Reduction In Glucose Research Articles

Effects of Fermented Kimchi Consumption on Anthropometric and Blood Cardiometabolic Indicators: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Intervention Studies and Prospective Cohort Studies.

Increasing global kimchi consumption has prompted interest in its health impact. However, comprehensive reviews of the influence of kimchi on cardiometabolic risk factors, especially meta-analyses, remain limited. This review assessed the impact of fermented kimchi consumption on cardiometabolic risk factors by systematically reviewing human intervention and prospective cohort studies, and conducting a meta-analysis of intervention studies. A literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, RISS, KISS, and ScienceON databases was conducted through April 30, 2024. The inclusion criteria encompassed studies that examined the effects of fermented kimchi, without any added ingredients or lactic acid bacteria, on health outcomes, including anthropometric measures, blood pressure, cardiometabolic and glycemic indicators, inflammatory cytokines, and the incidence of related chronic diseases. Data extraction and quality evaluation were conducted independently by 3 researchers. Pooled effect sizes were calculated as weighted mean differences (WMDs) with 95% CIs employing random-effects models. Five intervention studies (205 participants) and 4 prospective cohort studies (42 455 participants) were selected. A meta-analysis of the intervention studies revealed a significant reduction in fasting blood glucose (WMD: -1.93 mg/dL; 95% CI: -3.82, -0.03; I2 = 17.4%) following the consumption of fermented kimchi. After excluding studies that contributed to increased heterogeneity, significant inverse associations were observed between fermented kimchi consumption and triglycerides (WMD: -28.9 mg/dL; 95% CI: -53.2, -4.5; I2 = 0.0%), systolic blood pressure (WMD: -3.48 mmHg; 95% CI: -5.95, -1.01, I2 = 0.0%), and diastolic blood pressure (WMD: -2.68 mmHg; 95% CI: -4.75, -0.62; I2 = 0.0%). Prospective cohort studies linked higher kimchi intake with a lower incidence of cancer and metabolic syndrome and an increased likelihood of achieving normal body weight. This review supports beneficial effects of fermented kimchi on cardiometabolic health. However, due to the limited number of studies, these findings should be interpreted cautiously, highlighting the need for further research in diverse populations. PROSPERO registration No. CRD42024532020.

Bioinspired orthogonal-shaped protein-biometal nanocrystals enable oral protein absorption.

With the growing number of marketed biological drugs, the development of technological strategies for their oral systemic absorption, becomes increasingly important. The harsh gastrointestinal environment and low permeability of the intestinal epithelium, represent a huge challenge for their systemic delivery. Herein, bioinspired in the physiological insulin-Zn interaction, the design of orthogonal-shaped protein-biometal hybrid nanocrystals, further enveloped by a bilayer of functional biomaterials, is reported. The nanocrystals exhibited a size of 80 nm, a neutral surface charge and a high insulin loading. In vitro studies showed the capacity of the nanocomplexes to control the release of the associated insulin, while preserving its stability. In vivo evaluation showed sustained blood glucose reductions in both healthy and diabetic rats (up to 40 % and 80 %, respectively), while chronic immunotoxicity studies in mice indicated no toxicity effect. Preliminary efficacy studies in healthy awake pigs following oral capsule administration showed over 20 % absolute bioavailability.

Identification of altered blood metabolic pathways in equines following ethyl pyruvate administration using non-targeted metabolomics.

Ethyl pyruvate (EP) has emerged as a promising compound with potential therapeutic benefits attributed to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This study aimed to understand the effects of EP on plasma metabolites and immune cells in horses, utilizing advanced liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomics, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and blood chemistry analyses. Our comprehensive analysis detected 2,366 ions, and 126 metabolites were accurately identified. Remarkably, EP administration induced significant changes in 28 metabolites at 1h and 11 metabolites at 8h, highlighting its time-dependent impact on metabolic pathways such as phenylalanine and arginine biosynthesis. Moreover, EP significantly lowered the expression of inflammatory markers interleukin (IL)-6 and heme oxygenase (HO)-1, indicating its potential as an anti-inflammatory agent. Blood chemistry analysis revealed notable reductions in glucose and triglyceride levels. These findings demonstrate that EP is a substance with potential effects on pathways associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolic processes.

Abstract 4115652: Effect of the sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor, Dapagliflozin, on ventricular repolarization electrocardiographic parameters: DAPA-ECG study

Background: In patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), hyperglycemia and glycemic variability lead to prolongation and greater heterogeneity of ventricular repolarization, manifested on the electrocardiogram through an increase in QT, QTc, TpeakTend (TpTe) intervals and the TpTe/QT ratio, increasing the risk of potentially malignant arrhythmias. Dapagliflozin has demonstrated efficacy in reducing cardiovascular events in T2D patients and in the risk of serious ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. However, the exact mechanisms by which dapagliflozin confers this protection have not yet been fully elucidated. Goals/Aims: The main objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of dapagliflozin on the TpTe interval of patients with T2D, and secondarily, it examined its impact on various electrocardiographic parameters such as the QT and QTc intervals, the TpTf/QT ratio, QT dispersion, J-T peak interval, QRS-T angle and heart rate. Methods: This randomized, prospective, multicenter and open-label study involved 174 patients with T2D, divided into two groups: one treated with dapagliflozin and the other with optimized medical therapy without iSGLT2. Clinical, electrocardiographic, laboratory and echocardiographic evaluations were carried out at the beginning and after three months. The statistical analysis included means, standard deviations, quartiles, and frequencies, with 95% confidence intervals, using Chi-square (or Fisher) and t-test (or Mann-Whitney) for initial differences, and a linear mixed-effects model to evaluate the results, adopting a significance level of 0.05. Results: The TpTe interval was significantly reduced in the dapagliflozin group from 76.87 ± 12.47 to 67.80 ± 10.34 (p<0.001), and the QTc interval reduced from 424.07 ± 30.76 to 411.26 ± 25.31 (p=0.022). The TpTe/QT ratio in the dapagliflozin group was shortened from 0.20 ± 0.03 to 0.18 ± 0.02 (p<0.001). Both groups showed reductions in mean blood glucose and HbA1c, with a greater decrease observed in the control group. No significant changes were recorded in other variables analyzed. Conclusion: In patients with T2D, dapagliflozin significantly reduced the duration of the TpTe and QTc intervals, in addition to the TpTe/QT ratio. These findings indicate a decrease in ventricular electrical remodeling with a potential cardioprotective effect of dapagliflozin, which would partly explain its benefits in reducing potentially malignant ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.

Combined high-intensity interval and resistance training improves cardiorespiratory fitness more than high-intensity interval training in young women with overweight/obesity: a randomized controlled trial

ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) combined with resistance training (RT) versus HIIT alone on body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness and glycolipid metabolism in young women with overweight/obesity.MethodsThis randomized controlled trial divided 40 subjects into an experimental group (HIIT+RT) and a control group (HIIT). Both groups underwent training three times per week for eight weeks. Body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness and glycolipid levels were assessed before and after the intervention.ResultsThe results revealed that compared to baseline, both the experimental and control groups showed significant improvements in body weight, body mass index (BMI), Body fat, waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), vital capacity (VC), oxygen pulse (VO2/HR), minute ventilation, resting heart rate, blood oxygen saturation, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p<0.05). Additionally, a significant increase in muscle mass and a significant reduction in 2-hour postprandial glucose were observed in the experimental group (p<0.05). Muscle mass (mean difference: 2.75%), VO2peak (mean difference: 1.61 mL/min/kg), VC (mean difference: 334mL), and VO2/HR (mean difference: 0.51mL/beat) showed greater improvement in the HIIT+RT group compared to the HIIT group (p<0.05).ConclusionIn conclusion, an 8-week regimen of either combined HIIT and RT or HIIT significantly improves body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness and glycolipid metabolism in women with overweight/obesity. However, the combined training appears to offer more benefits than HIIT alone. Further research is needed to evaluate the long-term effects and feasibility of combined training.Trial registrationhttps://www.chictr.org.cn/, identifier ChiCTR2300075961.

Semaglutide Ameliorates Diabetic Neuropathic Pain by Inhibiting Neuroinflammation in the Spinal Cord

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are frequently used to treat type 2 diabetes and obesity. Despite the development of several drugs for neuropathic pain management, their poor efficacy, tolerance, addiction potential, and side effects limit their usage. Teneligliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, has been shown to reduce spinal astrocyte activation and neuropathic pain caused by partial sciatic nerve transection. Additionally, we showed its capacity to improve the analgesic effects of morphine and reduce analgesic tolerance. Recent studies indicate that GLP-1 synthesized in the brain activates GLP-1 receptor signaling pathways, essential for neuroprotection and anti-inflammatory effects. Multiple in vitro and in vivo studies using preclinical models of neurodegenerative disorders have shown the anti-inflammatory properties associated with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) activation. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of antinociception and the effects of the GLP-1 agonist semaglutide (SEMA) on diabetic neuropathic pain in diabetic rats. Methods: Male Wistar rats, each weighing between 300 and 350 g, were categorized into four groups: one non-diabetic sham group and three diabetic groups. The diabetic group received a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) at a dosage of 60 mg/kg to induce diabetic neuropathy. After 4 weeks of STZ injection, one diabetic group was given saline (vehicle), and the other two were treated with either 1× SEMA (1.44 mg/kg, orally) or 2× SEMA (2.88 mg/kg, orally). Following a 4-week course of oral drug treatment, behavioral, biochemical, and immunohistochemical analyses were carried out. The mechanical allodynia, thermal hyperalgesia, blood glucose, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), plasma HbA1C, and spinal inflammatory markers were evaluated. Results: SEMA treatment significantly reduced both allodynia and hyperalgesia in the diabetic group. SEMA therapy had a limited impact on body weight restoration and blood glucose reduction. In diabetic rats, SEMA lowered the amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the spinal cord and dorsal horn. It also lowered the activation of microglia and astrocytes in the dorsal horn. SEMA significantly reduced HbA1c and AGE levels in diabetic rats compared to the sham control group. Conclusions: These results indicate SEMA’s neuroprotective benefits against diabetic neuropathic pain, most likely by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress by inhibiting astrocyte and microglial activity. Our findings suggest that we can repurpose GLP-1 agonists as potent anti-hyperalgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs to treat neuropathic pain without serious side effects.

Mediterranean Diet and Olive Oil Redox Interactions on Lactate Dehydrogenase Mediated by Gut Oscillibacter in Patients with Long-COVID-19 Syndrome

Chronic viral inflammation is associated with oxidative stress and changes in gut microbiota. The Mediterranean diet (MD), with recognized anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, modulates gut microorganisms, specifically on the interaction between extra virgin olive oil, a key component of the MD with well-documented antioxidant effects. This study investigated the influence of adherence to MD and antioxidant-rich foods (extra virgin olive oil) on biochemical, inflammatory, and microbiota profiles in patients with chronic inflammation defined as a prolonged inflammatory response due to immune dysregulation following the acute phase of the viral infection. Participants were classified into low (n = 54) and high (n = 134) MD adherence groups (cut-off of 7 points based on previous studies utilizing the same threshold in the assessment of MD adherence). Gut microbiota was sequenced using the 16S technique, and the adherence to MD was assessed using a validated questionnaire for a Spanish population. High adherence to the MD was linked to significant improvements in inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, including reductions in LDL-cholesterol, glucose, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, an indicative of redox balance, as well as a significant higher consumption of antioxidant foods. Moreover, gut microbiota analysis revealed distinct compositional shifts and a lower abundance of the Oscillibacter genus in the high adherence group. Notably, a significant interaction was observed between MD adherence and extra virgin olive oil consumption, with Oscillibacter abundance influencing LDH levels, suggesting that the MD antioxidant properties may modulate inflammation through gut microbiota-mediated mechanisms. These findings provide new evidence that adherence to the Mediterranean diet can reduce inflammatory markers in patients with long-COVID-19, a population that has not been extensively studied, while also highlighting the potential role of the bacterial genus Oscillibacter in modulating this effect.

Transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation modulates blood glucose in ZDF rats via intestinal melatonin receptors and melatonin secretion

BackgroundMelatonin (MLT) and its receptor deficiency have been shown to be associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) is a non-invasive alternative intervention for patients suffering from hyperglycemia. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of taVNS on blood glucose modulation via intestinal melatonin receptors (MRs) and MLT secretion in hyperglycemia.MethodsAdult male Zucker diabetes fatty (ZDF) rats and Zucker lean (ZL) littermates were used. Forty ZDF rats were randomized into ZDF, taVNS, Px + taVNS and Lu + Px + taVNS groups (Px: pinealectomy, Lu: Luzindole). ZL rats served as a control group for comparison with ZDF rats without involvement in the taVNS intervention. Thirty min-taVNS interventions (2/15 Hz, 2 mA, 30 min/days) were administered once daily under anesthesia for 3 consecutive weeks in taVNS, Px + taVNS and Lu + Px + taVNS groups. Body weight and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were measured weekly in all rats, and real-time blood glucose was tested in the ZL and ZDF groups before, during and after the taVNS intervention. Plasma MLT concentration and the expression of MRs in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum were measured by the end of experiments.ResultsCompared with the ZL group, the level of FBG and body weight increased (all p < 0.01), plasma MLT secretion and the expression of MRs in duodenum, jejunum and ileum of ZDF rats decreased obviously (all p < 0.05), respectively. TaVNS can significantly reverse the hyperglycemia by regulating the non-pineal-derived MLT and MRs system in Px + taVNS group. Compared with the ZDF group, the expression of different intestinal MRs in the taVNS group was increased and more compactly arranged (both p < 0.05), the level of plasma MLT secretion was up-regulated (p < 0.01), and FBG and body weight were decreased (both p < 0.01). Meanwhile, after taVNS intervention in rats in the Px + taVNS group, we observed an increase in MLT secretion and the number of intestinal MRs compared with the taVNS group (all p > 0.05). In contrast, ZDF rats in which the pineal gland was excised by taVNS intervention and injected with the MRs antagonist Luzindole did not show these changes.ConclusionThe glucose reduction effect of taVNS may be related to regulating MLT levels and expressing intestinal MRs.

Non-clinical and first-in-human characterization of ECC5004/AZD5004, a novel once-daily, oral small-molecule GLP-1 receptor agonist.

GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are proven therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and overweight or obesity. We performed non-clinical and first-in-human (FIH) evaluation of ECC5004/AZD5004, an oral small-molecule GLP-1 RA. ECC5004 was profiled in cell lines overexpressing human GLP-1R, in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) assays in a human β-cell line and non-human primates (NHPs). To evaluate safety, ECC5004 was orally administered to NHPs for 9 months and a phase I, double-blind, placebo-controlled FIH study was conducted. This study evaluated single doses of ECC5004 (1-300 mg) in healthy volunteers, and multiple daily doses (5, 10, 30 and 50 mg) in patients with T2DM for 28 days. ECC5004 bound to the hGLP-1R (IC50 = 2.4 nM) augmented cAMP signalling without β-arrestin-2 recruitment or receptor internalization. ECC5004 potentiated GSIS in both EndoC-βH5 cells (EC50 = 5.9 nM) and in vivo in NHPs (EC50 = 0.022 nM). Dose-dependent body weight changes compared to control were seen in the 9-month NHP toxicity study. In the first-in-human study, ECC5004 was well tolerated with no serious adverse events. Dose-dependent reductions in glucose and body weight were observed with a dose-proportional exposure at doses ≥25 mg. ECC5004 engaged the GLP-1R across the therapeutic dose range tested and had a safety and tolerability profile consistent with other GLP-1 RAs, along with a pharmacokinetic profile compatible with once-daily oral dosing. These data support continued development of ECC5004 as a potential therapy for T2DM and overweight or obesity. NCT05654831.

Long-Lasting Exendin-4-Coated Gold Nanoparticles: Synthesis and In Vivo Evaluation of Hypoglycemic Activity

Background: Gold nanoparticles (NPs) have drawn great attention in the area of biomedical research with their relatively safe and versatile properties. This study aimed to synthesize long-lasting exendin-4-coated gold NPs (EX-ABD-AFF-GoldNPs) and evaluate their anti-diabetic effects in vivo. Methods: In the present study, EX-ABD-AFF-GoldNPs were synthesized using a simple one-step aqueous reduction method. The physical characterization of the prepared particles verified the successful formation of the EX-ABD-AFF-GoldNPs through dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet–visible (UV-VIS) light spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The anti-hyperglycemic and anti-obesity effects were assessed in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed obese diabetic mice. Additionally, pharmacokinetics (PK) and biodistribution studies were performed to verify the long-lasting properties. Results: The EX-ABD-AFF-GoldNPs were conglomerates of smaller globular-shaped particles, and the average size was 110(±14) nm, based on the TEM images. Safety assessments using Min6, HepG2, and B16F10 cell lines demonstrated low cytotoxicity, with over 80% cell viability up to the highest tested concentration of 150 μg/mL (as EX-ABD-AFF). Notably, the animal studies showed that the EX-ABD-AFF-GoldNPs exhibited significant hypoglycemic activity, comparable to the EX-ABD-AFF, in the HFD-fed mice. A 4-week treatment with EX-ABD-AFF-GoldNPs produced similar reductions in blood glucose and body weight to the EX-ABD-AFF, without any apparent toxicity. Furthermore, the PK and biodistribution study results confirmed the long-lasting properties (plasma half-life: 43.6 h) of the particles. Conclusions: Overall, this study demonstrated that the preparation of therapeutic protein-loaded gold NPs is feasible and, despite their much larger size compared with the protein, EX-ABD-AFF-GoldNPs can be successfully absorbed through the subcutaneous route and show nearly equivalent hypoglycemic activity to the EX-ABD-AFF protein. Finally, this study showed that long-lasting properties could be acquired by only coating EX-ABD-AFF onto gold NPs.

Transgenerational response of glucose metabolism in Caenorhabditis elegans exposed to 6-PPD quinone

In Caenorhabditis elegans, 6-PPD quinine (6-PPDQ) could cause several aspects of toxicity together with alteration in glucose metabolism. However, transgenerational alteration in glucose metabolism remains still unknown after 6-PPDQ exposure. In the current study, we further observed transgenerational increase in glucose content induced by 6-PPDQ (1–10 μg/L). After 1–10 μg/L 6-PPDQ exposure, although expressions of genes controlling gluconeogenesis were not changed in the offspring, expressions of hxk-1, hxk-3, pyk-1, and pyk-2 controlling glycolysis could be decreased in the offspring. Meanwhile, transgenerational decrease in expressions of daf-16 encoding FOXO transcriptional factor and aak-2 encoding AMPK was detected in the offspring of 6-PPDQ (1–10 μg/L) exposed nematodes. RNAi of daf-16 and aak-2 led to more severe transgenerational increase in glucose content and reduction in expressions of hxk-1 and hxk-3 induced by 6-PPDQ. Moreover, RNAi of daf-16, aak-2, hxk-1, hxk-3, pyk-1, and pyk-2 caused susceptibility to transgenerational 6-PPDQ toxicity on locomotion and reproduction. Additionally, 6-PPDQ induced activation of SOD-3 and HSP-6 reflecting anti-oxidation and mitochondrial UPR responses could be inhibited by RNAi of daf-16, aak-2, hxk-1, hxk-3, pyk-1, and pyk-2. Therefore, exposure to 6-PPDQ potentially resulted in transgenerational alteration in glucose metabolism, which provided the possible link to induction of transgenerational 6-PPDQ toxicity in organisms.

Evaluation of the Effects of Non-Invasive Auricular Acupoint Stimulation on Postprandial Blood Glucose Regulation using a CGM Device

Background: Postprandial blood glucose regulation is critical for diabetes management. Non-invasive auricular acupoint stimulation may influence metabolic functions through the autonomic nervous system. This study aimed to evaluate its effects on postprandial glucose regulation using Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM). Methods: Thirteen healthy Japanese adults (10 males, 3 females) had 1.5 mm gold beads applied to six acupoints. Glucose levels were monitored over seven days using CGM. Key metrics included postprandial peak, 2-hour glucose levels, time to peak, and normalization time. Results: Auricular acupoint stimulation reduced time to glucose peak after breakfast (-14.6 min, p = 0.01) and glucose normalization time for breakfast and lunch combined (-20.8 min, p = 0.04). A significant reduction in 2-hour postprandial glucose was observed after lunch (-10.8 mg/dL, p = 0.03). No significant effect was found on peak glucose levels. Conclusion: Auricular acupoint stimulation may promote postprandial glucose normalization, particularly after breakfast and lunch, and could serve as a complementary approach to glucose management.

Effectiveness of King's Theory of Goal Attainment in Blood Glucose Management for Newly Diagnosed Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Diabetes poses a significant public health challenge in China and globally, with the number of patients expected to reach 592 million by 2035, notably in Asia. In China alone, an estimated 140 million individuals are living with diabetes, and a significant portion is nonadherent to medications, underscoring the urgency of effective management strategies. Recognizing the necessity of early and comprehensive management for newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes, this study leverages an online teach-back method and "Internet + Nursing" platform based on King's Theory of Goal Attainment. The approach aims to enhance glycemic control and reduce fear and misconceptions about the disease, addressing both the educational and emotional needs of the patients. The primary aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of King's Goal Attainment Theory in the management of newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes. This research sought to develop a collaborative model for blood glucose management, integrating the expertise and roles of physicians, nurses, and patients. The model is designed to enhance the synergy in health care provision, ensuring a comprehensive approach to diabetes management. In this study conducted at Changzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital between January 2022 and February 2023, eligible patients were randomized into a control group or an online feedback group. The control group received standard care, while the online feedback group participated in a King's Theory of Goal Attainment-based online teach-back program, enhanced by "Internet + Nursing" strategies. This included an interactive platform for goal planning, video content sharing, comprehension assessment, misconception correction, and patient-driven recaps of disease information. Health monitoring was facilitated through the "Internet + Nursing" platform. The study focused on comparing changes in glucose metabolism and emotional disorder symptoms between the groups to evaluate the intervention's effectiveness. Following a 24-week intervention, we observed significant differences in key metrics between the online feedback group and the control group, each comprising 60 participants. The online feedback group demonstrated significant reductions in fasting plasma glucose, 2-hour postprandial glucose, and hemoglobin A1c (P<.05). Additionally, there was a notable decrease in hypoglycemia-related anxiety and alexithymia within this group. Conversely, the control group maintained relatively higher values for these metrics at the same time point (P<.05). These findings underscore the efficacy of online feedback in managing glycemic control and reducing psychological distress associated with hypoglycemia. The online teaching-back method, guided by King's Theory of Goal Attainment, effectively enhances glycemic control, reducing fasting plasma glucose, 2-hour postprandial glucose, and hemoglobin A1c levels in newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes. Simultaneously, it alleviates hypoglycemia-related anxiety and mitigates alexithymia. This approach merits widespread promotion and implementation in clinical settings. Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2400079547; https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=208223.

Interaction of CETP rs708272 Polymorphism on Trans Fatty Acid Intake and Glucose Metabolism Markers.

Dietary fats influence gene expression and several metabolic pathways. Therefore, it is crucial to study the role of personal genotypes in the interaction between fat consumption and cardiometabolic markers. This research aimed to determine the interaction of the rs708272 polymorphism of CETP and the fatty acid intake with changes in the HOMA-IR in adults living with overweight or obesity. The current study was a secondary analysis of an 8-week controlled clinical trial. The final sample for this analysis comprised 78 Mexican adults with the Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein (CETP) rs708272 polymorphism who followed a dietary intervention. Using an interaction analysis, we evaluated the fatty acid intake and the genotypes of rs708272, with changes in blood glucose, insulin, and the HOMA-IR from baseline to endpoint. Our findings suggest a significant interaction between the trans fatty acid intake and the GG genotype with changes in glucose (p = 0.024), insulin (p = 0.004), and the HOMA-IR (p = 0.002). The higher the consumption of trans fatty acids, the less these markers of glucose metabolism were reduced. carriers of the GG genotype may benefit from limiting dietary trans fatty acid intake, as there was no reduction in plasma glucose and insulin despite a hypocaloric dietary intervention in adults with overweight and obesity.

Metabolic Effects of Liposuction on Glucose and Insulin Homeostasis with and Without Abdominal Fat Removal.

Liposuction is a common cosmetic procedure aimed at addressing localized fat deposits. While metabolic disruptions associated with adiposity are well documented, the specific impacts of liposuction on metabolic parameters remain unclear. Seventeen individuals underwent liposuction inclusive of the abdominal area, while eleven underwent liposuction excluding the abdomen. Metabolic parameters including glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, HbA1c, and C-peptide levels were measured preoperatively and postoperatively at 1, 3, and 6 months. Both groups exhibited significant postoperative reductions in glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, HbA1c, and C-peptide levels. However, the abdominal liposuction group demonstrated more pronounced reductions of these variables. These findings suggest that addressing abdominal adiposity may provide greater metabolic benefits following liposuction. Further research is warranted to explore the long-term sustainability and clinical implications of these metabolic improvements with additional markers. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

Soluble receptors for advanced glycation endproducts are predictors of insulin sensitivity and affected by weight loss

BackgroundMice experiments have underscored the efficacy of pharmacological inhibition of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) through the use of soluble receptors for advanced glycation endproducts (sRAGE) in mitigating obesity-linked metabolic disruptions and insulin resistance. However, human studies have presented conflicting findings regarding the correlation between circulating sRAGE levels and insulin resistance, as well as glucose tolerance. Here, we aimed to delve deeper into the relationship between sRAGE levels and systemic insulin sensitivity.MethodsPlasma sRAGE levels, hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, and continuous glucose monitoring were measured in two independent cross-sectional case-control studies [cohort 1 (n = 180) and cohort 2 (n = 124)]. In addition, a subgroup of 42 participants with obesity were followed for 12 months. In 14 of these participants, weight loss was achieved through bariatric surgery intervention.ResultsOur results revealed a significant association between plasma sRAGE levels and both insulin sensitivity and glycemic control parameters, even after adjustments for age, sex, and BMI. Furthermore, longitudinal analysis demonstrated that interventions aimed at weight loss led to reductions in fasting glucose and HbA1c levels, concurrently with increases in sRAGE levels.ConclusionsThese findings underscore that sRAGE levels were strongly associated with insulin sensitivity and glycemic control, suggesting a possible role of sRAGE in preserving insulin sensitivity and maintaining glycemic control, which should be confirmed in further studies.

Impact of Ultra-Rapid Insulin on Boost and Ease-Off in the Cambridge Hybrid Closed-Loop System for Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes.

The objective was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ultra-rapid-acting insulin with the Boost and Ease-off features of the Cambridge hybrid closed-loop system. A secondary analysis of Boost and Ease-off from two double-blind, randomized, crossover hybrid closed-loop studies comparing (1) Fiasp to insulin aspart (n = 25), and (2) Lyumjev to insulin lispro (n = 26) was carried out. Mean glucose on initialization of Boost and Ease-off, change in glucose 60 and 120 minutes after initialization, duration and frequency of use, mean glucose, and time in, above, and below target glucose range were calculated for periods of Boost use, Ease-off use, or neither. Participants used Boost for longer with Fiasp than insulin aspart (median [interquartile range, IQR] = 75 [53-125] minutes vs 60 [49-75] minutes; P = .01). Mean glucose on Boost initialization with Fiasp was 238 ± 62 mg/dL compared with 218 ± 45 mg/dL with insulin aspart (P = .08). Fiasp use resulted in a greater glucose reduction 120 minutes after Boost initialization [-59 ± 34 mg/dL vs -43 ± 31 mg/dL; P = .02]. There were no statistically significant differences in sensor glucose endpoints during Boost or Ease-off periods between Fiasp and aspart. There were no statistically significant differences during Boost or Ease-off periods when comparing Lyumjev with insulin lispro. There were no safety issues when using Boost and Ease-off with ultra-rapid insulins. The use of Fiasp and Lyumjev during Boost or Ease-off resulted in comparable safety and efficacy to using insulin aspart and lispro.

Comparative Effects of Extracts from Black Rice or Pathum Rice Combined with Cereals on Blood Glucose Levels, Serum Insulin Levels and Blood Chemistry in Diabetic Rats

Rice is one of the major cereal crops in several Asian countries. It contains a variety of nutrients and provides valuable health benefits. The antidiabetic activity of rice combined with cereals has not been studied. Therefore, the present study was carried out to determine and compare the effects of extracts from Black rice (BRE), Pathum rice (PTRE), Black rice combined with cereals (BRCE), and Pathum rice combined with cereals (PTRCE) on body weight, blood glucose levels, serum insulin levels and blood chemistry of Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The results revealed that BRCE exhibited the highest activity in reducing fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels and increasing serum insulin levels, and also recovered the lipid profiles, renal function and hepatic function resulting from STZ in the diabetic rats, followed by BRE, PTRCE and PTRE, respectively. Also, BRCE exhibited an activity with similar potential to Glibenclamide. The findings indicate that the rice extracts possess antidiabetic activity which exerts the activity by increasing serum insulin resulting in reduction of blood glucose. Rice combined with cereals provides better antidiabetic activity and could be a source of valuable antidiabetic materials. HIGHLIGHTS Extracts from Black rice and Pathum Thani fragrant rice exhibit antidiabetic activity in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Antidiabetic activity of the extracts from Black rice and Pathum Thani fragrant rice is due to an increase in insulin secretion. Black rice exhibits antidiabetic activity higher than Pathum Thani fragrant rice. Combination with cereals could enhance the antidiabetic activity of rice. The extracts from Black rice and Pathum Thani fragrant rice may be useful for the management of diabetes mellitus. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Subclinical Hyperthyroidism Enhances Gonadotropin-Lowering Effects of Metformin in Postmenopausal Women.

Metformin treatment decreases elevated concentrations of anterior pituitary hormones. The aim of this prospective, cohort study was to investigate whether hyperthyroidism modulates the impact of metformin on gonadotroph secretory function. The study population included 48 postmenopausal women with untreated type 2 diabetes or prediabetes, 24 of whom had coexisting grade 1 subclinical hyperthyroidism. Both groups were matched for age, insulin sensitivity, and gonadotropin levels. Over the entire study period, all participants were treated with metformin (2.55-3 g daily). Plasma glucose, insulin, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), total and free thyroid hormones, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol, prolactin, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were assayed at entry and 6 months later. At baseline, the study groups differed in levels of TSH and thyroid hormones but not in body mass index, blood pressure, glucose homeostasis markers (fasting glucose, homeostatic model assessment 1 of insulin resistance ratio [HOMA1-IR], and glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c]), and the remaining hormones. There were no differences between both groups in the degree of reduction in plasma glucose and HbA1c in response to metformin treatment. Although metformin decreased HOMA1-IR in both groups, this effect was stronger in women with hyperthyroidism than with normal thyroid function (-50 ± 20% vs -30 ± 15%). Similar relationships were observed for FSH (-43 ± 21% vs -21 ± 12%). Only in hyperthyroid women did the drug reduce LH concentration (by 35 ± 17%). Metformin did not affect circulating levels of TSH, total and free thyroxine, total and free triiodothyronine, estradiol, prolactin, ACTH, and IGF-1. The obtained results indicate that hyperthyroidism enhances the gonadotropin-lowering effects of metformin, as well as the fact that this agent has a neutral effect on the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in case of its overactivity.

Zein nanoparticles extend lifespan in C. elegans and SAMP8 mice

Empty zein nanoparticles (NP) have been shown to lower glycemia in rats by stimulating the secretion of endogenous GLP-1. This study evaluated the effect of these nanoparticles on the lifespan of two animal models: C. elegans fed with a glucose-rich diet and the senescence accelerated mouse-prone 8 (SAMP8 mice). In C. elegans, NP increased the mean lifespan of worms by 7 days (from 17.1 for control to 24.5 days). This observation was in line with the observed significant reductions of glucose and fat contents, lipofuscin accumulation, and ROS expression. Furthermore, NP supplementation led to an upregulation of the expression of daf-16 and skn-1 genes. DAF-16 (orthologue of the FOXO family) and SKN-1 (orthologue of mammalian Nrf/CNC proteins) are implicated in activating detoxification mechanisms against oxidative damage. In SAMP8, oral administration of NP also extended the mean lifespan of mice (by 28 % compared to controls), corroborating the protective effect of these nanoparticles.