Goal Setting Mechanisms Research Articles

An Analysis of the Application of Target Cost Management in Enterprise Economic Management

Target cost management, as an important management method, can optimize the effect of economic management through effective systematic management procedures and structures in enterprise economic management, to strengthen cost control and promote the effective improvement of enterprise management level. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the application of target cost management in enterprise economic management, by analyzing the importance of target cost management, application dilemma, and application strategy, put forward the key points that need to be paid attention to in the implementation of the target cost management, the enterprise should set up an effective goal-setting mechanism, strengthen the cost control and efficiency enhancement, and strengthen the performance evaluation and incentive mechanism, to realize the cost control and efficiency enhancement, and to improve the enterprise's competitiveness and profitability.

Effectiveness of the mechanism of goal-setting norms of administrative law: concept, essence and meaning

Based on the analysis of various approaches, theoretical and legal ideas regarding the effectiveness of the goal-setting mechanism of administrative law norms have been determined, and the author’s point of view has been expressed on some fundamental aspects of the problem.
 It is noted that the author is a supporter of the so-called complex approach, according to which the evaluation of any phenomenon from the point of view of its effectiveness has a multifaceted orientation. At the same time, it should be noted that, taking into account the specificity and content of the mechanism of goal-setting norms of administrative law, the basis of such an assessment is the priority approach, according to which the analysis of the achievement of real final results by the mechanism of goal-setting norms of administrative law, embodied in the legal consequences of the implementation of norms, is carried out . At the same time, among the aspects of such an analysis there is a block of social and economic evaluations, where the priority of one or another aspect in one or another case is determined depending on the nature, level, or direction of one or another group of norms of administrative law that is subject to evaluation - that is, it is the direct subject of evaluation on efficiency.
 It is emphasized that the effectiveness of the goal-setting mechanism of administrative law is not limited by social or economic aspects. This mechanism can be evaluated for political purposes (determines the effectiveness of the goal-setting mechanism in terms of the state’s ability to perform internal and external functions, etc.); psychological (evaluates the ability of the goal-setting mechanism to ensure the perception of the norms of administrative law by their addressees); conflict (determines the ability of the goal-setting mechanism to influence the level of conflict in society as a whole, in a certain social group, team, etc.) and other aspects.
 It has been established that the effectiveness of the goal-setting mechanism of administrative law norms is a complex category that includes a set of criteria and indicators that determine the level of achievement by the process of formulating and adjusting the goals of administrative law norms of specific social, economic, political or other results, which is manifested as a result of the implementation of the specified norms.

Conditions for the effectiveness of the mechanism of goal-setting norms of administrative law: concepts and varieties

Based on the analysis of various approaches, the conditions of effectiveness of the mechanism of goal-setting norms of administrative law are outlined: concepts and varieties, and the author's point of view is expressed on some fundamental aspects of the problem.
 It is noted that the conditions for the effectiveness of the goal-setting mechanism of administrative law norms in comparison with the effectiveness of the legal regulation mechanism, the effectiveness of administrative law norms or their implementation have their own specifics, but in general, the same theoretical models are the basis of their delineation. As the author notes, the conditions for the effectiveness of the goal-setting mechanism of administrative law are circumstances and/or features of reality of a general and special nature that ensure the effectiveness of the goal­setting process of administrative law. Secondly, it is advisable to divide the specified conditions into general and special ones.
 Among the general conditions for the effectiveness of the mechanism of goal-setting norms of administrative law, in particular, the following are outlined: compliance of the specified mechanism with general laws and principles of self-organization of society and other systemic phenomena; correlation of the goal-setting mechanism of administrative law norms with the needs of social development; compliance of the goal-setting mechanism with the specific historical conditions of the functioning of administrative law; compliance of the goal-setting mechanism with the real needs and interests of those subjects, the relations between which are regulated by the norms of administrative law, etc.
 Among the special factors of effectiveness of the mechanism of goal-setting of norms of administrative law, the following can be mentioned: the objective determination of the activity of the law-making subject during the determination of the goal and the assignment of norms of administrative law or their groups; features of administrative law­making as a result of the creative process; the level of legal awareness of subjects of relevant administrative legal relations; conformity of the goal-setting mechanism of administrative law norms to the theoretical and practical results of scientific research (social, precise, natural, technical, etc.), the objects of which are simultaneously objects of administrative legal relations, etc.

Стратегическое планирование в государственном управлении как система институциональных инструментов и механизмов целеполагания

The article is devoted to the subject field of political science research within the scientific specialty “Public Administration and sectoral policies” and the analysis of the practice of state strategic planning as a political system of institutional instruments and goal-setting mechanisms in the Russian Federation. The article discusses public political and legal mechanisms for combining values and goals with the choice of ways and methods to achieve them. The constitutional exclusivity and independence of each branch of government as the basis of its strategic resource and strategic planning potential is highlighted as the fundamental public political and legal mechanism for combining values and goals with the choice of ways and methods to achieve them. A general description of the architecture of the unified system of public power in accordance with the amendments to the Constitution of Russia and the current configuration of the public administration system is given. The importance of political factor of the effectiveness of the administration of strategic management system and the implementation of sectoral policies in modern Russia on the basis of the mechanisms of coordinated functioning and interaction of public authorities and local self-government in a single system of public authority is shown. Fundamental changes are highlighted that make it possible to significantly increase the efficiency of the federal government in a unified system of public authority with an emphasis on the implementation of national development goals of both the Russian Federation as a whole and the regions based on the sectoral structure of the economy. Attention is focused on the political goals of the regional factor of socio-economic development of territories on the basis of mechanisms and tools of strategic planning, the directions of fundamental political, legal, administrative and managerial decisions on the implementation of the regional investment standard are determined. The role of federal institutions of innovative development and provision of infrastructure projects and programs for solving the tasks of ensuring sustainable economic growth and diversification of the modern Russian economy, which cannot be optimally implemented by market mechanisms, was demonstrated. Conclusions are drawn about the importance of the interpretative understanding of politics as a system of institutional tools and goal-setting mechanisms in the political and legal practice of state strategic planning for determining promising directions in the subject field of scientific research within the specialty “Public Administration and sectoral policies”, for solving problems of improving the quality of public administration through the introduction of a management model based on big data and artificial intelligence, the transition of the public authority system to a data-based management model using a platform approach.

Agents’ ontologies negotiation in cohesive hybrid intelligent multi-agent systems

The paper proposes the model for negotiating intelligent agents’ ontologies in cohesive hybrid intelligent multi-agent systems. Intelligent agent in this study will be called relatively autonomous software entity with developed domain models and goal-setting mechanisms. When such agents have to work together within single hybrid intelligent multi-agent systems to solve some problem, the working process “go wild”, if there are significant differences between the agents’ “points of view” on the domain, goals and rules of joint work. In this regard, in order to reduce labor costs for integrating intelligent agents into a single system, the concept of cohesive hybrid intelligent multi-agent systems was proposed that implement mechanisms for negotiating goals, domain models and building a protocol for solving the problems posed. The presence of these mechanisms is especially important when building intelligent systems from intelligent agents created by various independent development teams.

Стратегічне цілепокладання як системоутворюючий фактор стратегування соціально-економічного розвитку країни

The present day strategizing is a single technological complex and a continuous process of creating a National strategy for socio-economic development. The National strategy is a comprehensive document containing the most important directions, mechanisms, methods of public administration, which are based on long-term priorities, goals and objectives of the policy of public authorities. In order to implement the National strategy, documents of the State strategic management system are developed, agreed on long-term socio-economic goals and priorities. Therefore, the creation of a mechanism of goal-setting at the present stage of Ukraine’s development is a key direction in the formation of a strategizing system. The article is concerned with examining the theoretical principles of goal-setting, determining the place and role of strategic goal-setting in the process of strategizing the socio-economic development at the national level. It is substantiated that strategic goal-setting is a system-creating factor of strategizing and a fundamental process of development or actualization of the National strategy and forms a tree of goals consisting of the following mandatory elements: strategic vision, mission, priorities, value, general goal, strategic goals, operational goals. The analysis of problems of goal-setting in the strategies of socio-economic development of Ukraine, including in the regions, is carried out and recommendations for improving the system of strategic goal-setting are proposed. On this basis, the author has developed a comprehensive mechanism of strategic goal-setting for practical use in the process of creating or actualizing the strategies of different levels. The proposed strategic goal-setting mechanism is directed towards taking into account the specifics of an actor of strategizing, defining the conceptual bases for strategizing, formulation and approval of the goal tree in the construction of the National strategy for socio-economic development, and also includes standards for public participation in the process of strategic goal-setting.

Forecasting and Strategic Goal-Setting Mechanisms of Social-Economic Development of the Russian Federation

In this article, the authors carried out the analysis of principle implementation and application efficiency of strategic forecasting and strategic goal-setting mechanisms in the field of social-economic development. According to the authority distribution in the state management system, we propose to optimize the set of basic documents of strategic planning. Taking into account the criteria of necessity and sufficiency, as well as the existing mechanisms of state management, the scope of regulation, purpose and functional tasks of strategic planning documents at the federal and sectoral levels are specified.

Причины, сфера проявления и особенности споров в бюджетной сфере

The article is devoted to identifying the features of conflicts in the public sector as a basis for disputes, including with the participation of courts. The concept of «public interests» is introduced, on the basis of which the characteristic of disputes in the budgetary sphere is given as a dispute between the parties, relations between which are based on the method of legal inequality. It is concluded that by virtue of the law, the ruling party gives instructions to the subordinate party to do something in relation to the budget, but not always the public interests of the parties to the legal relationship are equally protected by law, which is not sufficiently manifested in the practice of legal support of budgetary activities. Since the efforts of the legislator to regulate budgetary relations are mainly aimed at ensuring procedural activities, they almost do not affect the goal-setting mechanism, so the subordinate party has no opportunity to challenge the management decision that infringes the implementation of the public interests of the subordinate party. By virtue of the above, the courts do not participate in the consideration of issues that go beyond the procedure for spending budget funds and the application of appropriate sanctions. Therefore, frequent cases of arbitrariness of the powerful party in budgetary legal relations remain without proper judicial protection. To solve the problem, it is required to introduce the institution of goal-setting in the budget legislation, so that it will be possible to talk about the proper provision of public interests in the budget sphere.

English-language media discourse in the digital age: psychological mechanisms of functioning

The article raises the problem of the English-language media discourse which in its interaction with the basic psychological mechanisms of human consciousness (goal-setting, attitude and reflection) at the age of digitalization has created a new form of media discourse environment providing communication and influence on both native English speakers and non-native ones. The theoretical, as well as statistical and content analyses conducted in the research, allowed identifying two media blocks (two types of media discourses) in the English-speaking media world that have different goal-setting mechanisms, attitudes and reflection levels. The findings of the study based on the example of a political theme zone frequently circulated in the English-language media discourse demonstrated how the interaction and mutual influence between the psychological mechanisms and the media discourse are changed and depend on whether the information flow is generated by the institutional English-language media discourse or it is presented and promoted by individual media actors.

Психологические аспекты взаимосвязи механизмов сознания и индивидуализации обучения

The article covers the problem of the relationship of teacher’s consciousness and the individualization of learning. Special attention is paid to the historical aspects of the problem of individualization of education and its various interpretations in the works of researchers. It is shown that today the situation of social uncertainty, which requires a person to constantly choose a social position, action, way of achieving their goals, stands behind the problem of educational individualization. The professional consciousness of the teacher is considered as a form of life of the subject, providing a solution to professional problems in the process of teaching. Taking into account the relationship between consciousness and the individualization of learning, the authors show how this problem is resolved when the reflection and goal-setting mechanisms are included in the paradigm of joint activities between a teacher and a student, ensuring the development of professional and pedagogical consciousness at the stage of higher education. Thus, educational and professional activities and mechanisms for the development of consciousness of subjects of activity, conditioning each other, find their place in the context of solving problems of implementing the individualization of learning of the subject (child).

Justification of the methodological approach to formation of the parties of innovation activities in holdings

The paper presents the problematic area of the formation of the parties of innovation activities in holdings and its methodological justification. The objective preconditions for differentiating intersubject interactions as a part of innovation activity with the participation of holdings are considered. Features of the formation of innovation strategies and goal-setting mechanisms are structured; their features in large enterprises are emphasized. The importance of determining the optimal parties of the innovation network as a factor of increasing the efficiency of implementation of innovation activity is substantiated. The external and internal environments of the holding are considered as sources of attracting participants of innovation activity. Features of the procedure for selecting the structure of innovation activity, complicated by the conditions of multi- project environment, are presented. Positive effects from the introduction of the scientific approach to the determination of the parties of innovation activity were revealed.

Constructing and evaluating online goal-setting mechanisms in web-based portfolio assessment system for facilitating self-regulated learning

The purpose of the present study was to construct goal-setting mechanisms in a web-based portfolio assessment system (WBPAS), based on the self-regulated learning (SRL) process proposed by Zimmerman, and to examine effects of these mechanisms on SRL. The participants were two classes of 11th graders taking the website design class in a vocational high school. The participants were assigned randomly to either an experimental group (n = 40) learning with a WBPAS or a control group (n = 41) learning with a paper-based portfolio. The study results revealed the following: a) the quality of goal-setting mechanisms may facilitate SRL. b) Students setting learning goals with the WBPAS demonstrated significantly better SRL than students setting learning goals with the paper-based portfolio.

Semantic and structural analysis of web-based learning resources

Semantic and structural analysis of web-based learning resources

The role of project target clarity in an uncertain project environment

Product development is recognized as cross‐functional teamwork that has become important in the fast‐paced, globally competitive environment. Despite an extant body of knowledge on the importance of fuzzy front‐end planning and functions of goals in the management literature, the impact of uncertain project environment and goal setting mechanisms in front‐end planning is not fully understood. Product development literature presents numerous case studies or conceptual papers that emphasize the importance of upfront planning and a need for team building; however, large‐scale empirical studies are rare. This paper presents a model linking uncertain project environment, project target clarity, teamwork and its outcome measures (i.e. a product's value to customer and time to market). The data were analyzed from 205 product development projects of firms from the USA and Canada. Valid and reliable instruments were developed to assess the nature and impact of inter‐relationships of these variables. Results from structural model tests indicate that uncertain project environment influences the nature of project targets which in turn affects the level of teamwork. Teamwork is an important process outcome for enhancing value to customer and time to market. Management implications are discussed as well.

Power and Goal Setting in Channel Negotiations

The authors investigate the use of a moderately high externally set profitability constraint as a goal-setting mechanism for controlling channel negotiators. Equal and high power channel members are shown to be made more profitable by the constraint. Low power channel members are shown to be made less profitable by the same constraint. The analysis is done in the context of an experimental market simulation that reveals the impact of the constraint and power variables on both quantity and quality of transactions completed as well as dynamics of negotiations over time.