Globoid In Shape Research Articles

The importance of Brazilian Conservation Units for the diversity of gall-inducing insects: a study on gall-inducing insect richness in the Chapada Diamantina National Park, state of Bahia, Brazil.

Conservation Units (CUs) tend to have a high richness of herbivorous insects, including gall-inducing insects. Despite this, gall surveys carried out in these environments are punctual and some units have never had their galls investigated, such as the Chapada Diamantina National Park, Bahia (Chapada Diamantina Parna). Aiming to reduce this gap and contribute to future studies in CUs, this study aimed to survey the galls of the Chapada Diamantina Parna, Lençóis, as well as to investigate trends in research on galls in CUs in Brazil. For that, collections were carried out on monthly trips for one year. Published gall surveys were compiled. A total of 107 morphotypes induced in 88 host species were recorded. Most galls are formed in leaves, globoid in shape, green in color, and induced by Cecidomyiidae. This park has a relatively high richness of galls compared to other CUs, demonstrating its importance in the conservation of gall-inducing insects. The results also revealed that the number of surveys has been increasing over the years and that the Southeast concentrates the largest number of studies, a region that also gathers the largest number of specialists, demonstrating a geographic bias in the data.

Oxalis purpurea sclerotium rot caused by Athelia rolfsii

Over a 3-year period (2015–2017), sclerotium rot was observed on purple wood sorrel (Oxalis purpurea) in the exhibition field of Gyeongsangnam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Jinju, South Korea. Infected plants exhibited blight and rot symptoms. White mycelial mats spread over lesions, and numerous sclerotia formed on the petiole near the soil line. Sclerotia were globoid in shape, 1–3 mm in size, and white to brown in color. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth and sclerotium formation on potato dextrose agar (PDA) was 30 °C and the hyphal width was 4–8 μm. Typical clamp connections were observed in the hyphae of fungi grown on PDA. Molecular identification was conducted by sequencing and analysis of the complete internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA sequence of the causal fungus. On the basis of mycological characteristics, molecular identification, and pathogenicity to host plants, this fungus was identified as Athelia rolfsii. This is the first report of sclerotium rot on purple wood sorrel caused by A. rolfsii.

Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Sclerotium rolfsii(Teleomorph Athelia rolfsii) Associated with Sclerotium Rot of Cucumis melo L. var. makuwa Makino

In the present study, a severe outbreak of Sclerotium rot on Korean melon(Cucumis melo L. var. makuwa Makino) observed in Jinju, Korea in August of 2014 and 2015 is reported. The fruit rot disease on the surface of Korean melon fruit appeared as water soaked lesion followed by the development of large rotten areas with abundant white mycelial growth. Abundant white mycelial mats with globoid and white to brown sclerotia(1-3 mm) were also developed on stems near the soil line, and infected plants withered. The fungal pathogen was isolated on potato dextrose agar(PDA) and formed white colonies with numerous sclerotia on PDA. The sclerotia were globoid in shape, 1-3 mm in size, and white to brown in color. The mycelium formed typical clamp connection. These measurements and taxonomic characteristics were most similar to those of Sclerotium. DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the complete internal transcribed spacer rRNA gene region confirmed that the fungal isolates were Sclerotium rolfsii Saccardo. Koch’s postulates were supported by pathogenicity tests conducted on fruit. Based on mycological characteristics, pathogenicity tests, and molecular identification, the fungus was identified as Sclerotium rolfsii. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a Sclerotium rot caused by S. rolfsii on Korean melon in Korea.

Sclerotium rolfsii에 의한 동부 흰비단병

Sclerotium rot disease on cowpea (Vigna sinensis King) was observed in the exhibition field of Gyeongsangnam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services in September 2015. Lesions were covered by white mycelial mats, and numerous sclerotia were formed on the stem near the soil line. The sclerotia were globoid in shape, 1~3 mm in size and white to brown in color. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth and sclerotia formation on potato dextrose agar (PDA) was 30oC, with the hyphal width of 4~8 μm. For molecular identification, the complete internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA region of the causal fungus was sequenced and analyzed. Based on the mycological characteristics, ITS rDNA sequence analysis, and pathogenicity test, this fungus was identified as Sclerotium rolfsii. This is the first report of sclerotium rot on cowpea caused by S. rolfsii in Korea.

Sclerotium rolfsii에 의한 오이 흰비단병 발생

경상남도농업기술원 시험포장에서 S. rolfsii에 의한 오이 흰비단병 증상이 발생하였다. 전형적인 병징으로 시들음, 썩음, 줄기와 과실 수침상을 보였고 감염된 식물체는 결국 시들어 말라 죽었다. 병반부와 토양 표면에 흰색의 곰팡이가 발생하며 갈색의 작고 둥근 균핵이 형성되었다. 감자한천배지에서 균총은 흰색이고 잘 자라며 배양기간이 경과됨에 따라 갈색의 작은 둥근 균핵을 많이 형성하였다. 균핵의 크기는 1-3 mm이며 균사의 폭은 4-8 <TEX>${\mu}m$</TEX>였다. 균사생육과 균핵 형성 적온은 <TEX>$30^{\circ}C$</TEX>이었다. 주사전자현미경 검경결과 균사 특유의 clamp connection이 관찰되었다. 코흐의 가설을 만족하기 위해, 50일간 키운 오이 유묘를 이용하여 병원성 검정을 실시한 결과 흰비단병 특유의 병징을 유도하였다. 오이에서 발생한 병징과 병원균의 균학적 특징, 그리고 ITS rDNA 염기서열 비교분석 결과, 이 병을 Sclerotium rolfsii Saccardo에 의한 오이 흰비단병으로 명명하고자 제안한다. Sclerotium rot of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) occurred at the experimental field of Gyeongsangnam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services in July 2012. The typical symptoms included wilt, rot, and water-soaking on stems and fruits and severely infected plants eventually died. White mycelial mats spread over lesions, and then sclerotia were formed on fruit and near soil line. The sclerotia were globoid in shape, white to brown in color and 1-3 mm in size and the hyphal width was 4-8 <TEX>${\mu}m$</TEX>. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth and sclerotia formation on PDA was <TEX>$30^{\circ}C$</TEX>. The typical clamp connections were observed in the hyphae of the fungus grown on PDA. For further identification, the complete internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA region was amplified and sequenced. On the basis of mycological characteristics, ITS rDNA region comparison, and pathogenicity to host plants, this fungus was identified as Sclerotium rolfsii Saccardo. This is the first report of sclerotium rot on cucumber caused by S. rolfsii in Korea.

Sclerotium rolfsii에 의한 옥수수 흰비단병 발생

The sclerotium rot of corn (Zea mays L.) occurred sporadically at the experimental field of Gyeongsangnam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services in July 2011. The infected stems were water-soaked, wilted, and finally led to the death of the whole plants. White mycelial mats were spread over lesions, and then sclerotia were formed on stem and near soil line. The sclerotia were globoid in shape, white to brown in color and 1-3 mm in size. The hyphal width was . The optimum temperature for mycelial growth and sclerotia formation on PDA was 30 on PDA. The typical clamp connections were observed in the hyphae of the fungus grown on PDA. On the basis of mycological characteristics and pathogenicity to host plants, this fungus was identified as Sclerotium rolfsii Saccardo. This is the first report of sclerotium rot on corn caused by S. rolfsii in Korea.

Sclerotium rolfsii에 의한 수세미오이 흰비단병

경상남도농업기술원 시험포장에서 S. rolfsii에 의한 수세미오이 흰비단병 증상이 발생하였다. 병징은 과실이 수침상으로 무르고 갈색으로 변하면서 썩는다. 병반부와 토양 표면에 흰색의 곰팡이가 발생하며 갈색의 작은 둥근 균핵이 형성되었다. 감자한천배지에서 균총은 흰색이고 잘 자라며 배양기간이 경과됨에 따라 갈색의 작은 둥근균핵을 많이 형성하였다. 균핵의 크기는 1-3 mm이며 균사의 폭은 4-9 <TEX>${\mu}m$</TEX>였다. 균사생육과 균핵 형성 적온은 <TEX>$30^{\circ}C$</TEX>이었다. 균사특유의 clamp connection이 관찰되었다. 수세미오이에서 발생한 병징과 병원균의 균학적 특징, 그리고 ITS rDNA 염기서열 비교분석 결과, 이 병을 Sclerotium rolfsii Saccardo에 의한 수세미오이 흰비단병으로 명명하고자 제안한다. Sclerotium rot of sponge gourd occurred at the experimental field of Gyeongsangnam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services in August 2010. The infected fruits showed water-soaked and rot symptoms. White mycelial mats spread over lesions, and then sclerotia were formed on fruit and near soil line. The sclerotia were globoid in shape, 1-3 mm in size and white to brown in color. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth and sclerotia formation on PDA was <TEX>$30^{\circ}C$</TEX> and the hyphal width was 4-8 <TEX>${\mu}m$</TEX>. The typical clamp connections were observed in the hyphae of the fungus grown on PDA. On the basis of mycological characteristics, ITS rDNA sequence analysis, and pathogenicity to host plants, this fungus was identified as Sclerotium rolfsii Saccardo. This is the first report of sclerotium rot on sponge gourd caused by S. rolfsii in Korea.

Sclerotium rolfsii에 의한 은방울꽃 흰비단병

경남농업기술원 함양군 약초전시 포장에 재배중인 은방울꽃에서 S. rolfsii에 의한 흰비단병이 발생되었다. 병징은 원줄기가 수침상으로 물러지고 썩으면서 서서히 시들어 말라 죽었다. 병반부와 지제부의 토양 표면에 흰색의 곰팡이가 발생하고 갈색의 작은 둥근 균핵을 많이 형성하였다. 균핵의 크기는 1~3 mm이며 균사의 폭은 4~9 <TEX>${\mu}m$</TEX>였다. 균사특유의 clamp connection이 관찰되었다. 균사생육과 균핵형성 적온은 <TEX>$30^{\circ}C$</TEX>이었다. 은방울꽃에서 발생한 병징과 병원균의 균학적 특징을 조사한 결과, 이 병을 Sclerotium rolfsii Saccardo에 의한 은방울꽃 흰비단병으로 명명하고자 제안한다. Stem rot symptoms of Convallaria keiskei occurred sporadically in the herb exhibition field at Hamyang-gun Gyeongnam province in Korea. The typical symptom is water-soaking on the main stem, rotting, wilting, and blighting, which eventually leads to death of the plant. The sclerotia, which were white to brown in color, globoid in shape with size of 1~3 mm hyphal width of which was 4~9 <TEX>${\mu}m$</TEX>, were formed over lesions and surface soil line. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth and sclerotia formation was <TEX>$30^{\circ}C$</TEX> on PDA. The typical clamp connections were observed in the hyphae of the fungus grown on PDA. Mycological characteristics and pathogenicity to host plants indicated that the infected fungus was Sclerotium rolfsii Saccardo. This is the first report of stem rot on Convallaria keiskei caused by S. rolfsii in Korea.

Sclerotium rolfsii에 의한 해바라기 흰비단병 발생

The stem rot of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) occurred sporadically in the experimental field of Gyeongsangnam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, on September, 2009. The infected plants were wilted and water-soaked brown spots were formed on the stem, than infected stems were mostly died. White mycelial mats were spread over lesions, and then sclerotia were formed on stem and near soil line. The sclerotia were globoid in shape, 1~3 mm in size and white to brown in color. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth and sclerotia formation on PDA was and the hyphal width was . The typical clamp connections were observed in the hyphae of the pathogenic fungus. On the basis of mycological characteristics and pathogenicity to host plants, this fungus was identified as Sclerotium rolfsii. This is the first report on the stem rot of sunflower by S. rolfsii in Korea.

Stem Rot of Garlic (Allium sativum) Caused by Sclerotium rolfsii

Stem rot disease was found in garlic (Allium sativum L.) cultivated from 2008 to 2010 in the vegetable gardens of some farmers in Geumsan-myon, Jinju City, Gyeongnam province in Korea. The initial symptoms of the disease were typical water-soaked spots, which progressed to rotting, wilting, blighting, and eventually death. White mycelial mats had spread over the lesions near the soil line, and sclerotia had formed over the mycelial mats on the stem. The sclerotia were globoid in shape, 1~3 mm in size, and tan to brown in color. The optimum temperature for growth and sclerotia formation on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium was 30°C. The diameter of the hyphae ranged from approximately 4 to 8 μm. Typical clamp connection structures were observed in the hyphae of the fungus, which was grown on PDA medium for 4 days. On the basis of the mycological characteristics and pathogenicity of the fungus on the host plants, the causal agent was identified as Sclerotium rolfsii Saccardo. This is the first report of stem rot disease in garlic caused by S. rolfsii in Korea.

Sclerotium rolfsii에 의한 자운영 흰비단병의 발생

From 2008 to 2009, the stem rot of Astragalus sinicus L. caused by Sclerotium rolfsii occurred sporadically in Gyeongnam area, Korea. The typical symptom is water-soaking, rotting and wilting on the stem. The infected plants were eventually died. White mycelial mats were spread over lesions, and then sclerotia were formed on stems and near soil line. The sclerotia were globoid in shape, white to brown in color, 1-3 mm in size and the hyphal width was 3-9 μm. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth and sclerotial formation on PDA was 30oC. The typical clamp connections were observed in the hyphae of the fungus grown on PDA. On the basis of mycological characteristics and pathogenicity to host plants, this fungus was identified as Sclerotium rolfsii Saccardo. This is the first report on the stem rot of A. sinicus caused by S. rolfsii in Korea.

Occurrence of Fruit Rot of Melon Caused by Sclerotium rolfsii in Korea

In 2007 to 2008, a fruit rot of Melon (Cucumis melo L.) caused by Sclerotium rolfsii occurred sporadically in a farmer’s vinyl house in Jinju City. The symptoms started with watersoaking lesion and progressed into the rotting of the surface of fruit. White mycelial mats appeared on the lesion at the surface of the fruit and a number of sclerotia formed on the fruit near the soil line. The sclerotia were globoid in shape, 1~3 mm in size, and white to brown in color. The hyphal width was measured 3 to 8 μm. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth and sclerotia formation was 30 on PDA. Typical clamp connections were observed in hyphae of grown for 4 days on PDA. On the basis of symptoms, mycological characteristics and pathogenicity to the host plant, this fungus was identified as Sclerotium rolfsii Saccardo. This is the first report of the fruit rot of Melon caused by S. rolfsii in Korea.

Sclerotium rolfsii에 의한 수박 흰비단병 발생

2007년 5월 상순 진주시 초전동 비닐하우스 수박 재배 포장에서 수박 흰비단병이 발생되었다. 병정은 과실 아랫 부분이 수침상으로 물러지고 부패되면서 병반부와 토양 표면에 흰색의 곰팡이가 솜털모양으로 생기고 갈색의 둥근 균핵을 많이 형성하였다. 균핵의 크기는 <TEX>$1{\sim}3\;mm$</TEX>이며 균사의 폭은 <TEX>$4{\sim}8{\mu}m$</TEX>로서 균사생육과 균핵형성 적온은 <TEX>$30^{\circ}C$</TEX>이었다. 균사특유의 clamp connection이 관찰되었다. 수박에서 발생한 병징과 병원균의 균학적 특징 및 병원성을 검정한 결과, 이 병을 Sclerotium rolfsii에 의한 수박 흰비단병으로 명명하고자 제안한다. The fruit rot of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) occurred sporadically in the farmers field at Chojeondong, Jinju city, Korea, in 2007. The typical symptom was water-soaked, brown on the fruit, and than infected fruits were mostly rotted. White mycelial mats were spread over lesions, and then sclerotia were formed on fruit and near soil line. The sclerotia were globoid in shape, <TEX>$1{\sim}3\;mm$</TEX> in size and white to brown in color. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth and sclerotia formation on PDA was <TEX>$30^{\circ}C$</TEX> and the hyphal width was <TEX>$4{\sim}8{\mu}m$</TEX>. The typical clamp connections were observed in the hyphae of the fungus. On the basis of mycological characteristics and pathogenicity to host plants, this fungus was identified as Sclerotium rolfsii. This is the first report on the fruit rot of watermelon by S. rolfsii in Korea.

Sclerotium rolfsii에 의한 페튜니아흰비단병 발생

2006년에서 2008년까지 진주에서 재배중인 페튜니아에서 병이 발생하였다. 병징은 줄기와 잎이 수침상으로 물러지고 썩으면서 갈색으로 변하며 시들어 말라 죽었다. 줄기, 지제부 및 토양 표면에 솜털모양의 흰색 균사체가 생기고 <TEX>$1{\sim}3\;mm$</TEX> 크기의 둥근 갈색 균핵을 많이 형성하였다. PDA배지 상에서 병원균의 균사 폭은 <TEX>$4{\sim}8\;{\mu}m$</TEX>이며 clamp connection이 형성되었고 균사생육과 균핵형성 적온은 <TEX>$30^{\circ}C$</TEX>이었다. 페튜니아에서 발생한 병징과 병원균의 균학적 특징 및 병원성을 기초로 본 병을 Sclerotium rolfsii Saccardo에 의한 페튜니아 흰비단병으로 명명하고자 제안한다. From 2006 to 2008, the stem rot of Petunia hybrida Vilm. caused by Sclerotium rolfsii occurred sporadically at Jinju city in Gyeongsangnam-do. The typical symptom is water-soaking, brown on the stem and rotting, wilting and blighting. The infected plants were mostly died. White mycelial mats were spread over lesions, and then sclerotia were formed on stem and near soil line. The sclerotia were globoid in shape, <TEX>$1{\sim}3\;mm$</TEX> in size and white to brown in color. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth and sclerotia formation was at <TEX>$30^{\circ}C$</TEX> on PDA and the hyphal width ranged from 4 to <TEX>$8{\mu}m$</TEX>. The typical clamp connections were observed in the hyphae of the fungus. On the basis of mycological characteristics and pathogenicity to P. hybrida, this fungus was identified as Sclerotium rolfsii Saccardo. This is the first report on the stem rot of P. hybrida caused by S. rolfsii in Korea.

Sclerotium rolfsii에 의한 꽃향유 흰비단병 발생

2006과 2007년 2년간 경상남도농업기술원 약초 전시포장에 재배중인 꽃향유에서 S. rolfsii에 의한 흰비단병이 발생되었다. 병징은 줄기와 지제부위가 수침상으로 물러지고 부패하면서 암갈색으로 시들어 말라 죽는다. 병반부와 지제부위의 토양 표면에 흰색의 곰팡이가 솜털처럼 생기고 감자한천 배지에서 갈색의 둥근 균핵을 많이 형성하였으며 크기는 <TEX>$1{\sim}3mm$</TEX>였다. 균사의 폭은 <TEX>$4{\sim}9{\mu}$</TEX>이며 균사생육 적온은 <TEX>$30^{\circ}C$</TEX>였으며 균사특유의 clamp connection이 관찰되었다. 꽃향유에서 발생한 병징과 균학적 특징 및 병원성을 검정한 결과, 이 병을 Sclerotium rolfsii Saccardo에 의한 꽃향유 흰비단병으로 명명하고자 한다. From 2006 to 2007, the stem rot of Elsholtzia splendens Nakai caused by Sclerotium rolfsii occurred sporadically in an herbs exhibition at Gyeongsangnam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Korea. The typical symptom is water-soaking, dark brown on the stem and rotting, wilting and blighting. The infected plants were mostly died. White mycelial mats were spread over lesions, and then sclerotia were formed on stems and near soil line. The sclerotia were globoid in shape, <TEX>$1{\sim}3$</TEX> mm in size and white to brown in color. The optimum temperature and sclerotia on PDA was <TEX>$30^{\circ}C$</TEX> and the hyphal width was <TEX>$4{\sim}9{\mu}$</TEX>. The typical clamp connections were observed in the hyphae of the fungus grown on PDA. On the basis of mycological characteristics and pathogenicity to host plants, this fungus was identified as Sclerotium rolfsii Saccardo. This is the first report on the stem rot of E. splendens caused by S. rolfsii in Korea.

Chrysomyxa rhododendri에 의한 산철쭉(Rododendron yedoense) 녹병

2006년 전라북도 전주에서 산철쭉(Rhododendron yedoense)에 녹병이 심하게 발생하였다. 처음에는 잎 표면에 황색의 작은 반점을 다수 형성하고, 표피가 갈라지면서 약간 부풀어 오르며, 병이 진전됨에 따라 병반에 황색 또는 갈색의 포자퇴가 두드러지게 나타났다. 여름포자퇴는 잎의 앞쪽에 생기고, 잎 표면에 흩어져 있거나 무리를 지어 형성하였으며, 전체적인 모양이 원형 또는 난형이었다. 황색 또는 황갈색을 나타내고, 크기는 <TEX>$0.27{\sim}0.46{\times}0.31{\sim}0.6$</TEX> mm 이었다. 여름포자는 원형 또는 난형이며, 황색으로 크기는 <TEX>$17.1{\sim}29.2{\times}12.8{\sim}18.2{\mu}m$</TEX>이었다. 녹포자 표면의 돌기 높이는 <TEX>$0.87{\sim}1.72{\mu}m$</TEX>이며, 돌기의 구조는 Type SA, <TEX>$2{\sim}3$</TEX>개의 환상고리(annotation)가 있으며, 돌기의 정단부분은 편평하였다. 병징과 병원균의 균학적 특징을 검정한 결과, 이 병을 Chrysomyxa rhododendri에 의한 산철쭉 녹병으로 명명하고자 제안한다. Rust disease on Korean Azalea (Rododendron yedoense) was occurred in Jeonju, Jeonbuk province of Korea. The typical symtoms of the disease appeared first as small yellowish spots on leaves. Uredinia were observed at hypophyllous of the leaves, yellow or dark yellow in color and globoid in shape with the size of <TEX>$0.27{\sim}0.46{\times}0.31{\sim}0.61$</TEX> mm. Urediniospores were also observed in the leaves, yellow in color with globoid or ovoid in shape with the size of <TEX>$17.1{\sim}29.2{\times}12.8{\sim}18.2{\mu}m$</TEX>. Surface characterization of the spores revealed that these spores have papilla-like projections, which were made of <TEX>$2{\sim}3$</TEX> annulation (SA; small annulate). Based on these morphological characterizations the causative fungus was identified as Chrysomyxa rhododendri.

Occurrence of Stem Rot of Disporum smilacinum Caused by Sclerotium rolfsii in Korea

In 2005 and 2007, a basal stem rot of Disporum smilacinum caused by Sclerotium rolfsii occurred sporadically in a herb farm at Hamyang, Korea. The symptom initiated with water-soaking lesion and progressed into stem rot and wilt of a whole plant. Severely infected plants were blighted and died eventually. White mycelial mats appeared on the lesion at early stage and a number of sclerotia were formed on the stem near the soil line. The sclerotia were globoid in shape, 1-3 mm in size and white to brown in color. The optimum temperature for the growth and sclerotia formation was 30 on PDA and the hyphal width was measured . The typical clamp connections were observed in the hyphae of the fungus grown on PDA. On the basis of symptom, mycological characteristics and pathogenicity to the host plant, this fungus was identified as Sclerotium rolfsii Saccardo. This is the first report on the stem rot of D. smilacinum caused by S. rolfsii in Korea.

Sclerotium rolfsii에 의한 호박 흰비단병 발생

2004년과 2005년 2년간 경남농업기술원 시험포장내 울타리 부근에 재배중인 호박 과실에서 S. rolfsii에 의한 호박 흰비단병이 발생되었다. 병징은 과실이 수침상으로 물러지고 부패하면서 병반부위에 흰색의 곰팡이가 솜털처럼 생기고 갈색의 둥근 균핵을 많이 형성하였으며 크기는 1<TEX>$\sim$</TEX>3 mm였다. 이병과실이 지표면과 닿은 부위에도 흰색 균사와 갈색 균핵을 형성하였다 균사의 폭은 <TEX>$7{\sim}8{\mu}m$</TEX>이며, 균사생육적온과 균핵 형성은 30<TEX>$^{\circ}C$</TEX>에서 가장 좋았으며, 균사특유의 clamp connection이 관찰되었다. 호박 과실에서 발생한 병징과 균학적 특징 및 병원성을 검정한 결과, 이 병을 Sclerotium rolfsii Saccardo에 의한 호박 흰비단병으로 명명하고자 한다. The fruit rot of pumpkin caused by Sclerotium rolfsii occurred sporadically at Gyeongsangnam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Korea in 2004 and 2005. The typical symptom of the disease included water-soaking, fruit rotting and wilting. White mycelial mats were spread over infected fruits and then sclerotia were formed on the lesions and near soil surface. The sclerotia were globoid in shape, 1<TEX>$\sim$</TEX>3 mm in size and white to brown in color. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth and sclerotia formation was at <TEX>$30^{\circ}C$</TEX> on PDA and the hyphal width ranged from 4 to 8 <TEX>${\mu}m$</TEX>. The typical clamp connections were observed in the hyphae of the fungus grown on PDA. On the basis of mycological characteristics and pathogenicity to host plants, this fungus was identified as Sclerotium rolfsii Saccardo. This is the first report on the fruit rot of Cucurbita spp. caused by S. rolfsii in Korea.

Sclerotium rolfsii에 의한 윤판나물 흰비단병

2004과 2005년 2년간 경남농업기술원 함양 약초 전시포장에 재배중인 윤판나물에서 S. rolfsii에 의한 흰비단병이 발생되었다. 병징은 줄기와 지제부위가 수침상으로 물러지고 부패하면서 암갈색으로 되고 시들어 말라 죽는다. 병반부와 지제부위의 토양 표면에 흰색의 곰팡이가 솜털처럼 생기고 감자한천 배지에서 갈색의 둥근 균핵을 많이 형성하였으며 크기는 1<TEX>$\sim$</TEX>3mm였다. 균사의 폭은 <TEX>$3{\sim}10{\mu}m$</TEX>이며 균사생육 적온은 30<TEX>$^{\circ}C$</TEX>였으며 균사특유의 clamp connection이 관찰되었다. 윤판나물에서 발생한 병징과 균학적 특징 및 병원성을 검정한 결과, 이 병을 Sclerotium rolfsii Saccardo에 의한 윤판나물 흰비단병으로 명명하고자 한다. From 2004 to 2005, the stem rot of Disporum sessile D. <TEX>$D_{ON}$</TEX> caused by Sclerotium rolfsii occurred spoyadieally in an herbs exhibition farm of Hamyang, Gyeongsangnam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Korea. The typical symptom is water-soaking, dark brown on the stem and rotting, wilting. The infected plants were mostly died. White mycelial mats were spread over lesions, and then sclerotia were formed on stems and near soil line. The sclerotia were globoid in shape, 1<TEX>$\sim$</TEX>3 mm in size and white to brown in color, The optimum temperature and sclerotia on PDA was 30<TEX>$^{\circ}C$</TEX> and the hyphal width was <TEX>$3{\sim}10{\mu]m$</TEX>. The typical clamp connections were observed in the hyphae of the fungus grown on PDA. Pathogenicity of the causal organism was proved on D. sessile according to Koch's postulate. On the basis of mycological characteristics and pathogenicity to host plants, this fungus was identified as Sclerotium rolfsii Saccardo. This is the first report on the stem rot of D. sessile caused by S. rolfsii in Korea.

Sclerotium rolfsii에 의한 비비추 흰비단병

2004과 2005년 7월 경상남도 진주시 칠암동 남강변에 재배중인 비비추에서 S. rolfsii에 의한 흰비단병이 발생되었다. 병징은 잎자루, 줄기, 지제부위가 수침상으로 물러지고 부패하면서 암갈색으로 되고 시들어 말라 죽는다. 병반부와 지제부위의 토양 표면에 흰색의 곰팡이가 솜털처럼 생기고 갈색의 둥근 균핵을 많이 형성되었다. 감자한천 배지에서 갈색의 둥근 균핵을 많이 형성하였으며 크기는 <TEX>$1\~3$</TEX>mm였다. 균사의 폭은 <TEX>$4\~8{\mu}m$</TEX>이며, 균사생육 적온은 <TEX>$30^{\circ}C$</TEX>였다. 균사특유의 clamp connection이 관찰되었다. 비비추에서 발생한 병징과 균학적 특징 및 병원성을 검정한 결과, 이 병을 Sclerotium rolfsii Saccardo에 의한 비비추 흰비단병으로 명명하고자 한다. The stem rot disease was found on Hosta longipes that planted in the flower beds along the Namgang riverside in Jinju city, Korea. The disease occurred first time in July, 2004 and sporadically occurred in 2005. The typical symptom of the disease is water-soaking, dark brown spot on the stem, and getting wilt. The infected plants were mostly died. White mycelial mats were spread over lesions and sclerotia were formed on stems and near soil line. The sclerotia were globoid in shape, <TEX>$1\~3$</TEX> mm in diameter and white to brown in color, The optimum temperature for mycelial growth of the fungus on PDA was <TEX>$30^{\circ}C$</TEX> and the hyphal width was <TEX>$4\~8{\mu}m$</TEX>. Clamp connections were observed in the hyphae of the fungus grown on PDA. Pathogenicity of the causal organism was proved on Hosta longipes according to Koch,s postulate. On the basis of mycological characteristics and pathogenicity to host plants, the fungus was identified as Sclerotium rolfsii Saccardo. This is the first report on the stem rot of H. longipes caused by S. rolfsii in Korea.