Serum Glucose Levels Research Articles

Association Between Serum Essential Metal Elements and Blood Pressure in Children: A Cohort Study.

A limited number of cohort studies have explored the impact of serum essential metal elements on blood pressure (BP) or glycolipids and their regulatory mechanism in children. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum metal concentrations of iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), and magnesium (Mg) and BP in children, and explore the potential mediating effects of glycolipid profiles. This cohort study included 1993 children (3566 BP measurements) aged 6-14 years in Chongqing, China. Serum essential metals, BP, lipid profiles, and glucose and insulin levels were measured. The relationship between serum metal levels and BP was analyzed using generalized linear and regression models, and a mediation analysis was performed to examine the potential mediating role of glycolipids. After adjusting for confounders, positive associations were found between serum Fe and Zn levels and BP parameters (all P < 0.05). A "U" style relationship between Cu and BP was found. Stronger associations were found in children aged ≤ 10years, with sex-specific differences for Fe, Zn, and Cu. The relationship between elevated BP and serum Mg and Ca was not found. Our study found that triglycerides showed a significant relationship with Fe and Zn levels (P < 0.005). Moreover, triglycerides, partially mediate the effects of Zn on elevated BP. Serum Fe, Zn, and Cu concentrations were associated with BP in children, and age and sex differences were observed. Triglycerides may play a mediating role. These findings highlight the importance of maintaining an optimal serum essential metal status for cardiovascular health in children and suggest potential early prevention strategies.

Effects of Fructus Aurantii Extract on Growth Performance, Nutrient Apparent Digestibility, Serum Parameters, and Fecal Microbiota in Finishing Pigs

This study investigated the effects of Fructus Aurantii extract (FAE) on growth performance, nutrient apparent digestibility, serum parameters, fecal microbial composition, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in finishing pigs. In total, 75 Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire pigs (equally divided by sex), with an initial body weight of 79.49 ± 4.27 kg, were randomly assigned to three treatment groups. The pigs were fed either a basic diet (CON) or a basal diet supplemented with 500 mg/kg of FAE (FAE500) and 1000 mg/kg of FAE (FAE1000). The FAE1000 group exhibited a significantly higher final body weight (FBW) (p &lt; 0.05), and the average daily feed intake (ADFI) showed an increasing tendency in the FAE500 and FAE1000 groups (p = 0.056) compared to the CON group. Additionally, the inclusion of FAE resulted in the significantly higher apparent digestibility of crude ash (Ash), gross energy (GE), and crude protein (CP) (p &lt; 0.05), with a tendency to the increased digestibility of dry matter (DM) (p = 0.053). Dietary FAE supplementation led to elevated serum levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and decreased levels of serum L-lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), along with a tendency to increase serum glucose (GLU) levels (p = 0.084). The FAE500 group demonstrated higher serum concentrations of motilin (MTL) and gastrin (GAS) (p &lt; 0.05), and a tendency for reduced serum glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) level (p = 0.055) compared to the CON group. Furthermore, alpha diversity analysis revealed that the FAE500 group significantly increased the Chao 1 and Observed_species indexes (p &lt; 0.05). Similarly, beta diversity analysis indicated that FAE feeding altered the fecal microbial structure (p = 0.083). Notably, compared with the control group, CF231, Pediococcus, and Mogibacterium displayed higher relative abundance in the feces of the FAE500 group, whereas Tenericutes showed a reduction in relative abundance (p &lt; 0.05). Additionally, the relative abundance of Tenericute was negatively correlated with the digestibility of DM, GE, Ash, and CP (p &lt; 0.05). Serum MTL and GAS levels correlated positively with the Coprococcus, Dorea, Pediococcus, and Mogibacterium relative abundances (p &lt; 0.05). Collectively, dietary FAE supplementation could enhance growth performance by boosting beneficial bacteria in feces, stimulating gastrointestinal hormone secretion, and improving nutrient digestibility.

Evaluation of the Hypoglycemic Activity of Methanolic Extract of Foeniculum Vulgare in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Wistar Rats.

This study aimed to assess the hypoglycemic effects of methanolic extract of Foeniculum vulgare in male Wistar rats that were diabetic due to streptozotocin. Experimental diabetes was initially induced in male Wistar rats by intravenous injection of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg). Subsequently, the rats received daily oral administration of the methanolic extract of Foeniculum vulgare (250 mg/kg) and the standard drug metformin (300 mg/kg) for 28 days. Furthermore, a tolerance test was carried out. The study findings suggest that the diabetic rats in the untreated control group showed hyperglycemia and significant weight loss, as well as polydipsia, polyphagia, and polyuria. However, rats treated with methanolic extract of Foeniculum vulgare for 28 days showed a significant reduction in blood glucose levels and a marked improvement in body weight. Additionally, there was a notable decrease in the daily rate of food consumption and water intake and a significant reduction in serum glucose level, triglycerides, total cholesterol, creatinine, urea, AST, and ALT levels compared to the untreated diabetic control group. Histopathological examination revealed that after 28 days of treatment with 250 mg/kg of methanolic extract of the Foeniculum vulgare, the size of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas tissue was decreased. Moreover, liver tissue demonstrated normalization with a normal central lobular structure, and kidney tissue showed normalization with a normal Bowman's capsule. These findings suggest that the methanolic extract of Foeniculum vulgare can potentially treat diabetes and should be evaluated further for drug development.

Evidence-Based Perioperative Care of Patients with Continuous Glucose Monitoring Devices

Introduction Diabetes : Hyperglycemia Diabetes Management: CGM Devices Perioperative Nursing Education Patient Outcomes Background Adults with DM are rising in epidemic proportions worldwide. Metabolic disorder characterized by persistent changes in blood glucose levels. Hyperglycemia is a serum glucose level higher than 140mg/dl Postoperative variability in blood glucose levels = relative immunodeficiency. DM complicates the patient’s disease status. Detection of perioperative hyperglycemia is essential. CGMs provide real-time glucose monitoring. CGMs accuracy can be affected during surgery. Awareness of this inaccuracy is essential for making clinical decision.

Defective Atg16l1 in intestinal epithelial cells links to altered fecal microbiota and metabolic shifts during pregnancy in mice

ABSTRACT Throughout gestation, the female body undergoes a series of transformations, including profound alterations in intestinal microbial communities. Changes gradually increase toward the end of pregnancy and comprise reduced α-diversity of microbial communities and an increased propensity for energy harvest. Despite the importance of the intestinal microbiota for the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel diseases, very little is known about the relationship between these microbiota shifts and pregnancy-associated complications of the disease. Here, we explored the longitudinal dynamics of gut microbiota composition and functional potential during pregnancy and after lactation in Atg16l1 ∆IEC mice carrying an intestinal epithelial deletion of the Crohn’s disease risk gene Atg16l1. Using 16S rRNA amplicon and shotgun metagenomic sequencing, we demonstrated divergent temporal shifts in microbial composition between Atg16l1 wildtype and Atg16l1 ∆IEC pregnant mice in trimester 3, which was validated in an independent experiment. Observed differences included microbial genera implicated in IBD such as Lachnospiraceae, Roseburia, Ruminococcus, and Turicibacter. Changes partially recovered after lactation. Additionally, metagenomic and metabolomic analyses suggest an increased capacity for chitin degradation, resulting in higher levels of free N-acetyl-glucosamine products in feces, alongside reduced glucose and myo-inositol levels in serum around the time of delivery. On the host side, we found that the immunological response of Atg16l1 ∆IEC mice is characterized by higher colonic mRNA levels of TNFα and CXCL1 in trimester 3 and a lower weight of offspring at birth. Understanding pregnancy-dependent microbiome changes in the context of IBD may constitute the first step in the identification of fecal microbial biomarkers and microbiota-directed therapies that could help improve precision care for managing pregnancies in IBD patients.

Evaluation of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae oil as a potential lipid source for largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides): Growth performance, myofiber development and glucolipid metabolism

Black soldier fly larvae oil (BSFLO) is considered as a by-product of the production process of defatted black soldier fly larvae meal at present, and may show the potential to be used as a lipid source for aquafeeds. In this study, a total of 300 largemouth bass (initial body weight 7.95g) were fed diets containing different levels of BSFLO for 56 d to evaluate its effects on the growth performance, fatty acid composition, antioxidant capacity and glucolipid metabolism. Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were designed with fish oil supplemented feed (FO) as the control diet and then feeds with BSFLO replacing 12.5%, 25%, 50% and 100% of the fish oil (BSFLO12.5, BSFLO25, BSFLO50, BSFLO100) as the treatment diets. No significant changes in weight gain and specific growth rate were observed between groups, but BSFLO100 showed a significant change in feed conversion ratio, higher than the control group (P < 0.05). The muscle and liver C12:0 and ∑n-6 PUFA content increased with the addition of BSFLO, while C20:5n-3, C22:6n-3 and ∑n-3 PUFA content gradually decreased, and significant differences were observed between FO and BSFLO100 (P < 0.05). Expression of hepatic Δ6fad and FABP genes was lower in the FO group and the highest in BSFLO50 and BSFLO100 (P < 0.05). In terms of myofiber development, Dietary BSFLO led to e a progressive increase in myofiber diameter and area, while the expression of smad-2 gene in muscle was significantly reduced in BSFLO25 and BSFLO50 (P < 0.05). Besides, the serum glucose levels were significantly lower in BSFO12.5, BSFLO50 and BSFLO100, and dietary 8% BSFLO (BSFLO100) resulted in a decrease in hepatic glycogen content from 94mgg-1 to 71.78mgg-1, along with the expression of glycolysis-related genes (GK, PK and PFK) and enzyme (PK and PFK) activities (P < 0.05), while the expression of gluconeogenesis-related genes (G6Pase) was significantly increased (P < 0.05). Dietary 4% BSFLO (BSFLO50) increased muscle and liver T-SOD activity and simultaneously reduced muscle MDA content (P < 0.05), which has the best antioxidant properties. One-variable linear regression analysis revealed that various parameters of feed utilization, glucose metabolism, and muscle development in fish were significantly and linearly affected by dietary BSFLO levels (P < 0.05). In summary, if only optimal glucose lowering is considered, 8% BSFLO is recommended. However, if feed utilization efficiency is taken into account, it is recommended that dietary BSFLO be added at no more than 4%.

Impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on the O'Sullivan test and gestational diabetes mellitus diagnosis in pregnant Spanish women

ObjectiveTo analyze the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on serum glucose levels of pregnant women. DesignA retrospective analysis of O'Sullivan test in pregnant women who underwent COVID-19 lockdown compared to controls. SitePoniente Primary Health Care center in Córdoba (Spain). Participants235 pregnant women from 23+0 to 25+0 weeks of gestation without diabetes mellitus. InterventionsGestational diabetes mellitus screening with O'Sullivan test and 3-h oral glucose tolerance test. Main measurementsPregnant women who underwent gestational diabetes mellitus screening with O'Sullivan test before (control group) and during COVID-19 Lockdown (Lockdown group) in Córdoba (Spain) were investigated. Lockdown group was divided in early and late lockdown. An additional, control group from data of the same months of the Lockdown in the previous year were recorded to discarded seasonally (adjusted seasonally control) this group was also divided in early and late seasonally adjusted.A logistic regression model for O'Sullivan test has been performed to analyze potential cofounders. Kolgomorov–Smirnov and Kruskal–Wallis test comparing pregnant women who underwent COVID-19 lockdown with the two types of controls. ResultsStatistically significant differences were found in serum glucose after O'Sullivan test between lockdown group and control group (123.51±26.02mg/dL and 112.86±31.28mg/dL; p=0.017). When early lockdown group and control group were compared no differences were found (119.64±26.18mg/dL vs. 112.86±31.28mg/dL; p>0.05) whereas differences were observed in late lockdown group and control group (127.22±25.59mg/dL vs. 112.86±31.28mg/dL; p=0.009). Statistical trends were also found between lockdown group and seasonally adjusted group and between lockdown and late seasonally adjusted group (p=0.089). A higher proportion of positive O'Suvillan pregnant women who were subsequently diagnosed with GDM were found in lockdown group compared to the seasonally adjusted control group (60% vs. 26.06% respectively; p<0.05). ConclusionsThe COVID-19 lockdown was associated with an increase in serum glucose levels after the O'Sullivan test as well as a higher GDM diagnosis risk in pregnant women. The findings of our study emphasize the essential requirement for comprehensive maternal services and the accessibility to community's health assets during future lockdown scenarios to pregnant women.

Comparative Effects of Crocin and Losartan on RAGE, TGF-β, TNF-α Gene Expression and Histopathological Changes of the Liver Tissue in Rats With Diabetes.

AGEs, via RAGE, increase the development of hyperglycemia-induced liver damage, and blocking this axis is associated with a reduction in liver disease progression. The goal of this study was to determine how crocin and losartan influenced RAGE, TNF-α and TGF-β gene expression in diabetic rats, as well as histological changes in liver tissue. Diabetes was induced in 40 male Wistar rats using Streptozotocin (50 mg/kg, IP). There were five groups of rats: diabetic and healthy groups, diabetic rats given crocin (50 mg/kg), losartan (25 mg/kg) and both (crocin + Los). Serum glucose, ALT and AST levels were measured 4 weeks later. qPCR was used to examine the TNF-α, TGF-β and RAGE gene expression in liver tissue. Crocin was found to be effective in lowering FBG in the diabetes group. The serum levels of ALT and AST decreased in all treated groups, but this decrease was significant in the crocin + Los group (p < 0.05). The relative expression of RAGE, TNF-α and TGF-β genes was significantly higher in the diabetes group compared to the healthy group. The expression of these genes decreased in groups treated with crocin and Losartan compared to the diabetes group. The highest reduction in RAGE and TGF-β gene expression was reported in those treated with crocin + Los. Histopathology results showed that the diabetes group had more bile ducts and necrosis than the healthy control group, which had no tissue changes. Hepatocyte degeneration, bile duct proliferation, inflammatory changes and hepatocyte necrosis were mild in the treated groups, but no hepatocyte necrosis was observed in the crocin + Los group. Crocin may be a feasible therapeutic agent for treating diabetes and its symptoms when combined with pharmaceutical medications. Human research is still needed to reach clear conclusions.

Association between hyponatremia and disease severity in pediatric urinary tract infections

BackgroundAcute urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common disease in pediatrics, with around 8% of girls and 2% of boys experiencing a UTI by age 7y/o. UTIs can range from asymptomatic bacteriuria to acute pyelonephritis (APN) in severe cases involving renal parenchymal infection. UTI patients admitted to the pediatric ward usually have more severe clinical presentation, compared to those treated in the outpatient settings. Therefore, it will be helpful to have markers that predict the severity of the disease and the likelihood of having APN.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review on all pediatric UTI/APN patients treated in the inpatient setting at a Medical Center from October 2012 to September 2022. Patients were assigned to the “hyponatremia” or “eunatremia” group according to their serum sodium concentrations. Detailed information, including renal echo, blood, and urine test results, were collected for the analysis of multivariable logistic regression model.ResultsThe study included 344 patients, of which 99 (28.8%) had hyponatremia, and 245 (71.2%) had normal serum sodium levels. The hyponatremia group had higher APN frequency, renal echo abnormality, and higher CRP level. In multivariable analysis, hyponatremia was independently associated with increased serum glucose (OR: 1.01, 95% CI: 1.00-1.03, p = 0.0365) and CRP levels (OR: 1.00, 95% CI: 1.00-1.01, p = 0.0417), without a significant increase in APN frequency as the final diagnosis.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that hyponatremia in pediatric UTI patients may indicate a more severe disease, such as APNs, higher CRP levels, or renal echo abnormalities. The complex mechanisms underlying hyponatremia and its predictive value for disease severity warrant further investigation.

Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation According to Daily Dietary Levels on Biochemical Parameters in 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Deficiency of Women with Obesity.

This study examined how vitamin D supplementation based on daily dietary intake affects biomarkers in obese women with 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency. Group D (n= 14) used vitamin D supplements daily for 2 months, and Group C (n= 16) did not receive supplements. Three blood samples were collected from the volunteers during the initial phase of the study. In this study, blood was collected from the volunteers: first measurement (M1), second measurement (M2), and third measurement (M3). Compared with Group C, Group D had lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels at M2 and fasting serum glucose (FSG) levels at M3 (p < 0.05), and lower HDL levels at M2 and FSG levels in normal-weight individuals at M3 (p < 0.05). In addition, 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were higher in normal-weight women than in obese women according to M3 (p= 0.043). There was a higher negative correlation between HDL-C in M1 and FSG in Group D (r= -0.710, p= 0.004). 25-hydroxyvitamin D was moderately positively correlated with dietary vitamin D in M2 in Group D (r= 0.559, p= 0.038). Significant positive correlations were observed between iodine intake and triiodothyronine (T3) levels, whereas no significant difference was observed between thyroid-stimulating hormone and T3 levels. Vitamin D intake improves HDL levels in normal-weight individuals and causes an effect on FSG to be at the desired low level, whereas in individuals with obesity, although serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels increased in the last measurement, no effect was observed. Women with normal vitamin D levels have higher serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels than those who are obese.

Interrogating the Antiobesity Efficacy of Flacourtia Inermis Roxb. Fruits in High Fat Diet-induced Obese Rats

Background Flacourtia inermis Roxb. (Salicaceae) is an underutilized edible fruit known for its antioxidant-rich bioactive compounds. This study explores the antiobesity potential of F. inermis ethanolic fruit extract (FF2) in a high-fat diet (HFD) induced obesity model using Wistar albino rats. Materials and Methods Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned into five groups (n = 6). Group 1 served as the normal control and received a normal diet (ND), while Groups II–V were induced with obesity by being fed an HFD for 10 weeks. Group II acted as the obese control, receiving 100% HFD throughout the study. Groups III, IV, and V also received HFD throughout the study but were supplemented with Orlistat (30 mg/kg b.w), and FF2 extract at doses of 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg, respectively, from week 11 until week 15. Treatment impact of FF2 on body weight, body mass index (BMI), serum lipid levels, glucose levels, liver function parameters, and histopathological evaluations of liver and adipose tissue were investigated. Results The study unveiled that F. inermis fruits exerted potent antiobesity effects, with FF2 treatment (at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) substantially decreasing body weight gain and BMI in comparison to the HFD group. Supplementation of FF2 alongside an HFD reduced body weight gain, glucose levels, and serum lipid profile. Both doses of FF2 counteracted the adverse effects induced by HFD, with lower triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol levels, and higher HDL cholesterol levels in the treated groups compared to the positive control. Additionally, FF2 extract showed dose-dependent improvements in serum lipid and glucose levels, as well as, hepatic profile, indicated by decreased AST, ALP, and ALT levels, suggesting potential benefits in managing dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and liver health associated with obesity. Histological examination of white adipose tissue provided further evidence of the antiobesity effect. Conclusion The study highlights FF2’s therapeutic potential in managing obesity and associated metabolic disorders. Further investigations into FF2’s mechanisms and clinical application are essential for its development as an antiobesity therapeutic agent in functional food formulations.

Metabolic Evaluation of the Combined Effect of Acute Cadmium Chloride and Restraint Stress Exposure in Female Wistar Rats

Cadmium is a heavy metal that has been shown to induce metabolic changes while restraint stress is a model of psychological stress used to induce behavioural and physiological changes. This study investigated the combined effect of cadmium chloride administration and restraint stress exposure on metabolic profile of female Wistar rats. Twenty four female Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups containing six rats per group; Control (CTL) was given only feed and water. Cadmium alone (CCC) and Restraint stress alone(RSS), respectively, were orally administered 100 mg/kg b.w of cadmium chloride and subjected to restraint stress using wire mesh for 30 minutes daily while Cadmium+Restraint stress (RSC) was administered 100 mg/kg b.w of cadmium chloride and restrained for 30 minutes daily. Body weights of the animals were recorded daily throughout the experiment. Twenty-four hours after the last cadmium administration and restraint stress exposure, all animal were anesthetized and sacrificed. Blood was collected via cardiac puncture for biochemical analysis. Results showed significant (p&lt;0.05) increase in serum glucose and cortisol levels but not significant in insulin level of CCC group when compared to control. Serum glucose, insulin, cortisol showed significant (p&lt;0.05) increase in RSS group when compared to control. In RSC group, glucose and insulin was significantly (p&lt;0.05) increased when compared to CCC but not significant when compared with RSS. Cortisol was significantly (p&lt;0.05) increased in RSC group when compared with other groups. Result showed significant (p&lt;0.05) increase in CHO, LDL and TAG of CCC and RSS groups when compared with control. RSC showed significant (p&lt;0.05) increase in CHO, LDL and TAG when compared with CCC and RSS groups. Serum HDL levels showed no significant difference across all groups. Conclusively, cadmium chloride and restraint stress exposure individually lead to metabolic dysfunction and dyslipidemia while the combined exposure exacerbated these effects in female rats.

Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on Pancreatic Alpha and Beta Cells and Metabolic Profile in Broilers.

To evaluate the impact of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) supplementation on pancreatic islet areas, alpha and beta cell populations, blood glucose levels, and lipid profiles in broilers, broilers were randomly assigned to two groups: a control group (T1) without SC and a treatment group (T2) supplemented with SC. Islet areas, alpha and beta cell counts, serum glucose and insulin levels, and lipid profiles were assessed. SC supplementation significantly decreased blood glucose levels compared to the control group. Additionally, HDL cholesterol levels were elevated in the SC-supplemented group. Although insulin levels remained unchanged, SC supplementation altered the correlation between pancreatic islet areas and alpha and beta cell populations, suggesting a potential influence on pancreatic islet function. Dietary supplementation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae can improve glycemic control and lipid profile in broilers. These findings highlight the potential benefits of using SC as a dietary additive in broiler production.

Evaluation of Proteinuria in Diabetic Patients Attending Gitwe District Hospital

Background: Proteinuria is a serious condition in which body proteins leak into urine due to kidney dysfunction nearly always caused by elevated serum glucose due to prolonged diabetes. Proteinuria occurs and affects individuals with diabetes, approximately 25% of diabetic patients may have proteinuria. Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the levels of serum glucose and proteins in urine and their association in diabetic patients attending Gitwe District Hospital. Methodology: The study population mainly comprised of diabetic patients, 110 study participants were included. Blood was drawn from finger for testing serum glucose using glucometer and urine samples were collected from diabetic patients and samples were analyzed in parasitology service using urine chemistry strips for proteins in urine testing. Results: During data analysis, SPSS version 22 was used, the majority were female with 66.4% while 33.6% were male. The highest frequency of participants presented in this study were 27(24.6%) found in [43-52] years old. The mean age was 53 years ± 13.882 SD (ranged from 23 to 86 years). 53.7% had normal serum glucose level while 46.3% had high serum glucose level. However, 63.6% had no proteinuria while 20.0% had trace, 11.8% had mild and 4.6% had moderate proteinuria levels. Association between serum glucose and proteinuria was analyzed for statistical significance with Chi-square test and it was statistically significant as their p values were below 0.05(P-value of 0.000). Conclusion: The study found that high serum glucose level leads to the presence of proteins in the urine. This study recommends regular monitoring of serum glucose levels, as well as routine urine tests to detect proteinuria as essential components of diabetes management and other researchers to study the effects of proteinuria in diabetic patients. Keywords: Proteinuria, serum glucose, proteins, diabetic patients

Importance of younger age group and high inflammatory status in the association between periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus.

Although previous studies have demonstrated an association between periodontal disease (PD) and diabetes mellitus (DM), the influence of age and the mediating role of inflammation have seldom been explored. This study investigated this association while considering the modifying effects of age and inflammatory status. This study included 29,491 participants from the 2012-2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The community periodontal index (CPI) was assessed by trained dentists using the World Health Organization CPI probe. PD was defined as a CPI score of 3 or 4. Pre-existing and incident DM were identified based on serum glucose levels, a history of DM diagnosis, medication use, and insulin injections. Serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels were utilized as an indicator of chronic inflammation. PD and DM exhibited a significant association, which was more pronounced with incident DM than with pre-existing DM, particularly in individuals younger than 65 years. Among those aged 20-44 years, the odds ratio of incident DM for CPI=4 versus CPI=0 was 2.61 (95% confidence interval, 1.16-6.09). High hs-CRP levels (≥3 mg/L) were also associated with DM, especially in individuals with PD. This association was stronger with incident DM than with pre-existing DM. A notable joint effect was observed in younger individuals and those with PD. The association between PD and DM was more pronounced in younger age groups and those with higher levels of inflammation. Therefore, early interventions for PD in younger patients may be crucial for preventing DM.

Factor analysis for assessing the etiopathogenesis of facial boils in military personnel

Background: Boils are the most prevalent non-odontogenic inflammatory condition of the head and neck. The treatment of skin and subcutaneous tissue inflammations in the Russian Armed Forces (RAF) is a pressing issue. We were unable to find any data on the etiopathogenesis of facial boils in otherwise healthy RAF members, as well as the factors that contribute to the development of this condition. Aim: To examine the causes of facial boils in military personnel, the factors that contribute to their development, and the association between them using factor analysis. Materials and Methods: Between 2019 and 2021, 53 patients aged 18 to 25 years were examined and treated for abscess-forming face boils. Of these, 38 (72%) were conscripts and 15 (28%) were contract servicemen. At admission, clinical examinations (complaints, history taking, status localis, facial skin type and status) and laboratory tests (complete blood count, blood chemistry, immunoassay, and bacterial tests, including the composition and antibiotic sensitivity of microflora) were performed. The control group included 30 otherwise healthy individuals aged 18 to 25 years. A mathematical model for predicting maxillofacial boil development in military personnel was generated using binomial regression analysis (logistic regression). The following variables were considered: age, length of service, season of disease development, serum glucose level, lymphocyte count, white blood cell count, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, IgA, IgG, IgM, immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (CD4+CD25brightCD45+; % of all T helper cells), skin type, and microbial composition of maxillofacial skin. Results: The mathematical model revealed that oily skin in combination with specific blood lymphocyte (20.30±1.03%) and IgG parameters (10.15±0.70%) increases the risk of maxillofacial boils in military personnel. Conclusion: The study revealed the cumulative effect of general and local factors on the development and progression of facial boils in military personnel, allowing for more accurate prevention and treatment strategies.

Adipose tissue targeted sequential delivery system regulating glycolipid metabolism for systemic obesity and its comorbidities

Obesity has emerged as a chronic, relapsing, progressive disease globally. Available methods including pharmacotherapy, surgery, and limotherapy, may lead to toxicities and gastrointestinal disturbances due to their lack of adipose tissue targetability. Increasing energy expenditure and reducing gluconeogenesis through browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) is a therapeutic target for obesity and its comorbidities. Here, we constructed a biomimetic discoidal recombinant high-density lipoprotein (rHDL) with high specificity for scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI). rHDL enables targeted delivery of combination drugs (RM) containing rosiglitazone (Rosi) and metformin (Met) to WAT, liver, and intestine, that express elevated levels of SR-BI, resulting in promoted browning of WAT, enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis, and adipocyte thermogenesis increase. For oral delivery, rHDL@RM was loaded in pH-senstive sodium alginate chitosan complex microspheres (MS), enabling stepwise release in the gastrointestinal tract, with mucosal penetration capability that facilitating longlasting lipid-lowering effect. Diet-induced obese (DIO) mice treated with rHDL@RM/MS showed 44.6 % reduction in body weight, with decreased serum glucose and lipid levels. Obesity comorbidities, including NAFLD, gut microbiome disorders, systemic lipid metabolism abnormalities, and chronic inflammation, were all effectively suppressed. Our designed rHDL@RM/MS oral-nanoplatform represents a valuable therapeutic strategy for painless treatment of systemic obesity and related comorbidities.

COVID-19 inflammatory signature in a Mozambican cohort: unchanged red blood series and reduced levels of IL-6 and other proinflammatory cytokines

SummaryBackgroundAlterations in haematological, biochemical parameters and cytokine levels, were reported in patients with COVID-19, however, there is an underrepresentation of the African population, which could provide evidence for understanding SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and useful tools for clinical management of cases. In this study, we aimed to determine the haematological, biochemical and cytokine profile in Mozambican individuals with SARS-CoV-2.MethodsA cohort of 85 Mozambican individuals with RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2 results, was stratified into negative, asymptomatic, mild, moderate, and severe categories. Haematological, biochemical and cytokines measurement were performed on samples from the study participants. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to identify similar patterns among the study cases. Comparisons between groups were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and area under the curve (AUC) analysis were conducted to evaluate the ability of these parameters to distinguish severe from non-severe cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection.ResultsSARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in peripheral blood absolute counts of total lymphocytes and eosinophils, below the reference values along with no abnormal change (p > 0.05) in red blood cell count, haemoglobin, platelets and other red series parameters. At the serum level, SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with an increase in serum levels of C-reactive protein (C-RP) and glucose above the reference values and to a significant reduction a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in levels of interferon-gamma (INF-γ), Tumour Necrosis Factor alfa (TNF-α) and the interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and IL-6 in severe cases, when compared to negative cases. Haematological, biochemical and cytokine profiles segregate severe from non-severe cases of COVID-19 with an excellent performance of C-RP (AUC = 0.95; p < 0.001) and good performance of lymphocytes (AUC = 0.88; p < 0.001) and IL-15 (AUC = 0.86; p < 0.001).ConclusionThe lack of variation in red and platelet series, coupled with a decrease in the levels of classical pro-inflammatory in severe cases, deviates from what has been reported in other contexts suggesting, that there may be peculiarities in COVID-19 manifestation within the context of this study population. Furthermore, these results identify parameters with potential for clinical management of COVID-19 and therefore good resource allocation, particularly for severe cases.

Dietary supplementation with citrus peel extract in transition period improves rumen microbial composition and ameliorates energy metabolism and lactation performance of dairy cows

BackgroundDuring the transition period, excessive negative energy balance (NEB) lead to metabolic disorders and reduced milk yield. Rumen microbes are responsible for resolving plant material and producing volatile fatty acids (VFA), which are the primary energy source for cows. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of citrus peel extract (CPE) supplementation on rumen microbiota composition, energy metabolism and milk performance of peripartum dairy cows.MethodsDairy cows were fed either a basal diet (CON group) or the same basal diet supplemented with CPE via intragastric administration (4 g/d, CPE group) for 6 weeks (3 weeks before and 3 weeks after calving; n = 15 per group). Samples of serum, milk, rumen fluid, adipose tissue, and liver were collected to assess the effects of CPE on rumen microbiota composition, rumen fermentation parameters, milk performance, and energy metabolic status of dairy cows.ResultsCPE supplementation led to an increase in milk yield, milk protein and lactose contents, and serum glucose levels, while reduced serum concentrations of non-esterified fatty acid, β-hydroxybutyric acid, insulin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and haptoglobin during the first month of lactation. CPE supplementation also increased the content of ruminal VFA. Compared to the CON group, the abundance of Prevotellaceae, Methanobacteriaceae, Bacteroidales_RF16_group, and Selenomonadaceae was found increased, while the abundance of Oscillospiraceae, F082, Ruminococcaceae, Christensenellaceae, Muribaculaceae UCG-011, Saccharimonadaceae, Hungateiclostridiaceae, and Spirochaetaceae in the CPE group was found decreased. In adipose tissue, CPE supplementation decreased lipolysis, and inflammatory response, while increased insulin sensitivity. In the liver, CPE supplementation decreased lipid accumulation, increased insulin sensitivity, and upregulated expression of genes involved in gluconeogenesis.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that CPE supplementation during the peripartum period altered rumen microbiota composition and increased ruminal VFA contents, which further improved NEB and lactation performance, alleviated lipolysis and inflammatory response in adipose tissue, reduced lipid accumulation and promoted gluconeogenesis in liver. Thus, CPE might contribute to improve energy metabolism and consequently lactation performance of dairy cows during the transition period.

Effect of dietary Anabaena supplementation on nutrient utilization, metabolism and oxidative stress response in Catla catla fingerlings

A 60-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary Anabaena blue-green algae (ABGA) meal on the growth performance, digestibility, and physio-metabolic responses of Catla catla fingerlings (initial average weight 9.45 ± 0.15 g). Six iso-nitrogenous (30% crude protein) and iso-caloric (378.09 Kcal. digestible energy/100 g) diets were formulated: a control diet (A0, 0% ABGA) and five experimental diets with varying ABGA inclusion levels (A3: 3%, A6: 6%, A9: 9%, A12: 12%, A15: 15%). The results demonstrated that there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in percentage weight gain (PWG), specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) among the experimental groups. Additionally, dietary ABGA did not significantly affect (P > 0.05) body carcass composition among different groups. However, amylase activity significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in the A12 and A15 fed groups, whereas lipase and protease activities remained insignificant (P > 0.05) across all groups. Notably, oxidative stress responses (SOD; superoxide dismutase and CAT; catalase), carbohydrate metabolic enzymes (LDH; lactate dehydrogenase and MDH; malate dehydrogenase), and serum glucose levels increased significantly (P < 0.05) with higher ABGA inclusion. Conversely, serum albumin content significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in the ABGA-fed groups. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) observed in serum total protein, albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities among the experimental groups. Hematological parameters revealed that RBC (red blood cell) count, hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, and packed cell volume (PCV) significantly decreased (P < 0.05), while WBC (white blood cell) count significantly (P < 0.05) increased with higher dietary ABGA inclusion. In conclusion, the inclusion of dietary ABGA up to 15% did not impair nutrient utilization and supported normal growth performance in C. catla fingerlings. However, higher inclusion levels may have a detrimental effect on their growth, nutrient utilization, and physio-metabolic responses.