Globularia Alypum Research Articles

Ethnobotanical survey of five wild medicinal plants used by local population in Taza province (Northeastern Morocco)

Since ancient times, Moroccan people have used medicinal and aromatic plants as traditional medicine to treat various ailments. However, few studies have been made to document and promote traditional knowledge. The present study aims to collect information about folk knowledge on the medicinal use of five plants, namely Globularia alypum, Inula viscosa, Chenopodium ambrosioides, Ajuga iva, and Urtica dioca in Taza province (northeastern Morocco). We used semi-structured and unstructured interviews with herbalists, traditional healers, and the local population in Taza province. Indeed, 240 questionnaires were collected to gather information about each plant (parts used, methods of preparation and administration, treatable diseases, etc.). The collected data were analyzed using quantitative indices such as the use value (UV), fidelity level (FL), and informant agreement ratio factor (IAR). Most of the interviewees were 60 years old (58.33%), and 70% of them were women. Nearly 60 % of the interviewees were illiterate, and heritage related to traditional medicine, was the main source of knowledge (50%). Ten indications were reported for the studied species in traditional medicine where dermatological and gastrointestinal disorders had the highest use reports, and two species had the highest FL (100%). The highest UV was found for C. ambrosioides (0.44) and A. iva (0.31). The main preparation forms were infusion (40%) and decoction (22%). The most frequently used plant parts were leaves (55.83%). The wide traditional uses of the studied species are largely supported. Future experimental research should be focused on their pharmacological properties and mechanisms of action.

Tourist Trampling on a Peripheral Plant Population Restricted to an Urban Natural Area in the Capo Sant’Elia Promontory (Sardinia, W-Mediterranean Basin)

Urban natural areas provide important ecological services such as biodiversity conservation, as well as opportunities for people to connect with nature and preserve cultural heritage. However, the increasing demand for access to natural areas and the expansion of human recreational activities, such as hiking and biking, pose threats to these ecosystems, especially for animal and plant species, finally resulting in biodiversity loss. This study explores the intricate link between human trampling, plant density, and the morphological and reproductive characteristics of Globularia alypum L., a plant with a peripheral population in Sardinia restricted to a natural area within an urban context. The study examined trampling effects on 75 plots along a frequently used path crossing the plant’s core population. Similar environmental conditions were assumed, with differences attributed to human trampling intensity and plant density, and morphological and reproductive traits were measured within each plot. Our results showed that human trampling caused differences in the morphological traits of plants, whereas, in contrast, reproductive traits are less vulnerable to human trampling than morphological ones. As a result, trampled areas may experience decreased plant recruitment, which can have long-term implications for plant population dynamics. Understanding the relationship between trampling effects and the sensitivity of peripheral plant populations is crucial for effective conservation and management strategies.

HPLC-DAD Analysis and Investigation of Biological Properties of the Leaves of Globularia alypum (L.), Infusion Extract.

Globularia alypum L. (GA) belonging to the Globulariaceae family is a Mediterranean plant which is widely used in traditional Tunisian medicine. The aim of this study was to investigate the phytochemical composition, antioxidant, anti-arthritic, antiproliferative, antibacterial and antibiofilm potential of aqueous GA leaf extracts (AGAL). Quantitative analyses of the different constituents of extracts were evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode-array detection (HPLC-DAD). Spectrophotometric methods and chemical tests were used for antioxidant and anti-arthritic activities. The antiproliferative study was evaluated using colorectal cancer SW620 cells, while the antibacterial assessment and analysis of the antibiofilm effects were determined by the microdilution method and the crystal violet assay, respectively. AGAL extracts presented several components, mainly Nepetin-7-Glucoside and trans-ferrulic acid. The results showed that they had an important antioxidant (IC50 = 0.34; 0.38 and 1.20 mg/mL) and anti-arthritic (IC50 = 2.94 mg/mL) properties, and these effects are displayed in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, this extract demonstrated significant antiproliferative (IC50 = 50 µg/mL), antibacterial (MIC = 6.25 mg/mL and MBC = 6.25 mg/mL), and antibiofilm (59.70% at 25 mg/mL) properties especially against S. aureus. The results achieved confirm the important role of this plant as a source of therapeutic activities.

Analysis of Pathogens of Urinary Tract Infections Associated with Indwelling Double-J Stents and Their Susceptibility to Globularia alypum.

Ureteral double-J stents are frequently used to prevent urinary obstruction. They can develop bacterial colonization and encrustation, which leads to persistent infections that seldom respond to antibiotic treatment. Thus, the goal of this study was to evaluate the local spectrum of bacterial pathogens and their susceptibility to natural compounds. A total of 59 double-J ureteral stents from 59 consecutive patients were examined. The samples were inoculated on agar culture mediums. Extracts of Globularia alypum L. were evaluated for their antibacterial activity with the diffusion and broth dilution methods; for antibiofilm activity, the crystal violet assay was used. The identification and the quantification of the different constituents of extracts were determined by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Bacterial growth was found in three patients (5.1%). Enterococcus faecalis (1.7%), Acinetobacter baumanii (1.7%), and Pseudomonas putida (1.7%) strains were more commonly detected. They were resistant to several common antibiotics. All extracts presented several components, mainly nepetin-7-glucoside and trans-ferulic-acid, and they had antibacterial activity (MIC = 6.25 mg/mL and MBC = 6.25 mg/mL), and antibiofilm (59.70% at 25 mg/mL) properties, especially against Acinetobacter baumanii. The results achieved confirm the important role of this plant as a source of therapeutic activities.

Contribution to the evaluation of the biomass of medicinal and aromatic plants in Mo-rocco: Case of Globularia alypum

Morocco is distinguished by the richness of its flora, including medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) which play an important role, particularly in rural populations. Due to pressures often associated with overexploitation, monitoring of MAPs is essential to ensure their sustainability. This study looked to explore the status of Globularia alypum in the Amsittene site of biological and ecological interest (SBEI) in Morocco. A destructive technique was adopted to quantify biomass and productivity of G. alypum at six sites with different ecological characteristics in the Amsisttene SBEI. Linear regression was used to model G. alypum biomass as a function of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Tree cover had the greatest influence on G. alypum dynamics, showing a significant effect on shrub height, leaf productivity, and total productivity, as did the cutting method, with the highest biomass estimated based on pair matching of similar individuals. NDVI was found to be an adequate indicator of G. alypum biomass, given their high correlation (0.84) with the selected model having an R2 of 0.7. The yield of extracted essential oils ranged from 3.19 to 113.43 L, from which 10 chemical compounds were identified, with ethylvanillin being the most prominent.

Biofilm Inhibition of Inula viscosa (L.) Aiton and Globularia alypum L. Extracts Against Candida Infectious Pathogens and In Vivo Action on Galleria mellonella Model.

The increasing importance of fungal infections has fueled the search for new beneficial alternatives substance from plant extracts. The current study investigates the antifungal and antibiofilm activity of Inula viscosa (L.) Aiton and Globularia alypum (L.) leaves extracts against Candida both in vitro and in vivo. The inhibition of planktonic and sessile Candida albicans and Candida glabrata growth using both leaf extracts are evaluated. Moreover; an in vivo infection model using Galleria mellonella larvae; infected and treated with the extracts are performed. All extracts show fungicidal activity; with a minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) ranging from 128 to 512µgmL-1 against the two selected strains of Candida. In particular, the best results are obtained with methanolic extract of I. viscosa and G. alypum with an MFC value of 128µgmL-1 . The extracts are capable to prevent 90% of biofilm development at minor concentrations ranging from 100.71 ± 2.49µgmL-1 to 380.4 ± 0.92µgmL-1 . In vivo, tests on Galleria mellonella larvae show that the extracts increase the survival of the larvae infected with Candida. The attained results reveal that I. viscosa and G. alypum extracts may be considered as new antifungal agents and biofilm inhibiting agents for the pharmaceutical and agro-food field.

Phytochemical Analysis and Evaluation of the Antioxidant, Antiproliferative, Antibacterial, and Antibiofilm Effects of Globularia alypum (L.) Leaves.

Globularia alypum L. (GA) is a Mediterranean plant of the Globulariaceae family which is widely used in traditional Tunisian medicine. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical composition, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antibiofilm activities, and the antiproliferative potential of different extracts of this plant. The identification and the quantification of the different constituents of extracts were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antioxidant activities were evaluated using spectrophotometric methods and chemical tests. The antiproliferative study was based on the use of colorectal cancer SW620 cells, including an antibacterial assessment with the microdilution method and analysis of the antibiofilm effects via the crystal violet assay. All extracts presented several components, mainly sesquiterpenes, hydrocarbon, and oxygenated monoterpenes. The results revealed that the maceration extract had the most important antioxidant effect (IC50 = 0.04 and 0.15 mg/mL), followed by the sonication extract (IC50 = 0.18 and 0.28 mg/mL). However, the sonication extract demonstrated significant antiproliferative (IC50 = 20 µg/mL), antibacterial (MIC = 6.25 mg/mLand MBC > 25 mg/mL), and antibiofilm (35.78% at 25 mg/mL) properties against S. aureus. The results achieved confirm the important role of this plant as a source of therapeutic activities.

Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of four medicinal plants from Algeria

Medicinal plants are used in folk medicine to cure several human diseases. This work was designed to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of different extracts of Globularia alypum, Dittrichia viscosa, Juniperus oxycedrus, and Retama sphaerocarpa. The total phenolic content (TPC), the total flavonoid content (TFC), and the condensed tannin content (CTC) were determined spectrophotometrically. The antioxidant activity was tested using TAC, DPPH and reducing power assays. The agar diffusion method was used to determine antimicrobial activity against four bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and one fungus (Candida albicans). J. oxycedrus acetone extract showed the highest extraction yield (35.56±0.45%), TPC (504.96±14.82 mg GAE/g DE) and TFC (43.91±0.87 mg QE/g DE). The same extract exhibited the highest TAC (350.67±6.05 mg GAE/g DE) and was the most effective against the DPPH free radical (IC50 = 0.21±0.01 mg/mL). In contrast, the J. oxycedrus methanol extract showed the highest reducing power (A0.5 = 0.39 ± 0.09 mg/mL). All extracts tested showed antibacterial and anticandidal activities at different concentrations. The best antimicrobial effect was also observed with the acetone extract of J. oxycedrus against P. aeruginosa (26.77±0.06 mm), B. cereus (17.16±0.08 mm), E. coli (15.84±0.04 mm), and C. albicans (21.36±0.11 mm), while the ethanol extract of D. viscosa was the most active against S. aureus (24.54±0.03 mm). The results of this study provide a scientific basis for the traditional use of these local plants and demonstrate their potential as sources of natural antioxidant and antimicrobial bioactive compounds.

The Role of Globularia alypum Explored Ex Vivo In Vitro on Human Colon Biopsies from Ulcerative Colitis Patients.

The existing literature indicates that Globularia alypum L. (GA) influences inflammation and oxidative stress modulation in rats and in vitro. The present study aims to investigate the effects of this plant in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and normal controls. In our experiments, we pretreated colon biopsies from 46 UC patients and normal controls with GA leaves aqueous extract (GAAE) used at two concentrations (50 and 100 µg/mL) for 3 h, followed by Lipopolysaccharides (from Escherichia coli) stimulation. We analyzed the effects on inflammation by studying the cyclo-oxygenase-2, the intercellular adhesion molecule-1, the nuclear factor kappa B, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase expression. Moreover, we assessed the levels of interleukin 6, the superoxide dismutase activity, and nitric oxide release in the supernatant of cultures. Our data showed that GAAE influences UC patients and normal controls for most studied markers and enzymes. These results acknowledge, with some scientific evidence, the traditional belief in the anti-inflammatory properties of GA and represent the first demonstration of its effect in a human in vitro model of inflammatory conditions.

Seasonal Differences in Ecophysiological Performance between Resprouters and Non-Resprouters across an Aridity Gradient in Northwest Tunisia

Understanding the functioning of shrub species during dry periods is necessary to forecast ecosystem responses to future climates, particularly in Mediterranean environments. We evaluated the seasonal changes in leaf gas exchange, hydraulic traits, carbon and nitrogen isotopes, and non-structural carbohydrates of seeders and resprouting shrub species typical of Aleppo pine forests across an aridity gradient in Tunisia: Djebel Zaghouan (subhumid climate), Djebel Mansour (semiarid transitional climate), and Djebel El Sarj (semi-arid climate). We monitored seven woody species: Pistacia lentiscus, Erica multiflora, Phillyrea latifolia (resprouters), Cistus monspeliensis, Rosmarinus officinalis (seeders), Globularia alypum, and Calicotome villosa (resprouters-seeders). The seasonal variation in leaf water content was usually higher in seeders than in resprouters and was associated with higher resistance to embolism. In contrast, the seasonal variation in non-structural carbohydrates was higher in resprouters, especially at the driest site. Both δ13C and δ15N displayed seasonal enrichment-depletion patterns, with seeders showing an overall higher δ13C in summer than in spring, consistent with a water-saving strategy of increasing water use efficiency. Discriminant analysis suggested that resprouters can sustain a positive carbon balance during drought periods. The differential impact of summer droughts on water status and the ecophysiology of these plant strategies may lead to different ecosystem dynamics depending on whether climate change tips the balance towards a preponderance of stressors (drought) or disturbances (fire) in dry Mediterranean areas.

Triterpenoid and Steroid Content of Lipophilic Extracts of Selected Medicinal Plants of the Mediterranean Region.

The available phytochemical characteristics of the medicinal plants and derived herbal material often lack data concerning the content of steroids (including phytosterols) and triterpenoids, that can be responsible for various beneficial properties and therapeutic effects, either directly, or as a result of synergistic action with other bioactive constituents. The aim of the present work was the analysis of the content of these compounds in herbal material (leaves, aerial parts) derived from selected medicinal plants (Cistus ladanifer, Cistus monspeliensis, Erica arborea, Globularia alypum, Pistacia lentiscus, Rhamnus alaternus), widely used in folk medicine in the Mediterranean region. Results obtained by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-targeted profiling revealed the diversity in the profiles and contents of steroids and triterpenoids in the analyzed plant material, ranging from 5.7% d.w. in E. arborea to 0.1% in G. alypum. The obtained results supplement the existing phytochemical data of the investigated medicinal plants, pointing to the E. arborea aerial parts and P. lentiscus leaves as valuable resources of phytosterols and bioactive triterpenoids.

Biological activities and determination of the mode of action of Tunisian Globularia alypum and Cistus monspeliensis ethanolic extracts

ABSTRACT This study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extracts (EEs) of Cistus monspeliensis and Globularia alypum. C. monspeliensis showed the highest values of phenolic compounds. Further, it was shown that EE of C. monspeliensis displayed the highest DPPH (IC50 = 8.3 ± 1.08 mg/mL). The chemical profiles demonstrated a total of 12 and 13 phenolic compounds for C. monspeliensis and G. alypum, respectively. EEs of both plants possessed broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity when tested against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Treatment of studied strains with these extracts at their MICs reduced considerably the bacterial viability. The extracts did not induce total bacterial lysis, as determined by the measurement of optical density at 620 nm. Strains treated with EEs at Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations showed significant loss of tolerance to NaCl. Our results contribute to understanding the antibacterial mechanism of ethanolic extracts of the studied medicinal plants.

Globularia alypum Extracts Attenuate Hyperglycemia and Protect against Various Organ Toxicities in Alloxan-Induced Experimental Diabetic Rats.

In this study, we attempted for the first time to determine the phytochemical compositions and biopharmaceutical properties of Globularia alypum methanol extract (GAME) and Globularia alypum water extract (GAWE). High-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) analysis was performed to establish the chemical profile of the investigated extracts. Chemical composition analysis was taken in the presence of various bioactive compounds such as quercetin 7-O-glucoside and apigenin 7-O-glucoside in GAME. In GAWE, various abundant compounds were found in the extract such as quercetin 7-O-glucoside, apigenin, quercetin, apigenin 7-O-glucoside, and cinnamic acid. This study showed that the administration of GAWE and GAME to type 1 diabetic rats decreased fasting blood glucose, protected pancreas β-cells from death and injury, increased liver glycogen rate, and ameliorated oral glucose tolerance test. Moreover, GA reduced weight loss, and diabetes decreased basic physical activity. In addition, the administration of GA extracts in diabetic rats protected from diabetes-induced liver, kidney, testes, heart, and bone toxicities. Conclusion. GAWE has possible value for antidiabetic oral medication.

Effect of extraction process on phytochemical composition and antioxidant properties of Rosmarius officinalis and Globularia alypum extracts

Rosmarinus officinalis and Globularia alypum are well known and commonly used in Algeria as species and medicinal plants. The composition and the biological activities of plants depend on several factors. We investigated the influence of one factor: the extraction process. Water and methanol (80%) were used as solvent in the extraction by infusion, decoction and cold maceration. The extracts were evaluated regarding yields, thin layer chromatography, phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Results showed that temperature increase plants extraction biomass efficiency (15.90% for rosemary and 28.10% for globular). Phytochemical screening of extracts revealed the presence of several phenolic classes, including flavonoids and tannins. In addition, G. alypum contains irridiods. Thin layer chromatography showed the presence of some phenolic compounds, particularly flavonoids, of which methanolic extracts gave the highest separation. Levels of total phenolics, flavonoïds and tannins were highly influenced by method and solvent system applied. Methanolic extracts were richest in flavonoïds (39.90 mg QE/g for rosmary and 17.97mg QE/g for globular). While, for both plants, higher concentrations of tannins were noted for aqueous extracts prepared by decoction (15.9 mg CE/g and 28.10 mg CE/g respectively). Regarding the antioxidant activity, the antiradical effect of the extracts against the DPPH radical was interesting with an IC50 between 0.024 and 0.33 mg/ml, noting that R. officinalis methanol extract was the most powerful. However, G. alypum extracts, presented a higher reductive power than rosemary. Aqueous extracts, were the most active, reaching optical densities of 1.41 for water infusion extract and 1.53 for water decoction extract.

Evaluation of Acute Toxicity of Aqueous Extract of Libyan Globularia Alypum in Albino Mice

Aims. Lorke’s method was used to evaluate the acute toxicity effect of aqueous extract from the aerial part of Libyan Globularia alypum on albino mice. Methods. The study involved intra-peritoneal administration of different doses of the extract to groups of female mice. Results. Signs resultant toxicity and possible death of animals were monitored for 14 days to ascertain the median lethal dose (LD50) of the extract. At the end of the two-week study, all the animals in all the dose groups were survived. Conclusion. Globularia alypum plant can be considered as safe plant, as long as the LD50 is greater than 5000 mg/kg body weight.

Globularia alypum L. and Related Species: LC-MS Profiles and Antidiabetic, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Antibacterial and Anticancer Potential.

Species from the genus Globularia L. have been used as healing agents for various ailments, with utilization of Globularia alypum L. being most frequently reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and anticancer potential of G. alypum and three related species, G. punctata Lapeyr., G. cordifolia L. and G. meridionalis (Podp.) O.Schwarz, in relation to their phytochemical compositions. Globularin and verbascoside were identified using LC-PDA-ESI-MSn as the major metabolites of G. alypum with known biological activities. G. alypum demonstrated the greatest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 17.25 μg/mL), while its anti-inflammatory activity was not significantly different from those of related species. All investigated species showed considerable antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the broth microdilution method (MIC = 1.42–3.79 mg/mL). G. punctata also showed antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli (MIC = 1.42 mg/mL), Bacillus subtilis (MIC = 1.89 mg/mL), B. cereus (MIC = 2.84 mg/mL) and Enterococcus faecalis (MBC = 5.68 mg/mL). G. punctata, G. cordifolia and G. meridionalis showed greater anticancer potential than G. alypum. Obtained results indicate investigated Globularia species could serve as sources of diverse bioactive molecules, with G. punctata having the greatest antibacterial potential.

Antihemolytic and antioxidant activities of aerial parts extracts of Zygophyllum album L. and Globularia alypum L. from Algeria

The main intrest of this study was to evaluate the antihemolytic and the antioxidant activities of the aqueous extracts of Globularia alypum and Zygophyllum album prepared by three different methods: decoction, infusion and maceration. Phytochemical tests, total phenolic, flavonoid and tannins contents of the different aqueous extracts were determined. DPPH radical scavenging assay and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) were employed for the evaluation of the antioxidant activity. Whereas, the antihemolytic activity was carried out by the evaluation of the protective effect of the various prepared extracts on red blood cells against the radical attack induced by 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane) di-hydrochloride (AAPH). The aqueous extract of Globularia alypum prepared by decoction showed the highest level of total phenolic contents (196.52± 10.76 µg GAE/mg Extract). These findings confirmed the remarkably antioxidant properties of this plant with DPPH scavenging activity and FRAP test. A concentration of 160 µg/ml of this extract showed a protective effect against hemolysis induced by AAPH radical. Hence, Zygophyllum album extracts demonstrated lower level of total phenolic contents (30.41 ± 2.01 µg GAE/mg Extract) and lower antioxidant and antihemolytic activities. Globularia alypum extracts presented a powerful antioxidant and antihemolytic activities especially for the decoction extract whereas Zygophyllum album revealed a weaker protective effect except its maceration extract.

Study of the Biological Activities of the Methanolic Extract of Globularia Alypum l from Algeria

Medicinal plants are a very important therapeutic drug source in terms of medicinal use as they contain various secondary metabolites and bioactive compounds which procure to them several therapeutic potentials. The present research is aimed to study some biological activities of the methanol extract of Gloubular alypum maerial part , all the preliminary tests to be carried out for the quantitative metabolites determination of the used plant which have been confirmed the presence of many different concentration of flavonoids, polyphenols and flavanols and to evaluate different antioxidant activity busing two parameters DPPH and ferric potential FRAP and to test the inflammatory effect in vivo. The results obtained showed that the extract has an important antioxidant activity defined by 0,153. 0,116. 0,110(μg/ml). and significant anti-inflammatory activity.etalon at the following concentrations 0.23. 0.40. 0.34 (μg/ml). Gloubulariaalypum have significant therapeutic activities based on the present results obtained in current research and comparing to previous studiesso this what explain its utilization on alternative medicine and push us for anterior research. Keywords: anti-inflammatory activity, Biological activities, Frap, Globularia alypum , phytochemical screening

Globularia Alypum L. Modulates Inflammatory Markers in the Human Colon and shows a Potential Antioxidant Role in Myeloid Leukemic Cells

Globularia alypum (GA), a plant of the Globulariacea family, has long been used as a traditional cure for inflammatory and metabolic illnesses.In addition to various in vitro model studies, the current work focuses on GA'santioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in human colon biopsies. Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry identified the phenol components in GA aqueous extract (GAAE).The antioxidant ability of GAAE was tested in vitro utilizing chemiluminescence and flow cytometry using fluorescent yeastsn conjunction with PLB-985-human myeloid leukemia cells. Experiments on human colon biopsies after a biopsy challenge with Escherichia coli-lipopolysaccharides aimed tosee if GAAE had an anti-inflammatory impact on human colon inflammation.Western blotting was used to assessthe expression of several inflammatory markers. According to the findings, GAAE had a significant influence on hydrogen peroxide and cellular reactive oxygen species.GAAE inhibited the activities of cyclooxygenase 2 and nuclear factor B in inflamed biopsies, indicating anti-inflammatory action.The present study is the first to show that GA has a beneficial effect on human colon inflammation, thanks to its significant antioxidant activity in vitro.According to these preliminary data, GA should be further studies integrative supporting human gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases.

Molecular Docking Studies, Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, Cytotoxicity, Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Globularia alypum Extract

Background: Globularia alypum L. is a Mediterranean plant of the Globulariaceae family which has been used in folk medicine to cure several diseases. Different studies have been done in vitro and in vivo using diverse G. alypum extracts to understand this traditional use. Methods: In this study, Tunisian G. alypum leaf methanol extract (GAME) was chemically identified using LC-ESI-MS, then examined in vitro for its antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal activities. Besides, a molecular docking study was also conducted. Results: Nineteen phenolic compounds were detected, with trans-cinnamic acid (45.14%) and luteolin 7-O-glucoside (19.82%) being the dominant ones. The GAME demonstrated important antioxidant activities, especially against 2, 2-diphenyl-l-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) radical (IC50 = 16.1±1.1 μg.ml-1) and exhibited an anti-proliferative effect against Vero cells with (IC50 2091 ± 177 μg.ml-1). Data also reveals that the GAME inhibited the growth of oral bacteria, in particular Streptococcus oralis (MICs value ranged from 2560 to 20480 μg.ml-1). In addition, GAME has a significant antifungal action, especially against Candida albicans ATCC 90028 (MIC=2560 μg.ml-1). Docking study identified one of the major molecules (luteolin 7-O-glucoside) present in the GAME extract, displaying a good interaction with tyrosinase (docking score -9.6 kcal.mol-1) and other antibacterial (tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase, gyrase, deformylase) and antifungal (n-myristoyltransferase, chitinase) target proteins. Conclusion: This study illustrates that GAME has potent sources of antioxidants and antimicrobials useful in combating oral bacteria. Hence GAME can be of reasonable use in food technology, processing, as well as the medical field.