Goal-directed Design Research Articles

Learning to Listen Properly: Participatory Digital Projects at the German Maritime Museum Based on Iterative Co-Creation

At the German Maritime Museum, the user-centered approach of the digitization department has emerged as a driving force for implementing an open and participatory strategy. The department establishes long-term cooperations with various focus groups and partner institutions. These are particularly valuable for the continuous improvement of our digital infrastructures. At the heart of our participatory work lies a Goal-Directed Design approach, which focuses on understanding user needs and motivations. This approach helps us to maintain clarity in complex and heterogeneous projects and to communicate with non-technical users, enabling them to participate in the discussion of future use scenarios. In such co-creative processes, we have found web-based applications—especially Progressive Web Apps (PWAs)—to be particularly valuable due to their accessibility and flexibility. This paper illustrates our interdisciplinary design-led working process through a case study in school education. Additionally, it explores how the German Maritime Museum as a whole has developed further through increased participation: close transdisciplinary collaboration allows us to embed our practical methodological knowledge across the organization. This consistent commitment to participation is already reshaping the museum, giving it new citizen-centered roles.

Implementation Of Goal-Directed Design in the Development of the Jogja Tourist Travel Planning Website Application

Jogja is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Indonesia. Tourists who come to Jogja are mostly backpackers, family tourists, and tour groups. Jogja is indeed famous for its popular tourist attractions, such as Prambanan Temple, Malioboro, and Mount Merapi. However, tourists who do not know much about tourism in Jogja will find it difficult to design their travel plans. Therefore, the existence of Jogja travel planning website application will help tourists in planning their trip. This Jogja travel itinerary website application is designed using the Goal-directed design method because tourists have different types and characteristics so that their tourist interests will be different. This research will focus on the goals and needs of users with the stages of research, modeling, requirements, framework, design refinement, interface implementation, and usability testing. From the results of usability testing on the Jogja travel planning website application, we obtained an effectiveness value with a success rate of 100%, efficiency with the longest average time-based efficiency value T1, namely 0.016 goal/sec and the fastest time-based efficiency, namely T5 with a value of 0.093 goal/sec, as well as satisfaction with an average value of 80.7, which means it is acceptable with a good rating and a rating scale of C.

Design and Evaluation of Mobile Application Interface for Expert System of Drug Selection with Local Wisdom using Goal-Directed Design and Heuristic Evaluation Approach

User interfaces play an essential role in computerized systems, especially expert systems, by facilitating communication between the user and the system. In expert systems designed to replicate experts' decision-making skills, the user interface is critical for receiving information from users and enabling effective interaction with the system. Through this interface, users can enter data and then find a solution to a problem. This research aims to create an interface design for an expert system on medicines with local wisdom. This interface design is needed to create an environment in the form of a system to preserve information about medicines with local wisdom. The approach used in designing the interface is a goal-directed design approach, and a heuristic evaluation approach is used to evaluate the design results. The research results are a high-fidelity mockup with good evaluation ratings, where none of the severity ratings obtained from 25 respondents got a score of more than 1. However, there are two aspects with a score close to 1, namely aspect nine with 0,97 severity ratings score and aspect ten with 0,98. Both focus on the absence of a contact menu that users can contact if they have problems using the application they have created. However, this can be minimized by adding information to the instructions menu section, which is already in the initial design.

Analysis and design of UI and UX of the Taring application using goal-directed design and cognitive walkthrough methods

Taring is a web-based application used for online administrative services for both Indonesian citizens and foreign nationals in the field of population administration. It is published by the Denpasar Population and Civil Registration Office. The taring application was released on June 8, 2020, and includes features such as managing Family Cards, e-IDs, Change of Residence Letters, and Legalization. Analysis and evaluation of the Taring application are necessary to improve usability, quality of use, and the provided information. This is achieved through the utilization of the Goal-Directed Design method and the Cognitive Walkthrough method in its process. The employed analysis and design method is Goal-Directed Design, which focuses on designing and developing interactive systems to make them more useful, with a focus on the diverse goals of the users. The evaluation methods used are the Cognitive Walkthrough and the System Usability Scale questionnaire, which assess usability and the application's usage based on observations of the users. The results of the Cognitive Walkthrough testing revealed 20 issues related to user interface and user experience, while the research findings indicated an increase in effectiveness and efficiency. The research also demonstrated an improvement in usability using the System Usability Scale method, with the score rising from 50.8 (E) to 88.9 (A).

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF USER INTERFACE IN REPARATION APPLICATIONS USING THE GOAL DIRECTED DESIGN METHOD

This research aims to redesign the user interface of the Reparation application, a motorcycle repair service in Makassar, using the Goal-Directed Design (GDD) method. Data collection was carried out through interviews and questionnaires with 20 users, and the data was processed using the System Usability Scale (SUS). The initial test obtained an average SUS score of 46.375 with a "Not Acceptable" rating. The second test used a new design prototype, which achieved an average score of 84.5 with an "Acceptable" rating. These results indicate an improvement in interface quality from the "Poor" category to "Excellent". With an average score of 84.5 in the second test, the new design has met the standard average SUS of 68. Thus, the prototype design using GDD has successfully met user needs and produced an attractive and user-friendly interface.

Refining Web-Based Job Search through Goal-Directed Design Improvement

This study aims to improve a job search web application that not only addressed usability problems but also surpassed user expectations. A recently released job search web application was found to have usability problems during interviews with the Information Technology division. To measure the usability of the application and provide recommendations for improvement, the study uses the Goal-Directed Design framework, Performance Measurement method, and System Usability Scale measurement method. The evaluation was conducted twice, with the first assessment identifying problems and the second evaluation measuring the effectiveness of the recommendations made. The website prototype was developed and passed all test scenarios with an A+ grade. The modifications make important level of effectiveness, achieving an A+ grade with an 85% effectiveness rate. Furthermore, the website received exceptional user satisfaction, with an A+ rating and a score of 85.5 in usability satisfaction.

목표 지향 디자인 방법론에 근거한 메타버스 수업설계 전략 개발 연구

본 연구는 메타버스에서 수업을 설계하기 위해 필요한 수업설계 전략을 개발하는 데 목적이 있다. 그동안 교육 분야에서의 메타버스와 관련한 다양한 연구들이 진행되었지만 주로 플랫폼의 기능과 활용, 기존 수업 콘텐츠의 대체 적용에 집중되었다. 본 연구는 교육 공간으로서 메타버스에 주목하고, 인터랙션 디자인 방법을 수업설계에 접목하고자 시도했다. 이를 위해 메타버스의 세부 기능에 초점을 두는 것이 아닌 디지털 제품, 환경, 시스템, 서비스 전반을 디자인하는 인지과학 기반의 목표 지향 디자인 방법론을 적용하였다. 우선, 체계적 문헌 연구를 통해 선행연구 55편을 분석하여 1차 연구 결과를 도출하였다. 이후 교육공학 전문가, 사용자 경험 디자인 전문가, 학교 교육 전문가 등이 참여하는 전문가 타당화 과정을 거쳐 메타버스 수업설계 전략을 최종적으로 개발하였다. 그 결과 메타버스 수업설계 전략은 ‘학습 퍼소나 모델 설계’, ‘학습경험 시나리오 설계’, 그리고 ‘메타버스 공간설계’의 3가지 구성 요소가 도출되었다. 구성 요소별로 학습 퍼소나 설계에서 2개, 학습경험 시나리오 설계에서 2개, 메타버스 공간설계에서 3개 등 총 7개의 설계 전략이 도출되었다. 이후 7개의 설계 전략을 구체화하여 31개의 설계 지침이 제시되었다. 본 연구를 통해 가상공간에서의 새로운 교육환경으로서 메타버스의 활용 가능성과 향후 확장을 위한 과제에 대해 논의하였다.

Evaluation and Redesign of Telkom University’s Open Library Website Interface Using the Goal Directed Design (GDD) Method

As a university with World Class University quality, Telkom University provides information services with a website as the main source of libraries for its students. The website is called Open Library which provides information on all library collections owned by Telkom University which are open and can be loaned. One of the missions of this website is "To play an active role in increasing interest in reading and writing in the community". Because, a good digital library website is a library website that can increase the reading interest of users. Interface design is one of the most important elements to support the quality of digital libraries. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the design and provide design solutions for the interface of the Open Library website. . The final evaluation used in this study used the System Usability Scale method. The System Usability Scale (SUS) is a measure of the usability of a product using a 10-question questionnaire developed by John Brooke. Of the 20 respondents who had filled out the questionnaire in the final evaluation, the result was 74.45. Where 74.45 is a score that has passed the average standard value of SUS

Perancangan Aplikasi Monitoring Kalori Sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Penyakit Diabetes Mellitus Berbasis Android

There are still many people who pay less attention to calories, both the amount of calorie needs of the body and the number of calories that have been consumed. One of the contributing factors is the difficulty of manually calculating the number of calories itself. Meanwhile, consulting with nutritionists is expensive.It's very risky for health. So made an application monitoring the number of calories. It applies goal directed design (GDD) method. In this study, usability test was conducted using 3 aspects of usability, namely effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction in accordance with ISO-9241-11 standard that produces effectiveness value of 97%, efficiency value of 66%, and satisfaction value of 86.75%. A total of 92.5% of respondents felt helped in calculating their calorie count. 97.5% of respondents felt more alert to diabetes after using the app, and 62.5% of respondents said that they would re-use the app for daily use in the future.

Self-assembly monomolecular engineering towards efficient and stable inverted perovskite solar cells

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with monolayer-modified anodes are promising for high efficiency and stability devices with simplified configuration. Though preliminary studies on modified anodes by small organic molecules were reported, the goal-directed design and regulation of such compounds have been sparsely reported so far, thus limiting device performances. Herein, D-o-D type triphenylamine derivatives with non-conjugated linkage of sp3 oxygen are proposed to finely tune the energy level alignment and enhance the defect passivation at the ITO/perovskite interface, thus facilitating the efficient charge extraction at the anodes. The optimized molecules considerably ameliorate the photovoltaic performances of the corresponding inverted PSCs, engendering a preeminent power-conversion-efficiency (PCE) of 20.57% with negligible hysteresis. Remarkably, a good long-term stability is recorded for the unencapsulated device with over 94% of the initial PCE maintained after 180 days storage in N2 condition. Those improved performances validate the feasibility of the D-o-D molecules for cost-effective PSCs with high-efficiency, and excellent long-term stability.

Goal-Directed Design Agents: Integrating Visual Imitation With One-Step Lookahead Optimization for Generative Design

Abstract Engineering design problems often involve large state and action spaces along with highly sparse rewards. Since an exhaustive search of those spaces is not feasible, humans utilize relevant domain knowledge to condense the search space. Deep learning agents (DLAgents) were previously introduced to use visual imitation learning to model design domain knowledge. This note builds on DLAgents and integrates them with one-step lookahead search to develop goal-directed agents capable of enhancing learned strategies for sequentially generating designs. Goal-directed DLAgents can employ human strategies learned from data along with optimizing an objective function. The visual imitation network from DLAgents is composed of a convolutional encoder–decoder network, acting as a rough planning step that is agnostic to feedback. Meanwhile, the lookahead search identifies the fine-tuned design action guided by an objective. These design agents are trained on an unconstrained truss design problem modeled as a sequential, action-based configuration design problem. The agents are then evaluated on two versions of the problem: the original version used for training and an unseen constrained version with an obstructed construction space. The goal-directed agents outperform the human designers used to train the network as well as the previous feedback-agnostic versions of the agent in both scenarios. This illustrates a design agent framework that can efficiently use feedback to not only enhance learned design strategies but also adapt to unseen design problems.

Pembangunan Dashboard untuk Mendukung Analisis Kartu Rencana Studi dan Kartu Hasil Studi Mahasiswa

At the beginning of every semester, students register for their classes resulting in KRS (student study plan) and at the end of the semester, they will receive KHS (academic transcript). KRS and KHS are recorded into the university’s system to be used for different kinds of analysis including strategic planning and accreditation. The purpose of this research is to create a dashboard to visualize data from KRS and KHS based on several Key Indicator Performance (KPI) using goal-directed design method. Performance metrics method is used to evaluate the user interface of the dashboard with 71% binary success. User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ) is also used to evaluate user experience showing scores of 1.96, 1.93, 1.77, 1.88 and 1.86 for attraction, stimulation, novelty, clarity and efficiency, respectively. These scores can be translated using the Comparison to Benchmark Scale table which shows good for both clarity and efficiency, and excellent for attraction, stimulation and novelty.

The virtual laboratory for turning machine operations using the goal-directed design method in the production system laboratory as simulation devices

Virtual laboratory is an interactive learning media that is more effective than conventional media. The implementation and development of the virtual laboratory technology was carried out in the production system laboratory of the Industrial Engineering Department. This is an improvement effort from previous research that still has some shortcomings, especially in aspects of user interaction with the virtual environment. This development is increasingly important because of the frequency of human error when practical activities are running. The development of this virtual laboratory follows the ADDIE model which includes the process of analyzing, designing, developing, implementation, and evaluation. The method for developing virtual laboratories is carried out using the principle of Goal-Directed Design which focuses on user goals. GDD consists of several phases, namely research, modeling, requirements definition, framework definition, refinement, and development support. The output of this method is a virtual laboratory application that has been created with a unity 3D game engine and will be installed on HTC Vive Pro hardware. Evaluation is carried out using a Likert scale by considering aspects of evaluating functional and non-functional requirements. Functional aspects consist of aspects of interaction, visualization, and information. Nonfunctional aspects consist of aspects of usability, performance, and reliability.

Virtual laboratory application based on virtual reality simulation as training tool of turning machine using goal-directed design method

This study aims to develop a virtual laboratory application based on virtual reality simulation as a training tool for turning machines. The application is built as a solution for manufacturing engineering education problems at the Production System Laboratory (PSL) in the Industrial Engineering Department, Diponegoro University. Problem based on work accident data shows human error from the student when using turning machines. The data shows that lack of student understanding due to insufficient of preliminary training at the beginning of manufacturing engineering education especially physical skills training. Virtual Reality Simulation is chosen because conventional machining training has some restrictions in execution. Furthermore, virtual reality simulation can reduce cost, improve safety, and add flexibility along with advances in computer technology. For this Research the Goal-Directed Design (GDD) method was chosen to develop VR simulation. This method is used as a procedure to accomplish the good design of application which including research, modelling, requirements, framework, refinement, and support. The application is built using Unity 3D software and run on Oculus Quest hardware. At the evaluation phase for assessing the needs, researchers use functional and non-functional requirements. Functional requirements consist of interaction, visualization, and information. Non-functional requirements consist of usability, performance, and reliability.

Correction: Using Goal-Directed Design to Create a Mobile Health App to Improve Patient Compliance With Hypertension Self-Management: Development and Deployment.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2196/14466.].

Using Goal-Directed Design to Create a Mobile Health App to Improve Patient Compliance With Hypertension Self-Management: Development and Deployment.

BackgroundHypertension is a lifestyle-induced chronic disease that threatens the lives of patients. Control of hypertension requires patients to follow self-management regimes; unfortunately, however, patient compliance with hypertension self-management is low, especially in developing countries. Improvement of patient compliance is premised on meeting patient needs. Mobile health apps are becoming increasingly popular for self-management of chronic diseases. However, few mobile apps have been designed to meet patient needs for hypertension self-management.ObjectiveThe goal of this study was to develop a mobile health app to improve patient compliance with hypertension self-management and evaluate the effectiveness of the app in terms of patient compliance.MethodsThe goal-directed design method was applied to guide study design. We divided the study into 4 stages. Stages 1 to 3 comprised the development process. To improve the applicability of the goal-directed design method to chronic disease management, we extracted elements of user models concerned with patient compliance and defined a concrete process for user modeling. In stage 1, personas of hypertensive patients were built using qualitative and quantitative methods. Clustering methods based on questionnaire responses were used to group patients. Qualitative interviews were conducted to identify the needs of different groups. In stage 2, several functional modules were designed to meet the needs of different groups based on the results from stage 1. In stage 3, prototypes of functional modules were designed and implemented as a real app. Stage 4 was the deployment process, in which we conducted a pilot study to investigate patient compliance after using the app. Patient compliance was calculated through the frequency with which they took blood pressure measurements. In addition, qualitative interviews were conducted to learn the underlying reasons for the compliance results.ResultsIn stage 1, patients were divided into 3 groups based on 82 valid questionnaire responses. Eighteen patients from the different groups (7, 5, and 6 patients) were interviewed, and the needs of the groups were summarized as follows: improve self-management ability, enhance self-management motivation, and receive self-management support. In stages 2 and 3, 6 functional modules were designed and implemented based on specified needs, and the usability of the app was improved through usability tests. In stage 4, 143 patients were recruited to use different versions of the app for 2 months. Results show that patient compliance improved as functional modules were added (P<.001) and was maintained at a high level (rate of 0.73). Interview results from 32 patients show that the design of the app met different needs; thus, patients were more compliant with it.ConclusionsThis study developed a mobile health app for hypertension self-management using the goal-directed design method. The app proved to be effective for improving patient compliance with hypertension self-management.

Implementation Of Goal-Directed Design Method Multimedia English Learning For Early Childhood

Learning media more interesting in the delivery of learning materials to children, should the learning given in the form of multimedia that entertain and educate. The objective of the research is to design and make multimedia-based application of English learning as an alternative, which is easy to learn and understand by early child. Using the Goal Directed Design method developed by Alan Cooper, this concept emphasizes the user’s purpose in designing an interface, so the system is expected to be easy to use. At the research stage, the interview was conducted on English teachers in TK Islam Al-Hikmah Tangkilan and psychologist. In product testing, participants were 30 students of Kindergarten B which were divided into 2 test groups. From the results of paired pairs the first group obtained the results of statistical tests before using multimedia average value of 56,00 with standard deviation of 14,541 and correlation pairs of test data of 0.655. In the second group test the average score of 60.67 with the standard deviation of 7.988 before using multimedia and the average value 89.33 with the standard deviation of 8.837 after using the English language multimedia. From the results of paired correlation test of 0.715. Shows a very strong relationship in improving understanding of vocabulary in early childhood.

Facile Synthesis of GdF₃:Yb3+, Er3+, Tm3+@TiO₂-Ag Core-Shell Ellipsoids Photocatalysts for Photodegradation of Methyl Orange Under UV, Visible, and NIR Light Irradiation.

To enhance solar energy utilization efficiency, goal-directed design of architectures by combining nanocomponents of radically different properties, such as plasmonic, upconversion, and photocatalytic properties may provide a promising method to utilize the most energy in sunlight. In this work, a new strategy was adopted to fabricate a series of plasmonic Ag nanoparticles decorated GdF3:Yb3+, Er3+, Tm3+-core@porous-TiO2-shell ellipsoids, which exhibit high surface area, good stability, broadband absorption from ultraviolet to near infrared, and excellent photocatalytic activity. The results showed that photocatalytic activities of the as-obtained photocatalysts was higher than that of pure GdF3:Yb3+, Er3+, Tm3+ and GdF3:Yb3+, Er3+, Tm3+@TiO2 samples through the comparison of photodegradation rates of methyl orange under UV, visible, and NIR irradiation. The possible photocatalytic mechanism indicates that hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radical play a pivotal role in the photodegradation. Furthermore, the materials also showed exceptionally high stability and reusability under UV, visible, and NIR irradiation. All these results reveal that core-shell hierarchical ellipsoids exhibit great prospects for developing efficient solar photocatalysts.

Designing Social Question-and-Answering Interaction Using Goal-Directed Design Method

A social question-and-answering (social Q&A) site is an online community where users can ask and answer questions to share their knowledge and all data are publicly accessible. The platform has caught its users’ attention and given them a new way in getting information from other users. However, the growth of social Q&A sites is still followed by some problems faced by its users. This study aims to develop an interaction design of social Q&A using goal-directed design (GDD) method. Compared to User-Centered Design method, the GDD has more specific process. The process accomplished in the development includes four phases: research, modeling, requirement definition, and framework definition. The research phase was done by conducting literature review and potential user interview. The modeling phase was carried out to explore behavior patterns, and combine them into user model. The requirement definition was conducted to determine product functionality and design. In this phase, user scenarios that describe how a persona uses the product were developed. The framework definition phase focused on an interaction framework which was conducted through six steps. The series of phases resulted in personas, scenarios, requirements, and wireframes of the product. Social Q&A product developed in the study is one that is specialized for asking and sharing information about studying abroad. The design was developed in the form of product wireframes and key path scenarios along with storyboards that describe interaction in the product. Key path scenarios were constructed based on tasks personas could perform in the product. Further works include developing visual design framework and conducting usability testing of the design to potential users.

Analysis and Implementation of Goal-Directed Design in Reproductive Health Learning Media for High School Student Case Study: Mitra Citra Remaja (MCR)

MCR as a non-governmental organization focused on providing education and other supporting activities related to reproductive health education issues to high school students. However, the efforts that have been done still get less satisfied feedback from students, because they have not been able to deliver thoroughly. This is due to the inadequate facilities used especially for a large number of participants in the school who visited and the number of MCR volunteers are limited so that the extension only covers the city of Bandung. In addition, there is no regular schedule that can be used for extension activities Thus, it takes an internet-based learning media that creates independent learning process and without limitation of space and time. One important aspect of the development of learning media is the usability that is closely related to the user interface. The approach used for designing user interface model is by using goal-directed design method. Begin by identifying user objectives and behaviours and translating into user models of learning media of reproductive health. We have tested usability with QUIM parameters of user interface model generated through goal-directed design implementation, which reaches average usability percentage more than 85%, so it can be said to comply usability element with a very good category.