to 8-week program with younger and unmarried attending significantly more days than older and married participants. Greater attendance and participation rates were positively correlated with higher levels of assessed goal attainment. Conclusions: Individuals with serious mental illness conditions are likely to voluntarily attend and participate in psychosocial intervention programs focused on major area life functioning goal attainment. Higher levels of attendance and participation were associated with higher levels of short-term goal attainment. Functioning focused psychosocial interventions may be effective in reducing serious mental illness related avolition.

Virtual site visits - an emerging option for experiential quality assurance

Background and purposeSite visits are a valuable tool for experiential quality assurance. There is sparse literature regarding the use of a virtual modality for completion of site visits. This manuscript describes the experience of using of onsite and virtual site visits, including benefits and limitations of each approach, by two pharmacy experiential programs. Educational activity and settingEach experiential program utilizes both virtual and onsite visits to assess site quality, provide preceptor development, and connect with sites and preceptors. Information gathered and documentation processes are similar for both institutions for both visit modalities. The two pharmacy institutions differ in size, geographical location, number of experiential sites, and experiential department structure. FindingsBased on site evaluator feedback from the two institutions, both visit modalities achieved the goals of evaluating sites for quality, fostering relationships with preceptors, and affording opportunities to provide preceptor development. Positive features of virtual site visits were increased flexibility with scheduling, expanded participation and engagement, increased efficiency, and decreased cost. Drawbacks noted with virtual site visits were challenges touring the site, decreased ability to observe group dynamics and culture, and participant multi-tasking. SummaryA virtual approach to completing experiential site visits achieved programmatic goals. Utilizing a combination of virtual and onsite visits may facilitate a customized approach to navigating the advantages and disadvantages of each modality.