Blood Serum Globulin Research Articles

Serum proteins and leucocytes differential count in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) infested with ectoparasites

A total of 48 Pond reared common carp C. carpio ranged between 2.5-11.8 cm in total length were obtained from University of Basrah's fish farm during May-June 2011. It was investigated for parasites, and it was infested with four different groups of ectoparasites, including Ciliophora (Ichthyophthirius multifiliis and Trichodina sp.), Monogenoidea (Dactylogyrus spp. and Gyrodactylus sp.), Trematoda (Ascocotyle coleostoma metacercariae) and Crustacea (Dermoergasilus sp. and Lernaea sp. copepodid larval stage). Differential count of leucocytes, total protein level, albumin and globulin in blood serum were determined in healthy (non-infested) and infested fish. No significant differences (p>0.05) have been reported between infested and non-infested fish in all blood parameters except in monocyte counts of the third group (infested with two species of Ciliophora) and sixth group (double infestation between A. coleostoma and Dermoergasilus sp.). This study showed that common carp can withstand different light and mild infestation of ectoparasites. We can considered common carp among a fish category having very good resistibility towards ectoparasites.

Вплив препарату «Трифузол» на функціональний стан печінки у курчат за еймеріозної інвазії

In the process of vital functions chicken blood proteins play an important physiological role in the complex processes of metabolism. Changes in blood biochemical composition of chickens according to experimental invasions reflect the development of pathological and immune processes and point on the stress of the body, which makes it possible objectively evaluate the impact of various factors on the organism of infested chickens. We have found that chickens infected eymeriozic invasion in blood serum was a low level of total protein and especially its albumin fraction. This indicates inhibition of protein synthesized liver function. In return the content of globulin in blood serum of sick chickens was 12% higher. On the background of the general hypoproteinemia was found a significant disparity between albumin and globulins in blood serum of sick chickens, as indicated by a decrease in the A/T ratio. After applying for the treatment of chickens affected eymeriozic invasion, drug «Brovafom», due to its antiprotozoic action the influence of toxins eliminates on the liver and intestinal mucosa. However, the protein synthesized function of liver at 28 day of the experiment in experimental chickens has not been completely restored. In applying the drug «Trifuzol» to chickens from the research group D3, for eymeriozic invasion we have found the level increase in total protein and albumin fractions, and also level lowering of globulin in serum of chickens throughout the experiment. At the 21st and 28th day of research in chickens from the experimental group we observe the indices normalization of protein synthesized function of the liver. Within physiological variables was also A/T ratio. Combined use of Brovafom and Trifuzol to experimental chickens for eymeriozic invasion, contributed to better normalization in protein synthesized of liver function, than the use of Brovafom.

EFFECT OF DIET SUPPLEMENTED WITH PUMPKIN (Cucurbita moschata) AND BLACK SEED (Nigella sativa) OILS ON PERFORMANCE OF RABBITS: 1- GROWTH PERFORMANCE, BLOOD HEMATOLOGY AND CARCASS TRAITS OF GROWING RABBITS.

Eighty NZW weaned rabbits (40 males and 40 females at 5 weeks of age and 535.19±14.73 g LBW) were used in a complete randomized design of four treatments during feeding period from 5 to 12 weeks of age. Rabbits in the 1st group were fed commercial pelleted diet without additive (control, G1). Rabbits in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th groups were fed the control diet supplemented with 5 g pumpkin seed (PS) oil/kg diet (G2), 5 g nigella sativa seed (NS) oil/kg diet (G3) and 2.5 g PS oil plus 2.5 g NS oil/kg diet (G4), respectively. Results showed that dietary supplementation did not affect nutrients digestibility coefficients and nutritive values. Cecal pH value and NH3-N concentration of were higher (P<0.05) in G1 than in supplemented groups (G2-G4). Concentration of TVFAs was lower in G1 and the highest concentration was in G4 (P<0.05). Hemoglobin concentration, PCV%, counts of red and white blood cells, percentage of differential white blood cells, concentrations of total proteins, albumin and globulin in blood serum were nearly similar in all groups. In blood serum, concentration of glucose increased (P<0.05), total lipids, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL as well as activity of AST and ALT decreased (P<0.05) by supplementation of PS , NS or their combination. Mortality rate decreased (P<0.05) in supplemented groups. Final body weight was higher (P<0.05) in G4 as compared to G1, G2 and G3. Total and daily weight gain were higher (P<0.05) for G4 compared with the other groups. Rabbits in G2 and G3 showed the highest (P<0.05) feed intake, followed by G1, while G4 had the lowest intake (P<0.05). Rabbits in G4 recorded the best (P<0.05) feed conversion ratio and performance index compared with other groups. Group 4 recorded the highest net revenue (P<0.05), followed by G1, while G2 and G3 had the lowest revenue (P<0.05). Groups 3 showed the highest (P<0.05) slaughter and carcass weights as well as dressing percentage. Groups 3 and 4 had (P<0.05) the highest abdominal and shoulder fat weight. Weight of liver, kidneys, heart, lungs, spleen, head and bile were nearly similar in all groups. Physical characteristics, moisture and ash contents in meat of all groups. Group 4 showed the highest (P<0.05) protein content in meat. G1 showed the highest (P<0.05) fat content in meat. In conclusion, rabbits fed diets supplemented with combination of pumpkin and black seeds oils (2.5 and 2.5 g/kg diet) showed the best results concerning digestibility coefficients, cecal fermentation, blood parameters, growth performance, carcass quality and economic efficiency.

육계에 대한 복합 유기산제의 첨가급여 효과에 관한 연구

본 연구에서는 사료 내 복합 유기산제의 첨가급여가 육계 생산성, 맹장 미생물 균총, 혈액 특성 및 면역 활성에 미치는 영향을 조사하고 이를 통해 유기산의 성장촉진용 항생제 대체 가능성을 구명하고자 수행하였다. 1일령 육계 수평아리(Ross<TEX>$\times$</TEX>Ross 308) 480수를 공시하여 4처리, 4반복, 반복당 30수씩 배치하여 5주간 사양시험을 실시하였다. 시험구는 항생제 무첨가구, 항생제 첨가구(virginiamycin 10 ppm＋salinomycin 60 ppm)를 대조구로 하였으며, 시험사료에 유기산을 0.3% 및 0.5% 첨가하여 유기산 처리구를 두었다. 5주 종료체중, 증체량에 있어서 유기산 0.5% 처리구가 무항생제 처리구에 비해 유의하게 증가하였으며(P<0.05), 유기산 첨가 급여시 무항생제 처리구에 비해 사료 요구율이 유의하게 개선되었다(P<0.05). 도체율 및 조직의 상대적 중량에서는 처리구간 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. 소장 중량 및 길이는 항생제 첨가구가 다른 처리구에 비해 유의하게 감소하였으나(P<0.05), 유기산 처리구와 항생제 무첨가구간에는 차이가 없었다. 맹장 내 미생물 균총에 있어서 대조구인 항생제 첨가구와 유기산 처리구에서 맹장내 Coliform bacteria 및 Salmonella가 유의하게 감소하였으며 유산균에는 영향을 미치지 않았다. 혈액 내 총콜레스테롤, 중성지방, BUN, AST 및 ALT에 있어서는 통계적 유의성이 인정되지 않았다. Total protein 및 globulin 수치에 있어서는 항생제 첨가구 및 유기산 처리구가 항생제 무첨가구에 비해 유의하게 감소하였으며(P<0.05), albumin 수치에서는 차이가 없었다. 이로인해 항생제 첨가구 및 유기산 처리구의 혈청 내 albumin : globulin 비율이 항생제 무첨가구에 비해 유의하게 증가하는 결과를 보였다(P<0.05). WBC, heterophil, lymphocyte 및 스트레스 지표인 heterophil:lymphocyte 비율에 있어서 처리구간 차이가 관찰되지 않았으며, 비장 조직내 IL-2 및 IL-6 mRNA의 발현양상에 있어서도 유기산 첨가급여에 따른 변화는 관찰되지 않았다. 결론적으로 복합 유기산제의 육계 사료 내 첨가급여는 육계 생산성을 향상시키고, 유해균의 성장 및 증식을 억제하여 장내 미생물 균총의 안정화에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 한편, 조직 발달 및 혈액 성상에 부정적인 영향을 미치지 않았다. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of organic acid mixture on growth performance, cecal microflora, blood characteristics and immune response in broiler chicks and to prove the possibility of organic acid mixture as an alternative to antibiotics growth promotor. A total of four hundred eighty, 1-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross<TEX>$\times$</TEX>Ross 308) were randomly divided into 4 groups with 4 replicates of 30 birds each. The treatments were NC (free antibiotics), PC (basal diet with virginiamycin 10 ppm and salinomycin 60 ppm), 0.3% organic acid, and 0.5% organic acid. The final body weight and body weight gain were significantly higher in organic acid 0.5% than NC (P<0.05). The feed conversion ratio in all treated groups were significantly improved as compared to that of NC (P<0.05). The carcass rate and relative organs weight were not significantly difference among the groups. The relative weight and length of small intestine in PC were significantly decreased than the other groups. The numbers of cecal coliform bacteria and Salmonella in all treated groups were significantly lower than NC (P<0.05). The number of cecal lactic acid bacteria was not different among the groups. No significant differences among the groups were observed in the contents of total cholesterol, triglyceride, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), albumin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in blood serum. The contents of total protein and globulin in blood serum of PC and organic acid treated groups were significantly increased as compared to those of NC (P<0.05). Therefore, albumin:globulin ratio of PC and organic acid treated groups was significantly lower than NC (P<0.05). The total white blood cell (WBC), heterophil, lymphocyte, and stress indicator (heterophil:lymphocyte ratio) were not significantly different among the groups. No significant difference was observed on the expression rate of splenic cytokines mRNA in organic acid treated groups compared to the control. Consequently, supplemental organic acid mixture improved the growth performance, and influenced positive effects on the intestinal microflora by inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria without any adverse effects on relative weights of organs and blood biochemical parameters in broiler chicks.

Reproductive traits of male rabbits as affected by climatic conditions, in the subtropical environment of Egypt

AbstractThe present work was planned to study the effects of mild and hot conditions on reproductive traits of male rabbits. The traits studied were libido (reaction time), semen quality characteristics (hydrogen-ion value, ejaculate volume, sperm motility, dead sperm, sperm abnormalities, acrosomal abnormalities, sperm-cell concentration and total sperm output), seminal biochemical traits (total protein, albumin, globulin, total lipid, cholestrol and creatinine), seminal enzymes (glutamic-pyruvate transaminase (GPT), glutamic oxalo-acetic transaminase (GOT), alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase), seminal hormones (tri-iodothyronine (T3) and cortisol), thermoregulatory parameters (respiration rate and temperatures of ear, rectum and skin), food and water consumption, blood metabolites (total protein, albumin, globulin, glucose, total lipid and cholesterol), kidney function (urea-N and creatinine), liver function (serum GPT, serum GOT and alkaline and acid phosphatase) and endocrine functions (T3 and cortisol hormones).The estimated temperature-humidity index (THI) values were 20·2 during the mild and 30·1 in the hot period, indicating absence of heat stress in the first period and exposure of rabbits to very severe heat stress in the second one.In semen characteristics, the effects of heat stress on reaction time, semen pH, sperm motility, percentages of dead sperm, sperm abnormalities and acrosomal damage, were not significant. However, ejaculate volume, sperm-cell concentration and total sperm output were significantly lower (P &lt; 0·01) under heat stress than under mild conditions. In seminal plasma, effects of heat stress were not significant on total protein, globulin, total lipid, cholesterol, creatinine and alkaline phosphatase. Meanwhile, seminal plasma albumin, acid phosphatase, T3 and cortisol were significantly (P &lt; 0·01 or P &lt; 0·05) lower, while GPT and GOT were significantly (P &lt; 0·01) higher in heat stress than in mild conditions.Thermoregulatory parameters (respiration rate and temperatures of ear, rectum and skin) and water consumption were significantly (P &lt; 0·01) higher, while consumption of food was significantly (P &lt; 0·01) lower in heat stress than in mild conditions. Blood serum globulin was not affected, while serum total proteins, albumin, glucose, total lipid, cholesterol, acid phosphatase, T3 and cortisol were significantly (P &lt; 0·01 or P &lt; 0·05) lower and urea-N, creatinine, GPT, GOT and alkaline phosphatase were significantly (P &lt; 0·01 or P &lt; 0·05) higher in heat stress than in mild conditions, within the Egyptian subtropical climate.

Effect of Grain Level and Protein Content of the Grain for Grazing Cows on Milk Composition and Yield, and Certain Blood and Rumen Constituents

Two concentrate mixtures, containing 8.3 and 22.6% crude protein, were fed at 1kg per 1.75, 3.5, and 7.0kg of milk produced during standardization to 48 lactating Holstein cows grazing medium-quality Blue-grass pasture. Milk was sampled for composition analyses at ten-day intervals. Jugular blood samples were taken for determination of serum protein and protein fractions, and rumen contents sampled for VFA analyses.Milk yields were significantly related to levels of dietary protein and grain. Per cent SNF, protein, and lactose-mineral in the milk increased as level of feeding increased, but were not affected by ration protein. No interaction between dietary protein and energy was noted for milk constituents. The high-grain ration resulted in depressed milk fat and increased rumen propionate. Neither rumen acetate, butyrate, nor any of the blood protein fractions were significantly affected by grain level. The high-protein ration resulted in higher concentrations of total VFA, acetate, propionate, and butyrate in rumen fluid; and in higher albumin and NPN and lower alpha globulin in blood serum.

激運動による血液成分の変動とその意義について

With a view to finding out the physiological significance of the changes in blood components after hard exercise, a series of expeiments were conducted using rabbit as subjects. The rabbits were made to run (40-60 metres per minute, for 5 minutes) on the hand-driven treadmill. The results obtained were as follows: 1) The change in the amount of the blood components just after the exercise ran counter to the change in the blood water. The amount of the blood water was not very significant in this case, but the concentrated blood coming from the spleen had perhaps a greater effect upon the changes in the blood components. 2) The blood corpuscles showed clearly a decrease at 30 minutes after the exercise, but the hemoglobin did not show such a decrease, and at the same time, the average diameetr of red blood cells was increased the blood corpuscle water Showed an increase and the potassium in the serum showed a remakable increase, From these, it is inferred that the metabolism and the destruction of the red blood cells were increased by the hard exercise. 3) It is considered that the blood plasma protein which showed a remarkable increase just after the exercise was affected by the decrease of the blood plasma water, and it may also be considered that the concentrated blood plasma from the blood reservation organ contributed to the increase of the blood plasma protein. 4) The changes in A/G ratio of the blood serum protein did not show any definite tendency. At 30 minutes after exercise, the blood serum albumin showed an increase and the blood serum globulin showed a decrease. The change in the α-globulin showed a similar tendency to the total globulin in the serum. The β-globulin showed a remarkable decrease, and the γ-globulin showed a remarkable increase from 10 minutes after the exercise.

血清のレンニン凝固抑制作用に關する研究 (第1報)

We have experimented on the repressive action of blood serums for rennin coagulation of cow's milk.1. Repressive power is the largest in pig and horse, human and cow is very weak, Rabbit have no this power.2. Horse-serums power are different from the time and individual bodies.3. Acid salts and heavy metals repress, on the contrary (NH4) 2 SO4, sodium salts and posphorus salts keep down on rennin coagulation.4. Blood-serum globulin have no this power.5. Dialysed blood-albumin, ammonium sulphate ppt. acts not entirely.6. Heating serum 80°C vanish this action.7. Ultra-filteration, freezing, ultra-sound-wave exposure, drying in room temperature or drying, in low temperature Boric acid and succharose addition for blood-serum have no influence on this power.8. Formaldehyde alcohol phenol and sublimate addition vanish this power.9. This repressive substance in horse's blood serum become antigen which is able to produce antibodies in blood of rabbit.10. From above experiments we can consider that this substance is protein and perhaps unknown albumin-like protein.

Blood Serum Globulin in Leprosy

Conclusions and SummaryThe results in this series of cases indicate that Sia's globulin precipitation test is positive in certain cases of leprosy, particularly in the nodular and mixed types of the disease. Of the 32 cases of leprosy on which this test was made 17 of them were positive. The intensity of the reactions varied from 1 to 3 plus. In all of these cases the percentage of blood serum globulin was estimated. The nodular cases showed an average of 4.68 per cent; the mixed cases, 4.52 per cent; the active maculo-anesthetic cases, 4.23 per cent and the latent maculo-anesthetic cases an average of 3.11 per cent.The value of the test from a diagnostic point of view in the differentiation of kala-azar and schistosomiasis from leprosy is not of importance. Although the three diseases are often found endemic in the same regions, the clinical differences between the former diseases and leprosy are sufficiently distinct to prevent any confusion in their differential diagnosis.It is impossible to see any relationship between the serum globulin content of the blood of the cases treated with the ethyl esters of chaulmoogra oil, and those not treated, sufficient to make it of any value as a clinical test for determining the efficacy of such treatment. It is suggested, however, that the blood serum globulin and the precipitation test be studied in this relation to ascertain whether or not there is any decrease in the amount of serum globulin or the positiveness of the test parallel with clinical improvement.Apparently the serum globulin in long standing cases, in which the infection has become clinically latent, does decrease to a point within its normal range. This has been true of the maculoanesthetic cases in this series which have never had any form of treatment, and suggests the close relationship of activity of infection and serum globulin content in leprosy.It is interesting to note the differences in the protein partition of normal blood and that of kala-azar, schistosomiasis and leprosy. The total protein content of the blood from leprosy cases is higher than in the first two diseases. In kala-azar and schistosomiasis the serum globulin increases at the expense of the serum albumin which decreases to a point 50 per cent below that of normal blood. In leprosy the serum albumin remains practically normal. Although the serum globulin of leprosy does not reach the height it does in kala-azar and schistosomiasis, the total protein content exceeds that of these two diseases because of the behavior of the serum albumin.

THE GLOBULIN CONTENT OF THE BLOOD SERUM IN SYPHILIS

The combination of refractometry and viscosimetry apparently can be used for the determination of the albumin-globulin ratio in blood serum. Globulin is in some way associated with the process of immunity, though perhaps only in an incidental way. The Nonne test of the spinal fluid is based entirely on the presence of the globulin. A relation of other tests to globulin is at least suspected. While an increase of globulin in blood serum is not specific for any disease, there may at least be a quantitative relationship to pathologic processes. Hence it would seem that its presence or absence in the body fluids might prove to be of diagnostic significance. Syphilitic blood serum has been chosen for this investigation because it is known to present an increased globulin content. Our study is far from being complete, but the results seem to be sufficiently interesting to warrant a report at this