Glucose Oxidase Test Research Articles

Role of Conservative Treatment and Outcome of Traumatic CSF Rhinorrhea

Background: Traumatic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea, a rare but serious consequence of head injuries, poses significant challenges in diagnosis and management. Understanding the efficacy of treatment modalities is crucial to improve patient outcomes and reduce complications. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of conservative versus surgical treatment in managing traumatic CSF rhinorrhea and to identify factors influencing treatment outcomes. Methods: A descriptive case series was conducted at Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Karachi, from September 2022 to February 2023. Thirty patients with traumatic CSF rhinorrhea, aged 18-60 years, were included. Data on patient demographics, site of CSF leakage, management approach, and recovery were collected. Diagnostic methods involved glucose oxidase test strips and imaging techniques. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 23. Results: Of the patients, 73.3% were male, and 26.7% were female. CSF leakage sites included the sphenoid sinus (36.7%), frontal sinus (33.3%), ethmoidal sinus (20.0%), and cribriform plate (10.0%). Conservative treatment controlled 80% of CSF rhinorrhea cases within 48 hours. Surgical intervention was necessary in 20% of cases, primarily for persistent leaks. The mean age of patients was 40.67±10.54 years. Conclusion: The study indicates that conservative management is effective in the majority of traumatic CSF rhinorrhea cases. However, surgical intervention remains crucial for cases unresponsive to initial treatment. These findings highlight the need for individualized treatment plans and suggest further research into optimizing management strategies for traumatic CSF rhinorrhea.

Performance of Different Glucose Testing Methods Amongst Patients of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in St. Francis Hospital Nsambya, Kampala, Uganda: A CrossSectional and Descriptive Study

Background: Medical examination detects illness or disease risk factors in individuals otherwise well to treat early on and minimize morbidity and death. In spite of recommended GDM screening during prenatal care worldwide and local standards, it has been shown that the procedure has not been properly implemented. A further difficulty might be the lack of consensus worldwide and on local consistence on GDM screening and diagnosis guidelines. Methods: The study was a hospital based cross-sectional and descriptive study that employed both quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection. A descriptive study was concerned with describing the characteristics of a particular individual, or of a group in a given situation. The study was guided by the primary objective of assessing the extent of GDM monitoring among women receiving antenatal care at St. Francis Hospital Nsambya in Kampala, Uganda. Both Capillary and venous blood samples in which plasma/serum was taken from pregnant mothers and their glucose levels estimated using a One touch (Roche Diagnostics) code 298 and plasma calibrated glucometer and Roche Cobas C311fully automated Chemistry Analyser respectively. Both whole blood glucose and plasma/serum glucose was determined as per the principle of enzyme hexokinase (HK) catalyzes the reaction between glucose and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to form glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP). In the presence of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), G-6-P is oxidized by the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) to 6-phosphogluconate and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). The increase in NADH concentration was directly proportional to the glucose concentration and was measured spectrophotometrically at 340 nm. The data was analysed using the McNemar's test to determine the sensitivity, specificity and the direct cost for performing capillary glucose. Receiver operator characteristic and Area under curve analyses to analyze the predictive power of the constructed equation Sensitivity, specificity, false positive rate and false negative rate was computed to validate the capillary method in testing/detecting Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS package Results: The results presented below for both capillary and Venous Blood Glucose were based on the principle of glucose oxidase test. Cutoff for the different blood sugar level were as follows; Normal A1C test being < 5.4% and Diabetes being >5.4%. Based on the Venous Blood Glucose tests method, 89.0% (154/173) respondents tested normal, while 11.0% (19/173) had diabetes. However, capillary blood glucose testing method identified 78.6% (136/173)5 respondents as being normal compared 21.4% (37/173) having diabetes. Results obtained from the process indicate capillary glucose blood test for gestation diabetes having very low sensitivity i.e. 30% for gestation diabetes. The findings of the study will help to create public awareness on disease burden, improved diagnosis, classification, management and health policies by the Ministry of Health about Gestational diabetes among Ugandan mothers. Conclusion: Most of the procedures employed to detect and trace for GDM was found to be painful and stressful. The healthcare providers and managers some lacked required skills and knowledge concerning GDM among women and procedural handling was found to be wanting in one case or another. The GDM prevalence was discovered to be slowly increasing even though it was detected to be at low levels at Nsambya hospital but the situation elsewhere might be different. Most of the GDM risk factors were majorly originating from family background, maternal ages discrepancies, and abuse of alcohol. Most GDM challenges were found to be fueled by lack of proper counseling and screening since it wasn’t routine among health care professionals hence lack of expertise and inconsistencies in handling GDM women. Preparing women for GDM screening and diagnosis would have reduced the risks and health challenges faced by pregnant women if they are well prepared and trained before subjecting them to the GDM testing.

Comparison of point-of-care glucometers and laboratory based glucose oxidase test in determining blood glucose levels

Alterations in blood glucose levels are common and an important determinant of a patient's admission outcomes, point-of-care glucometers, which are affected by a variety of factors, are increasingly used in clinical care. In this study we compared blood glucose levels determined by two commonly used glucometers (One Touch® and Accu-check®) with those of a standard laboratory method and determined the effect of haematocrit on glucose readings. Blood glucose levels were measured with One Touch® and Accu-Check® glucometers and the glucose oxidase method at the same time in 295 children aged 0 to 15 years over a 6-month period. Bland-Altman and correlation analysis were used to explore biases among the three methods. For all statistical tests, a p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Most were males (51.2%) and the median (range) age was 1 year (1 day, 12 years). There was a significant correlation between each of the glucometer methods and laboratory blood sugar, and the correlation between the two glucometers was strong and significant. This correlation remained statistically significant even after controlling for haematocrit values. There was an acceptable level of bias (3.9 mg/dL) between the One Touch® and Accu-check® glucometers, but each had a remarkably large bias compared with the glucose oxidase method. The use of a tested glucometer in clinical settings can aid in rapid decision-making, but there is a need to periodically cross-check with the glucose oxidase method in the laboratory to optimise treatment outcomes for children with dysglycaemia.

Occurrence and Distribution of Diabetes Mellitus in Mardan, KPK Pakistan

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder which is described by chronic hyperglycemia due to faulty insulin secretion. Metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates and proteins are disturbed in DM Objective: To assess the occurrence and distribution of diabetes mellitus in Mardan, Pakistan Methods: It is a cross-sectional, survery-based study conducted at District Headquarter Hospital Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The detailed information about age and gender of the patients was collected. Blood glucose level was detected by Glucose oxidase test. Results: The overall prevalence of DM was found as 50.4%. DM was found dominant in females (52%) as compared to males (48%). Moreover, the age groups of 30-40 years were most affected. Fasting blood sugar (FBS) range was high in the age of 10-20 years and Random blood sugar (RBS) range was high in the age of 40 years and above. Conclusions: It is concluded that DM is most commonly found in females and the age group of 30-40 years is more affected. FBS range was high in the age group of 10-20 years and RBS range was high in the age of 40 years and above

50 Years Ago in The Journal of Pediatrics: Diagnosis of Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea: Lack of Specificity of the Glucose Oxidase Test Tape

50 Years Ago in The Journal of Pediatrics: Diagnosis of Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea: Lack of Specificity of the Glucose Oxidase Test Tape

Changes in the microstructure of testicle in diabetes in the experiment.

To study micro and microstructure of testis of white rat in norm and the under the condition of the streptozotozin-induced diabetes. Material and methods. The researches have been performed on 50 white mature male rats aged 4.5 to 7.5 months with body weight of 130 to 150g. Research material is represented by microscopic testicle slice. Experimental diabetes modelling was performed through single intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin (“Sigma”, USA), dissolved in 0.1M citrate buffer, pH=4.5 (7mg per 100g of body weight of animals). The diabetes mellitus progression was controlled according to glucose concentration in blood, which was measured by glucose oxidase test. Animals in whose blood glucose concentration in 2,4,6,8 weeks after launch of experiment was above 13.4 mmol/l were used for research. Results. The first signs of change angioarchitectonics testicular found 2 weeks of experimental diabetes. During the following terms blood stream undergoes significant changes. The lumen of the capillaries were narrowed, pericapillary spaces are dilated. Conclusion. Changing the diameter of the vessels microvasculature endothelial accompanied by swelling and changes in the form of their lumen, there is adhesion and aggregation of red blood cells.

МІКРО- ТА УЛЬТРАСТРУКТУРА КРОВОНОСНОГО РУСЛА ЯЄЧКА ЩУРА В НОРМІ ТА ПРИ СТРЕПТОЗОТОЦИНІНДУКОВАНОМУ ЦУКРОВОМУ ДІАБЕТІ

The aim: to set the peculiarities of bloodstream of the testis of white rat in normal condition and under the condition of experimental [artifi cial] diabetes course. Material and methods. The research has been conducted on 40 white mature male rats in the age groups 4.5 to 7.5 months with 130 to 150g of body weight. Research material is represented by ultramicroscopic testicle slice. Experimental diabetes modelling was performed through single intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin (“Sigma”, USA), dissolved in 0.1M citrate buffer, pH=4.5 (7mg per 100g of body weight of animals). The diabetes mellitus progression was controlled basing on glucose concentration in blood, which was measured by glucose oxidase test. In 2,4,6,8 weeks after experiment launch, animals in whose blood glucose concentration was above 13.4 mmol/l, were used for research. The selected trend of study is a part of a planned Science Department Anatomy “Structure bodies and bloodstream ontogeny, under the laser irradiation and pharmaceutical, blood circulation disorders, reconstructive surgery and diabetes”, state registration 0110U001854, performed at the Lviv National Medical University named Danylo Halytsky according to the state plan and program. University Animal Care and Use Committee Approval: № 8 from 18th of November 2013. Results. The fi rst signs of change of angioarchitectonics testicular were found on the second week of experimental diabetes. During the following terms bloodstream undergoes signifi cant changes. Vessels with irregular contours, winding in the lumen of blood clots found, the vessel wall is thickened, sklerozovana and stratifi ed. Around the vessels edema and haemorrhage are present. Available desolated areas of capillaries, in the lumens of some capillaries, the aggregation of red blood cells that cover the lumen of blood vessels are found. The lumen of the capillaries is narrowed. In the remaining capillary endothelial cells have the appearance of “standing column”, which is a characteristic feature of the hypoxic state of tissues. Capillary sclerosis, precapillary spaces are dilated. Conclusion. Changing in the diameter of the vessels of microvasculature endothelial is accompanied by swelling and change in the form of their lumen. Adhesion and aggregation of red blood cells are also observed. These changes show that angiopathy is a trigger hypoxia and as a result in 2 weeks of diabetes course micro and ultrastructural organization of the most convoluted seminiferous tubules varies.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea – Diagnostic Metodes Review and Clinical Cases Demonstration

Introduction: Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea means a cerebrospinal fluid leakage from subarachnoid space into paranasal sinuses and from there into the nasal cavity. The exact localization of the rhinobasis defect causing cerebrospinal leak is always a serious problem and the exact choice of the diagnostic method lays in the base of the surgical success. Aim: Using our experience and literature data, to review cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea diagnostic methods and their practical importance. Material and methods: For the period 2000 - 2015 year in the ENT department of UMHAT Plovdiv 18 cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea cases have been diagnosed. Most of them were spontaneous or caused by neoplasm development. The correlation men to women was 5:13. In all cases several diagnostic methods were used – glucose oxidase test, high-resolution computed tomography (CT), in one case intrathecal fluorescein was used followed by endoscopic endonasal verification. Four of all 18 cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea cases arise with symptoms of rhinogenic meningitis. All patients underwent endonasal surgical treatment – dura matter closure. Results: In 14 cases there was successful dura matter closure after the first surgery. No fluid leakage was detected. The endoscopic exam showed definitely closure of the defect. As for the rest cases, in 3 of them the cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea persisted postoperatively and in one case there was recurrence after one year. After another endoscopic surgery an definite leakage stop was achieved in all cases. Conclusions: Modern diagnostic tests and endoscopic endonasal methods for closure with alogenic material permit relatively sure prove and localization of the rhinobasis defects and its definitive treatment, with low mortality and complications rate.

Self-monitoring of blood glucose

Self-monitoring of blood glucose

GREEN TEA PHENOLS INTERFERENCE IN THE GLUCOSE OXIDASE/PEROXIDASE TEST

ABSTRACT Green tea extract showed false-negative results in the determination of glucose via glucose oxidase (GOD) test. This investigation was undertaken to verify and find out the precise mechanism underlying this interference by determining the reaction kinetics of production and reduction of end-point chromophore. The peroxidase step of the GOD test was found to be interfered and phenols of the green tea were the interfering compounds. Green tea interfered and exerted its influence in a dual fashion. A part of the interference was observed as a result of the reduction of the finally formed chromophore, whereas the other form of interference was due to its hydrogen peroxide/free radical-scavenging activity. Reducing potential and the free radical-scavenging activity of the phenols in the green tea is the basis of the false-negative results of the glucose by GOD test. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Glucose oxidase test is a widely used test for the determination of glucose in research laboratories, and phenolic compounds, either from green tea or in pure form, are found to affect on its precision and accuracy. Interference target of green tea phenols is the reaction catalyzed by peroxidase enzyme which is also the part of many other diagnostic tests. Therefore, this study could be helpful to the researchers and clinicians to take cautions when using these types of tests in the presence of green tea especially and in the presence of other phenolic compounds in general.

Clinical Protocols and Conditioned Human Behavior in the Background of Inadequate Information as a Risk Factor for Development of Critical Incidents

In Response: Jayaram and Mathew (1) raise important comments regarding our case report (2). It is the policy of our hospital and the Joint Commission on the Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations that after a sentinel event a root cause analysis is completed (3). As an outcome of the analysis, several areas of process improvement were identified and initiated: System-wide accessible electronic documentation of all patient encounters in the dialysis suite. Contraindication to the initiation of the tight glycemic control protocol in patients requiring peritoneal dialysis with icodextrin. The placement of “Do not use for continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients” warning labels on all hospital glucometers. Creation of a multidisciplinary “hand-off/transfer” document to follow the patients throughout their hospitalization. Improved patient educational materials to facilitate the patient's ability to alert healthcare workers to the potential problems associated with icodextrin. Jayaram and Mathew (1) are correct in stating that “the patient's own home glucometer (One Touch Profile; Lifescan, Milpitas, CA) is approved by the FDA to be used in her condition of diabetes with concomitant chronic renal failure requiring peritoneal dialysis with icodextrin.” However, their suggestion that “any device except those working on glucose dehydrogenase pyrroloquinolequinone (GDH-PQQ) is safe,” (1) is inaccurate. A study carried out by Janssen et al. (4) demonstrated positive interference from maltose metabolites in many glucometers, not just those glucometers which utilize GDH-PQQ reagent strips. In their study, they were able to show that a number of glucometers utilizing glucose oxidase test strips were subject to variable levels of maltose metabolite interference (4). Although the systems employing GDH-PQQ appear to suffer from the most interference from maltose metabolites, it is potentially dangerous to assume that all analyzers utilizing alternative enzyme reagent systems are safe (4–6). Additionally, Oyibo et al. (5) recommends that “all analyzers must be cross-checked with the laboratory reference method before use in these patients.” Henry R. Kroll, MD Thomas R. Maher, MD Department of Anesthesiology Henry Ford Hospital Detroit, Michigan [email protected]

The incidence and immediate respiratory consequences of pulmonary aspiration of enteral feed as detected using a modified glucose oxidase test.

Pulmonary micro-aspiration of enteral feed in intubated critically ill patients has been reported to occur commonly. In this prospective observational study the incidence of micro-aspiration, diagnosed by a modified glucose oxidase test, is reported in 25 enterally fed critically ill and tracheally intubated patients on a general intensive care unit. Episodes of microaspiration were correlated with changes in PaO2/FiO2 ratio as an index of changes in degree of lung injury. The modified glucose oxidase test differs from the traditional glucose oxidase test because of the enrichment of the feed with glucose (10 g glucose added to 500 ml enteral feed resulting in a tenfold increase in glucose concentration). Pulmonary aspiration of feed was detected by exposing a glucose oxidase strip to tracheal secretions. The feed was enriched with glucose to improve the ability of the reagent strip to detect the feed. The incidence of aspiration of feed was 44% with a prevalence of 6.9% per day of intubation. Only 43% of these episodes of aspiration were detected by the feed being seen in the tracheal secretions. Aspiration was associated with a mean fall in the PaO2/FiO2 ratio of 5.6 kPa from 27.1 kPa to 21.5 kPa (P = 0.002). Aspiration of enteral feed is common and causes a demonstrable morbidity. Detection using this simple bedside test may alert the clinician to institute measures to minimize further aspiration.

The incidence and immediate respiratory consequences of pulmonary aspiration of enteral feed

The cause of a respiratory deterioration in a critically ill patient frequently remains unknown. Pulmonary aspiration of enteral feed during tracheal intubation may be recognised at the bedside by the appearance of feed in the tracheal aspirate but is commonly unrecognised. To reduce aspiration it is important to be able to detect it at the bedside and hence alter management to reduce risk factors. Techniques to detect feed aspiration using food colouring have poor sensitivity and are linked with mortality in septic patients [1]. The standard glucose oxidase strip method for detecting aspiration is also insensitive because the glucose levels in feeds are similar to those of normal tracheal aspirates. We have previously described a modified glucose oxidase test strip method with an improved sensitivity [2] whereby the glucose concentration of the feed is markedly increased.

Glucose oxidase test for in vitro detection of enteral feeding products

Glucose oxidase test for in vitro detection of enteral feeding products

Comparison of Blue Dye Visualization and Glucose Oxidase Test Strip Methods for Detecting Pulmonary Aspiration of Enteral Feedings in Intubated Adults

To compare the relative utility of blue dye visualization with a glucose oxidase test strip method for detecting aspiration of enteral feedings. Tracheally intubated adults were prospectively monitored for aspiration of enteral feedings. Intensive care units of two community hospitals in Michigan. None. The experimental group consisted of 15 patients receiving enteral feedings. The control group included 14 patients not enterally fed. Blue food coloring was added to feeding formulas to obtain a visible blue color. At 8-h intervals, tracheal secretions were examined for blue discoloration, followed by measurement of glucose concentration using a calibrated glucose meter. Clinically significant aspiration was defined to require the following: (1) a bloodless positive glucose reading (> or = 20 mg/dl); (2) one or more signs of systemic inflammation; and (3) one or more signs of respiratory deterioration. Eight (53 percent) of 15 patients in the experimental group experienced at least one episode of presumptive aspiration as defined by either a bloodless positive glucose reading or visible blue discoloration of tracheal secretions. Clinically significant aspiration occurred in 5 (33 percent) of 15 patients in whom bloodless glucose readings were positive in 13 (19 percent) of 67 samples; among patients not developing this complication, glucose was found in only 3 (5 percent) of 60 samples; (p = 0.005). Inspecting tracheal secretions for blue dye usually failed to detect aspiration episodes identifiable by the glucose oxidase test strip method (relative sensitivity, 13 percent). Blue dye visualization performed no better among patients developing clinically significant aspiration (relative sensitivity, 15 percent). Patients who developed clinically significant aspiration received more of their enteral feedings in the supine position than patients without this complication (98 percent vs 21 percent; p < 0.001). Inspecting tracheal secretions for blue discoloration failed to detect most episodes of enteral feeding aspiration. Glucose oxidase test strip methods should replace blue dye visualization for detecting aspiration of enteral feedings in intubated adults.

CSF rhinorrhoea: significance of the glucose oxidase strip test

Many authoritative medical textbooks recommend the use of glucose oxidase reagent strips to distinguish cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea from clear nasal discharge following head injury. A study of 50 subjects with clear nasal and lacrimal secretions, demonstrated a large proportion of positive results for glucose (44 per cent). Thirteen secretions (26 per cent) contained glucose in a concentration within the normal range for CSF. The recommended use of glucose oxidase test strips for differentiating CSF leakage from other clear nasal secretions is therefore without foundation.

Review of drug interference with urine glucose tests.

Many drugs have been reported to interfere with copper-reduction or glucose oxidase tests used to measure urine glucose. However, only a few drugs or drug classes have been well documented to clinically interfere with these tests. The interfering drugs include ascorbic acid, beta-lactam antibiotics (e.g., cephalosporins and penicillins), levodopa, and salicylates. Several other drugs may also interfere with certain urine glucose tests, but the interactions are poorly documented. These drugs include chloral hydrate, hyaluronidase, nalidixic acid, nitrofurantoin, p-aminosalicylic acid, phenazopyridine, probenecid, and X-ray contrast media. Drugs or their metabolites that are strong reducing substances produce false-positive results by the copper-reduction method and false-negative results by the glucose oxidase method. The beta-lactam antibiotics interfere with copper-reduction tests by producing copper compounds of various colors that confuse interpretation of test results. Tables are provided that summarize the drug interferences discussed.

Biochemical and histopathological findings after a long-term intraperitoneal fat infusion. An experimental study in rats.

The object of this work was to see the possible side effects that a long-term intraperitoneal (IP) fat infusion would have. We used 56 female Wistar rats weighing 250 g, divided into a control group (CG) of eight and three groups of 16 in each one. These three groups were administered a 20% Intralipid infusion in a daily amount of 4 g/kg over 5, 10, and 15 days, respectively (groups I, II, and III) intraperitoneally. Twenty-four hr after the last infusion the animals were anesthetized and after having drawn 3 ml of blood, 5% glutaraldehyde (GTH) was instilled in situ and optical and electron microscopic specimens were taken of the lung, liver, right diaphragm, and parietal peritoneum. The results show a decrease in triglyceride (TG) rate 24 hr after the last infusion in each group, but blood glucose, cholesterol, bilirubin, glucose oxidase test (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), nor other serum parameters varied. No alterations were noticed in the lung or liver under optical or electron microscopes in the groups than had under gone treatment, except for an increase in circulating macrophages with fat in the lung. In the diaphragm we observed hyperplasia in the serous layer of the peritoneum and an increase in fat in the lymphatic channels of the right diaphragm. The possibility of using IP infusions in order to study parenteral nutrition solutions was put forward as well as their possible clinical use in alternative nutrition techniques on both a short-term and long-term basis.

Effect of ten new beta-lactam antibiotics on urine glucose test methods.

The effect of ten new beta-lactam antibiotics (cefoperazone, cefotaxime and its metabolite desacetylcefotaxime, ceftazidime, ceftizoxime, ceftriaxone, aztreonam, azlocillin, mezlocillin, piperacillin, and ticarcillin) on the accuracy of Clinitest, Diastix, and Tes Tape determinations of glycosuria was investigated. Solutions of each of the antibiotics were prepared in urine over a range of clinically obtainable drug concentrations. Urine samples from a healthy subject were used to prepare simulated diabetic urine by adding dextrose to achieve concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, and 2%. With penicillin derivatives, falsely elevated Clinitest readings generally were observed at lower glucose concentrations. When no glucose was present, cephalosporins and the monobactam, aztreonam, gave a dark green-black color that could only be interpreted as 0% on the Clinitest color chart. At higher urine glucose concentrations (1% and 2%), no interaction with Clinitest could be demonstrated, with the exception of a few falsely reduced readings. All urine solutions containing beta-lactam antibiotics were estimated accurately by both Diastix and Tes Tape. The unpredictability of the Clinitest-beta-lactam antibiotics interaction should discourage the use of this urine glucose test in patients who receive these drugs. The glucose-oxidase tests, Diastix and Tes Tape, may be used as qualitative tests for glycosuria in patients treated with beta-lactam antibiotics.

In vitro effect of new penicillins and aminoglycosides on tests for glycosuria

The effect of newer penicillins (azlocillin, mezlocillin, cyclacillin, and piperacillin) a 6 beta-amidinopenicillanic acid derivative (amdinocillin), and newer aminoglycosides (netilmicin and sisomicin) on the accuracy of tests for glycosuria was studied. Solutions of each of the drugs were prepared in urine in a range of clinically obtainable drug concentrations. In addition, urine solutions were prepared that contained the same drug concentrations and 0.5, 1, and 2% glucose. All solutions were tested in triplicate using the five-drop Clinitest method and two glucose oxidase methods (Diastix and Tes-Tape). Falsely elevated Clinitest readings of approximately 0.25% were obtained with the penicillins. These readings were influenced by the concentration of the penicillins and of glucose. Neither amdinocillin nor the aminoglycosides had an effect on Clinitest determinations. None of the drugs interfered with Diastix or Tes-Tape readings. Because the Clinitest-penicillin interaction is unpredictable, Clinitest results should be rechecked using one of the qualitative glucose oxidase tests when Clinitest is used as a quantitative test for glycosuria in patients receiving penicillins. All three tests studied can be used to test for glycosuria in patients receiving amdinocillin or one of the aminoglycosides.