Glycemic Control In Adolescents Research Articles

The effect of social support and parental monitoring on glycaemic control in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Glycaemic control is a crucial aspect of managing type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Strict glycaemic control has been proven to reduce the long-term complications of the disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of parental involvement in diabetes care and social support on glycaemic control in adolescents with T1DM. In this cross-sectional study, 94 adolescents and their parents admitted to a university hospital between January and July 2023 were included in the study. The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (PMDC-R) and Parental Monitoring Scale (MSPSS) in Diabetes Care of Adolescents with T1DM were used as data collection tools. Females constituted 63.8% of the adolescents who participated in the study and the glycaemic control of females was significantly lower than males (p < 0.05). The mean HbA1c of the adolescents was 8.65 + 1.57. In the study, PMDC-R and MSPSS scores of adolescents with good and poor glycaemic control were compared. The PMDC-R of the good control group were statistically significantly higher than the poor control group (p < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the MSPSS scores. Parental supervision plays a protective role in adolescents, and glycaemic control is better as parental supervision increases. Paediatric nurses should collaborate with parents in diabetes management. This approach may help adolescents to be more successful in diabetes management.

Psychological and Clinical Challenges in the Management of Type 1 Diabetes during Adolescence: A Narrative Review.

Adolescence, a critical period of physical and psychological development, presents unique challenges in type 1 diabetes (T1D) management due to endocrinological changes, reduced therapeutic adherence, and elevated susceptibility to psychological issues such as depression, anxiety, and eating disorders. This narrative review explores the impact of psychological and behavioral factors on glycemic control in adolescents with T1D. We examine the prevalence and influence of mental health disorders, lifestyle factors, harmful behaviors, and social dynamics on diabetes management and glycemic outcomes. Strategies for improving metabolic control are also reviewed, including cognitive behavioral therapy, technological devices, and educational interventions. The importance of tailored psychological support, family involvement, and targeted interventions to improve adherence to treatment and glycemic control in adolescents with T1D should be emphasized.

0883 Sleep and Circadian Health, Insulin Sensitivity, and Glycemic Control in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes

0883 Sleep and Circadian Health, Insulin Sensitivity, and Glycemic Control in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes

Patient-Centered Positive Factors Influencing Glycemic Control in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in China: A Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Study.

This study aimed to explore the stable longitudinalpatient-centered self-protectivefactors of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in adolescents with type 1 diabetesmellitus(T1DM). We used both cross-sectional and longitudinal datasets at the Diabetes Education Center and National Endocrine and Metabolism Centre of a university hospital in China from April 2020 to July 2022. Participants were assessed using the Adolescent Diabetic Behavior Rating Scale (DBRS), Diabetes Strengths and Resilience Measure for Adolescents (DSTAR-Teen). HbA1c and other clinical variables were obtained from the medical record at the same time. 266 adolescents (131 male, age 14.1±3.9 years) completed the cross-sectional assessments and 131 (62 male, age 14.6±3.3 years) participated in a follow-up at a 1-year visit interval. Logistic regression analysis of cross-sectional data of 266 cases showed that there were significant positive effects between pump treatment (β=0.090, OR 2.460, P=0.005), DBRS scores (β=2.593, OR 13.366, P=0.002) and the meeting of standard HbA1c (<7.5%, 58 mmol/mol). Disease duration (β=-0.071, OR 0.932, P=0.033) was negatively correlated with it. The longitudinal multivariate generalized estimation equation model showed that DBRS scores (β=3.165, OR 23.681, P=0.009) and DSTAR-Teen scores (β=0.050, OR 1.051, P=0.012) had a positive influence on the meeting of standard HbA1c over one year time of 131 cases. Self-care and resilience had higher cross-temporal stability in influencing glycemic control over time. To reach a better glycemic control and improve long-term health outcomes, attention should be paid to the detection and enhancement of these patient-centered promoters.

Diabetes Duration, Perceived Comfort with Self-Management and Glycaemic Control in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Evidence is lacking on whether diabetes duration is associated with type 1 diabetes (T1D) self-management during late adolescence before transfer from paediatric to adult care. We examined associations of diabetes duration with dimensions of perceived comfort with diabetes self-management (self-efficacy, transition readiness, diabetes distress) and glycaemic control in late adolescence. Using a cross-sectional design, we conducted a secondary analysis of baseline data of adolescents (ages 16-17 years) with T1D followed at paediatric diabetes academic hospitals in Montreal and enrolled in the Group Education Trial to Improve Transition (GET-IT-T1D). Participants completed validated questionnaires on self-efficacy (Self-Efficacy for Diabetes Self-Management Measure [SEDM], score 1 to 10), diabetes distress and transition readiness, as well as a haemoglobin (HbA1c) capillary blood test. Our primary outcome was self-efficacy. We examined associations of diabetes duration with self-efficacy, diabetes distress, transition readiness and HbA1c using linear and logistic regression models adjusted for sex, socioeconomic status, insulin pump use, glucose sensor use, and psychiatric comorbidity. Of 203 adolescents with T1D, mean diabetes duration (SD) was 7.57 (4.44) years. Mean SEDM score was 6.83 (SD 1.62). Diabetes duration was not associated with self-efficacy, diabetes distress or transition readiness. Each additional year of diabetes duration was associated with 0.11% (95% CI, 0.05 to 0.16) higher HbA1c. Whereas diabetes duration is not associated with dimensions of perceived comfort with diabetes self-management, adolescents with longer diabetes duration are at risk for higher HbA1c and may need additional support to improve glycaemic control before transition to adult care.

62-OR: Six Months Experience on Meal Announcement with Three Personalized Presets of Carbohydrates vs. Precise Carbohydrate Counting in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Using the MiniMed 780G System

Objective: To compare six months glycemic control in adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) on MiniMed 780G system that used simplified meal announcement to those that used precise carbohydrate counting. Research Design and Methods: 34 participants (12-18 years) with T1D that initiated MiniMed 780G system were randomly assigned to the Fix group (simplified meal announcement by preset of 3 personalized fixed carbohydrate amounts) or the Flex group (precise carbohydrate counting). After 3 months, participants in Fix group could choose to continue with the same regimen, or to switch to precise carbohydrate counting. HbA1c, Time in Ranges, insulin and sensor data were analyzed after 3 and 6 months. Results: TIR was 73.5±6.7% in the Fix and 80.3±7.4% in the Flex group (p=0.043) at 3 months. 88% of participants (n=15) in Fix group continued to use same regime for the additional 3 months (TIR of 72.7±7.8% in Fix group and 79.4±6.9 in Flex group, p=0.006). HbA1c below 7% was achieved in both groups, without a group difference during the study. Conclusion: Adolescents on the MiniMed 780G system using simplified meal announcement can reach and maintain international targets of glycemic control. This method may be a valuable alternative to precise carbohydrate counting in users, challenged by precise carbohydrate counting. Disclosure G.Petrovski: None. J.Campbell: None. K.Hussain: None. M.F.Pasha: None. Sidra diabetes group: n/a.

Effects of Parental Involvement on Glycemic Control in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Scoping Review.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is typically diagnosed in pediatric patients. Transitioning from supported management in childhood to self-management in adolescence is an important step. Parental psychosocial influence is a possible factor in adolescents' disease control. This review summarized the effects of parental involvement on glycemic control in adolescents with T1DM by focusing on hemoglobin A1c (HgbAIc). A scoping review per the Guidance for Systematic Scoping Reviews was conducted with the following inclusion criteria: (a) studies in English, (b) focused on adolescents with T1DM, (c) outcomes included HgbAIc, and (d) focused on parental influence of children with T1DM. Of 476 articles, 14 were included. The study outcomes were classified based on direct or indirect influence. "Parental support for adherence" and "parental conflict" significantly affected HgbAIc control. This study provides current evidence on parental influence on glycemic control in adolescents.

The associations between physical activity, health-related quality of life, regimen adherence, and glycemic control in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: A cross-sectional study

BackgroundAdolescents with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) display a greater than two-fold higher risk of developing diabetes-related complications compared with their healthy peers and the risk increases markedly as glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) increases. The majority of the known factors associated with improved glycemic control in adolescents with T1D are geared toward Western populations. Therefore, this study examined the associations between Physical Activity (PA), Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL), and regimen adherence on glycemic control in a Middle Eastern population of adolescents with T1D MethodsThe study utilized a cross-sectional design of Jordanian adolescents (aged 12–18) with T1D (n = 74). Self-reported measures used were the Pediatric Quality of Life-Diabetes Module, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities. HbA1c values were obtained from the medical records. Correlation analyses were conducted using Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation tests. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to determine if HRQoL, PA, and regimen adherence predict glycemic control. ResultsOnly 14.8 % of the participants demonstrated good glycemic control (HbA1c ≤ 7.5 %). Participants with poor control had a statistically significant lower mean PA of MET-minutes/week (3531.9 ± 1356.75 vs. 1619.81 ± 1481.95, p < .001) compared to those with good control. The total sample was found to demonstrate low HRQoL (47.70 ± 10.32). Participants were within the acceptable range of PA (1885.38 ± 1601.13) MET-minutes/week. HbA1c significantly inversely correlated with PA (r = −0.328, p = .010) and regimen adherence (r = −0.299, p = .018). The regression analysis revealed that PA significantly predicted glycemic control (β = −0.367, p < .01) as adherence (β = −0.409, p < .01) and disease duration did (β = 0.444, p < .01). ConclusionBetter glycemic control was significantly associated with higher PA and regimen adherence levels. The correlation between PA and glycemic control depends highly on the level of regimen adherence or arguably, adherence acts as a buffer in the correlation between PA and glycemic control. There was no significant association between glycemic control and HRQoL.

Associations of Executive Function With Diabetes Management and Glycemic Control in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes.

The aims of this study were to assess domains of executive function in relation to diabetes management and glycemic control in adolescents with type 1 diabetes and to compare adolescent self-report and parent proxy-report of adolescent executive function. Adolescents with type 1 diabetes (N = 169, 46% female, age 15.9 ± 1.3 years) and their parents completed self-report and parent proxy-report versions of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF). Self-report and parent proxy-report BRIEF T scores were moderately to strongly correlated; parent proxy scores were significantly higher than self-report scores. Executive function problems (Global Executive Composite T score ≥60) occurred in 9% of adolescents by self-report and 26% by parent proxy-report. For almost all Metacognition Index scales, elevated (T score ≥60) parent proxy scores were associated with lower adherence, lower adolescent diabetes self-efficacy, and more parent involvement in diabetes management. Elevated scores on several Metacognition Index scales were associated with less pump use (Plan/Organize by self-report, Initiate by parent proxy-report, and Monitor by parent proxy-report) and higher A1C (Plan/Organize by self-report and parent proxy-report and Organization of Materials by parent proxy-report). The only significant associations for the Behavioral Regulation Index scales occurred for adherence (by parent proxy-report) and diabetes self-efficacy (by self-report and parent-report). Adolescents with type 1 diabetes who have problems with metacognition may need additional support for diabetes self-management.

Hybrid closed-loop therapy with a first-generation system increases confidence and independence in diabetes management in youth with type 1 diabetes.

Hybrid closed-loop (HCL) therapy improves glycaemic control in adolescents with type 1 diabetes; however, little is known about their lived experience using these systems. The aim of this study was to explore the lived experiences of youth with type 1 diabetes using HCL therapy, and their parents, to provide insight into their lived experiences. Adolescents and young adults aged 12-25 years, who used Medtronic MiniMed™ 670G HCL system during a 6-month randomised clinical trial, and their parents, were invited to participate in a semi-structured interview at the end of the study. Open-ended questions were used to explore the lived experiences of families using HCL. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis to determine the main themes. In all, 17 young people with type 1 diabetes mean ±SD age: 17.5± 4.2 years, diabetes duration: 11.0± 4.9 years and HbA1c 64 ± 9 mmol/mol (8.0± 0.8%) and 10 parents were interviewed. Three themes were identified: (1) 'Developing confidence and trust in the system', (2) 'Reduction in anxiety' and (3) 'Issues with device'. They reported a positive experience using HCL, with improvements in glucose levels and increased independence with diabetes management. However, frustration around the number of alarms and notifications associated with the system were also identified as issues. Both youth and parents acknowledged the benefits of this first-generation HCL system in improving glycaemic outcomes and in providing flexibility and independence. These lived experiences provide valuable information in the introduction and provision of targeted education with HCL therapy.

Suboptimal glycemic control in adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes from 2011 to 2020 across Australia and New Zealand: Data from the Australasian Diabetes Data Network registry.

Competing challenges in adolescence and young adulthood can distract from optimal type 1 diabetes (T1D) self-management, and increase risks of premature morbidity and mortality. There are limited data mapping the glycemic control of people with T1D in this age group, across Australasia. Clinical data were extracted from the Australasian Diabetes Data Network, a prospective clinical diabetes registry. Inclusion criteria were individuals with T1D aged 16-25 years at their last recorded T1D healthcare visit (from 1st January 2011 to 31st December 2020), with T1D duration of at least 1 year. Data were stratified by two last recorded T1D healthcare visit ranges, while generalized estimated equation (GEE) modeling was used to examine factors associated with HbA1c across visits during the 10 year period. Data from 6329 young people (52.6% male) attending 24 diabetes centers across Australasia were included. At the last visit within the most recent 5 years, mean ± SD age was 18.5 ± 2.3 years, T1D duration was 8.8 ± 4.7 years and HbA1c was 8.8 ± 1.8% (72.2 ± 19.9 mmol/mol); only 12.3% had an HbA1c below the international target of <7.0% (53 mmol/mol). Across all T1D healthcare visits, in GEE modeling, higher HbA1c was associated with female sex (B=0.20; 95% CI 0.12 to 0.29, p < 0.001), longer T1D duration (B=0.04, 0.03 to 0.05, p < 0.001). Lower HbA1c was associated with attendance at a pediatric T1D healthcare setting (B=-0.33, -0.45 to -0.21, p < 0.001) and use of CSII versus BD/MDI therapy (B=-0.49, -0.59 to 0.40, p < 0.001). This Australasian study demonstrates widespread and persistent sub-optimal glycemic control in young people with T1D, highlighting the urgent need to better understand how healthcare services can support improved glycemic control in this population.

Glycemic control, depression, diabetes distress among adolescents with type 2 diabetes: effects of sex, race, insurance, and obesity.

To determine (1) differences in depression and distress scores between adolescents with type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), (2) how socioeconomic factors, obesity, race, and treatment regimen affect depression and diabetes distress in adolescent T2D, (3) the relationships between depression and diabetes distress scores in adolescents with T2D, and (4) how depression and diabetes distress scores relate to current and future glycemic control in adolescents with T2D. Diabetes distress is a negative emotional reaction to diabetes complications, self-management demands, unresponsive providers, poor interpersonal relationships, and to diabetes itself. It is frequently mistaken for depression and the two are interrelated. Increases in both predict poor glycemic control in adolescents with T1D. Depression (PHQ-9) and diabetes distress (PAID-T) scores from self-administered tests were studied in 364 patients with diabetes between the ages of 13-17. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to assess differences between types of diabetes, sexes, races, and insurance status. Spearman correlations, and robust rank order multivariable regression analysis were used to assess relationships. Medical records were reviewed for follow-up hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels over 3years. HbA1c was significantly lower in females with T2D than with T1D (p = 0.019) but not in males. It, also, did not differ between females and males with T2D. Median PHQ-9 score in females with T2D was significantly greater than in females with T1D (p = 0.007) but did not differ between females and males with T2D. PHQ-9 scores did not differ between males with T2D and T1D. PAID-T scores, however, were higher in males with T2D than in males with T1D but did not differ between females. PHQ-9 scores and PAID-T scores were significantly related in T2D (rs = 0.65, p < 0.001). Neither was related to HbA1c in T2D. As in adolescents with T1D, depression and diabetes distress screening scores are closely related in adolescent T2D. However, unlike T1D, they are not related to glycemic control in T2D. Depression and diabetes distress may be more closely related to weight and lifestyle concerns.

926-P: Improving Glycemic Control in Adolescents and Young Adults (AYA) with Diabetes: The University of Washington (UW) AYA Diabetes Program

Background: The UW AYA Diabetes Program is a partnership between Seattle Children’s Hospital and UW Medicine designed to meet AYA health care transition and mental health needs. Objective: To evaluate the impact of the UW AYA Diabetes Program on glycemic control. Methods: The study included 453 AYA with diabetes (baseline visit: mean age 20.8 years, 51% male, 70% Non-Hispanic White, 27% public insurance, 95% type 1 diabetes, 55% continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) use, 55% pump/automated insulin delivery use) who have received diabetes care within the UW AYA Diabetes Program for ≥6 months. Mixed-effects linear regression with a random effect for individual to account for repeated measures was used to evaluate change in A1C over time. Regression model was adjusted for age, race, ethnicity, diabetes technology use, and health insurance. Results: Mean adjusted A1C decreased steadily with increasing time in the UW AYA Diabetes Program (Figure) . The difference was statistically significant compared to baseline A1C levels by the time participants had been in the program for 2 years (8.1%, 95% CI: 7.8-8.4 vs. 8.8%, 95% CI: 8.6-9.0) . A1C improvement did not vary by age, diabetes technology use, or health insurance (all p&amp;gt;0.05) . Conclusion: The UW AYA Diabetes Program offers a promising approach to improve glycemic control in AYA transitioning from pediatric to adult diabetes care. Disclosure F.Malik: n/a. N.M.Ehrhardt: Advisory Panel; Dexcom, Inc., Novo Nordisk, Research Support; Dexcom, Inc., Merck &amp; Co., Inc., Novo Nordisk. A.Paget: None. K.Hoch: None. K.W.Weaver: None. I.B.Hirsch: Consultant; Abbott Diabetes, Bigfoot Biomedical, Inc., GWave, Roche Diabetes Care, Research Support; Beta Bionics, Inc., Insulet Corporation, Medtronic. C.Pihoker: None. C.Taplin: Advisory Panel; Insulet Corporation, Speaker's Bureau; Medtronic. A.J.Roberts: None. S.J.Lowry: None. J.Yi-frazier: None. A.Moss: None. A.Huang: None. Funding Forest Foundation, Sequoia Foundation

The Effect of Control IQ Hybrid Closed Loop Technology on Glycemic Control in Adolescents and Adults with Cystic Fibrosis-Related Diabetes.

Background: Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) is associated with pulmonary decline, compromised nutritional status, and earlier mortality. Although diabetes technology is increasingly being used in individuals with CFRD, there is a paucity of data investigating the impact of hybrid closed loop (HCL) technology on glycemia in this patient population. Materials and Methods: In this multicenter retrospective study of 13 adults and adolescents with CFRD, 14 days of continuous glucose monitor data were analyzed at baseline, 1 and 3 months after transition to the Tandem t:slim X2 pump with Control IQ™ technology, a HCL system. Results: Control IQ initiation was associated with a significant increase in % time in target range (70-180 mg/dL), as well as decreases in average glucose, % time in hyperglycemic ranges (% time >180 mg/dL, % time >250 mg/dL), and glycemic variability (standard deviation, coefficient of variation). There was no significant change in % time in hypoglycemia ranges (% time <54 mg/dL, % time <70 mg/dL). Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first study to report a beneficial effect of Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved HCL technology on glycemia in adults and adolescents with CFRD to date. Future studies are needed to understand the potential long-term glycemic benefits of HCL devices and to explore the impact of this technology on heath-related quality of life, pulmonary function, nutritional status, and mortality.

IDF21-0447 Real-world clinical experience of IDegLira in the management of adolescents with type 2 diabetes

Background: The incidence of Type 2 diabetes (T2D) in children and adolescents is rising globally and parallels the rise in childhood obesity prevalence. Until 2019, metformin and insulin were the only approved treatment options for T2D management in adolescents. Add-on therapies are recommended when treatment targets are not met. The evidence of using IDegLira fixed-ratio combination in children and adolescents is lacking. Aim: This study aims to assess the efficacy of off label use of IDegLira in Emirati adolescents. Method: The electronic medical records of all children and adolescents with T2D who were on IDegLira once daily were reviewed retrospectively, between January 2018 and December 2020. All patients who received IDegLira for at least 16 weeks were included. Anthropometric data, metabolic parameters, diabetes treatments and the total daily dose of insulin were recorded. Post initiation values at 16 weeks were compared against the baseline values using Paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed rank test. Mean (SD) are presented for normally distributed measures, median (IQR) for non-parametric distribution. Results: Fifteen patients [8 females, mean (SD) age 16.5 (1.9) years, weight 92.9 (17.2) kg] with T2D [duration 3.8 (1.8) years] were identified. 13 patients were on Metformin and 14 on multiple daily injections of insulin (MDI) at baseline. At 16 weeks (n = 13), HbA1c decreased by 1.1% [10.7 (1.9)% vs 9.4 (1.7)%, p = 0.017]. The change in total daily dose of insulin per kg body weight/day [0.98 (0.1) units vs 0.86 (0.1) units, p = 0.241], and weight [92.9 (17.2) kg vs 93.0 (18.2) kg, p= 0.017] at 16 weeks were not statistically significant. The combination therapy proved to be well tolerated. Table 1. Difference in metabolic parameters between baseline and 3-4 months in adolescents (12-19 years), with type 2 diabetes.Tabled 1Metabolic ParametersBaseline Mean (SD)3-4 months Mean (SD)P-valueN1313HbA1c, %10.7 (1.9)9.4 (1.7)0.017Weight, kg92.9 (17.2)93.0 (18.2)0.872Total daily dose of insulin, units89.6 (10.3)75.7 (7.7)0.19Insulin requirement, units/kg body weight/day0.98 (0.1)0.86 (0.1)0.241Median (IQR)Median (IQR)TC, mmol/L4.6 (4.4, 5.0)4.5 (4.1, 5.1)0.600TG, mmol/L2.0 (1.0, 2.1)1.8 (1.2, 2.0)0.421HDL-c, mmol/L1.0 (0.9, 1.3)0.9 (0.9, 1.2)0.599non-HDL, mmol/L3.4 (3.3, 3.7)3.3 (3.1, 3.9)0.484LDL-c, mmol/L3.3 (3.1, 3.6)3.3 (2.8, 3.9)0.806Insulin (n=12), High density lipoprotein (HDL-c), Low density Lipoprotein (LDL-c), Total cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG). Open table in a new tab Discussion: In a real-world setting, IDegLira achieves improvement in glycaemic control in adolescents with T2D and promotes patient adherence by simplifying insulin regimens. Further larger studies with longer follow-ups are warranted to support the safety and efficacy of these agents in adolescents with T2D. Insulin (n=12), High density lipoprotein (HDL-c), Low density Lipoprotein (LDL-c), Total cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG).

Influence of emotional intelligence on glycemic control in adolescents with diabetes type 1.

Psychological factors can have a significant impact on diabetes control. We aimed to evaluate the correlation between emotional intelligence and glycemic control in type one diabetes (T1D) adolescents. This prospective study enrolled 97 consecutive children admitted to our department and aged 15 to 17 with T1D. The Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire INTE was used to measure emotional intelligence. The results were correlated with a glycemic control status, measured by current and mean (since the diagnosis of T1D, minimum four tests per year) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). An additional questionnaire collected the demographic and social data. Our study found a significant, negative correlation between HbA1c level and the ability to utilize emotions to support thinking and actions (Factor I of the INTE questionnaire). There was no significant correlation between emotional intelligence General Score or Factor II (the ability to recognize emotions) and glycemic control. A higher ability to utilize emotions to support thinking and actions positively correlates with metabolic control in the adolescent population with T1D. The appropriate emotional intelligence training and better psychological care may improve the metabolic outcomes of children with T1D. This merits further study.

COVID-19 vaccination in adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes: Glycemic control and side effects.

BackgroundTwo vaccines against SARS‐CoV‐2 are approved by the World Health Organization (WHO) for minors aged 12 years and over. Currently, people with both type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are prioritized for vaccination.ObjectiveTo evaluate possible glycemic control modification, insulin dose adjustment and adverse effects after COVID‐19 vaccination in young T1D individuals, users of different technology levels.MethodsThirty‐nine T1D individuals, who received a whole vaccination cycle of either Moderna or Pfizer‐ BioNTech vaccines, were enrolled, 24 of whom using advanced hybrid closed loop systems (AHCLs) and 15 using intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM). Symptoms after each dose and the following variables were considered: time in range 70–180 mg/dl (TIR), time in different glucose ranges, mean glucose levels, coefficient of variation (CV), total daily dose (TDD) and bolus proportionResultsNo significant differences in TIR, time in different glucose ranges, mean glucose levels, TDD, bolus proportion, were observed before and after any dose nor before and after the whole vaccination cycle. CV was significantly lower after the whole vaccination cycle (CV pre‐vaccination 35.1 ± 6.9% vs. CV post‐vaccination 33.5 ± 6.3%; p 0.031) in subjects treated by AHCLs. Side effects after the vaccination were mild and more frequent after the second dose. No severe adverse reactions were reported.ConclusionsCOVID‐19 vaccination was safe and not associated with significant perturbation of glycemic control in adolescents and young adults with T1D. This information could be of clinical use when counseling families about SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination in young people with T1D.

Оценка эффективности применения отечественных биосимиляров инсулина для лечения сахарного диабета 1 типа у подростков

Aim: to assess the potential effect of switching from original insulins (lispro and glargine) to Russian biosimilars on glycemic control in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Patients and Methods: this 24-week observational clinical trial enrolled 24 adolescents with T1D aged 12–15 (mean age 13.4±1.1 years), 13 boys (54.2%, mean age 13.1±1.1 years) and 11 girls (45.8%, mean age 13.0±0.9 years). Disease duration was 4.0±1.1 years in boys and 4.3±1.8 years in girls. Insulin therapy included original multiple daily injections (MDI) of insulins lispro and glargine. Patients were switched to biosimilars at a ratio of 1:1, doses were adjusted by the patients themselves. Blood sugar levels were measured by flash glucose monitoring (FGM). Time in the target range (TIR), time above the target range (TAR), time below the target range (TBR), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in the original insulin therapy and 3 and 6 months after switching to Russian biosimilars were evaluated. Results: three and six months after switching of T1D adolescents to Russian biosimilars, no clinically significant worsening of glycemic control parameters was reported, i.e., HbA1c (3 months) 7.6±1.1%, HbA1c (6 months) 7.5±0.9% (p&gt;0.05), TIR (3 months) 65.1±10.6%, TIR (6 months) 66.5±10.7% (р&gt;0.05), TAR (3 months) 26.8±10.9%, TAR (6 months) 25.5±11.1% (p&gt;0.05), TBR (3 months) 8.1±4.3%, TBR (6 months) 7.9±4.5% (p&gt;0,05). No significant differences in the parameters studied between boys and girls 3 and 6 months after therapy switching were reported. No significant changes in the total daily Insulin dose (TDI) were reported, i.e., TDI (3 months) 1.4±0.3 U/kg, TDI (6 months) 1.3±0.3 U/kg. Conclusion: Russian biosimilars of insulins lispro and glargine for T1D in adolescents are not associated with either an increase in TDI or worsening of glycemic control parameters, e.g., HbA1c, TIR, TAR, and TBR. KEYWORDS: type 1 diabetes, insulin, biosimilars, lispro, glargine, glycated hemoglobin, glycemic control, time in the range. FOR CITATION: Platonov V.V., Dubinina T.A., Patrakeeva E.M. et al. Efficacy of Russian insulin biosimilars for type 1 diabetes in adolescents. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2022;5(2):165–168 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2022-5-2-165-168.

Impact of OMNIPOD® on the quality of life of adolescents with type 1 diabetes

IntroductionSeveral pediatric studies have demonstrated that therapy using a conventional insulin pump improves glycemic control and quality of life. At the beginning of this study, a new tubeless insulin pump, Omnipod®, had recently been marketed in France. ObjectivesAnalyze the response of adolescents treated with multiple injections to the proposal to use this new medical device and compare both the quality of life and the glycemic control of adolescents according to their choice. Material and MethodsThis was a prospective, observational study of adolescents aged 10–17 years who had type 1 diabetes for more than 1 year, all treated with multi-injection insulin delivery according to a basal-bolus regimen. They were separated into three groups: group A choosing to use the Omnipod® system, group B taking the time to think before making a decision, and group C choosing to keep their multi-injection therapy. The three groups were compared according to their quality of life with validated tools and glycemic control. ResultsGroups were formed with 30 (25%) patients in group A, 55 patients (45%) in group B, and 36 patients (30%) in group C. As to the WHO Well-Being Index, no significant difference appeared in the study for the patients in the three groups. An increased treatment satisfaction score was found, evolving from 3.79 ± 0.68 to 4.36 ± 0.56, p = 0.002 (group A) and from 3.87 ± 0.7 to 4.16 ± 0.7, p = 0.032 (group B), with no significant change for group C (from 4.39 ± 0.6 to 4.31 ± 0.62, p = 0.582). The wish to change treatment score improved for group A (from 4.14 ± 0.88 to 1.68 ± 0.9; p < 0.001) and group B (from 3.51 ± 1.05 to 1.84 ± 1; p < 0.001), with no significant change for group C (from 1.81 ± 0 0.98 to 1.61 ± 0.8; p = 0.432). There was no significant difference regarding HbA1c rates in the three groups. ConclusionThere was no significant difference in quality-of-life scores between adolescents who chose to switch from multiple injection to the tubeless patch pump and those who retained multi-injection treatment, but increased satisfaction was observed in the former group.

Pathways of emotional autonomy, problem-solving ability, self-efficacy, and self-management on the glycemic control of adolescents with type 1 diabetes: A prospective study.

This prospective study tested a model to depict associations between a number of individual characteristics and 6-month glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Adolescents (N = 232) aged 10-19 years with T1D were recruited from a medical center in Taiwan. Demographic characteristics, emotional autonomy, problem-solving ability, self-efficacy at baseline, and self-management information three months after baseline were collected using a self-reported questionnaire. HbA1c levels 6 months after study commencement were obtained from medical records. Structural equation modeling was used to test the model. Higher baseline self-efficacy and self-management at 3 months were directly associated with lower 6-month HbA1c levels. Higher baseline problem-solving ability and self-efficacy were directly associated with higher 3-month self-management, and higher baseline problem-solving ability was directly associated with higher baseline self-efficacy. Higher baseline emotional autonomy was directly associated with lower 6-month HbA1c levels but indirectly associated with higher 6-month HbA1c levels through the mediation of lower problem-solving ability, self-efficacy, and 3-month self-management. Findings indicate that improving self-management is essential to improving subsequent glycemic control, which might be achieved by enhancing problem-solving ability and self-efficacy. Strengthening problem-solving ability could diminish the negative impact of emotional autonomy on subsequent glycemic control in adolescents with T1D.