European Globalization Research Articles

Losers of globalization, losers in representation? The impact of education on unequal policy representation in Europe

The article focuses on the impact of education on policy representation. It examines degrees of congruence between political elites and citizens on policy preferences across different policy issues, trying to discern whether there is a representation gap between the so-called “winners” and “losers” of globalization in Europe as captured via the proxy measure of educational attainment. Additionally, we examine whether this representation gap, as well as overall levels of congruence, are affected by contextual factors related to the economy and the ideological orientation of governments. Using data from the 2014 European Election Studies and the 2014 Chapel Hill Expert Survey, our findings largely confirm the existence of a representation gap along educational lines. Contextual factors related to the economy present weak or no direct and moderating effects whereas ideologically left-leaning governments accentuate, for the most part, the representation gap between individuals of low and high educational attainment.

Loving globalization: High-growth enterprises and public opinion on globalization in Europe

Building upon the “new” new trade theory, this article proposes that the regional business demography plays a prominent role in shaping Europeans’ preferences on globalization. Specifically, I argue, regional populations of high-growth enterprises that take advantage of internationalization and export opportunities drive positive attitudes on globalization, especially among the “losers” of import competition. Regression models on cross-sectional survey data from Eurobarometer surveys covering ten waves between 2015 and 2019 supplemented by a series of macro-level covariates establish that residents in regions with higher shares of high-growth enterprises are more likely to view globalization as an opportunity. More importantly, the positive association between regional high-growth enterprise shares and support for globalization is particularly pronounced among lower-educated and lower-skilled individuals.

The Globalization Backlash: Exploring New Perspectives

Rising popular discontent with globalization in Europe and the United States has occurred alongside increasing support for extreme right-wing parties, protectionism, and anti-immigrant views. This globalization backlash seems to be contributing to economic globalization’s abatement, especially with respect to trade but increasingly foreign investment, immigration, and participation in international institutions as well. What are the key forces driving these recent events and what are their broader political and institutional consequences? This special issue aims to provide an understanding of some central features of the anti-globalization furor. The studies in this special issue provide fresh insights into the economic factors contributing to the backlash while also addressing how they might interact with cultural forces. It concludes with a discussion of why the globalization backlash has not diffused widely to the developing world.

Iberian World Empires and the Globalization of Europe, 1415–1668, by Bartolomé Yun-Casalilla

Iberian World Empires and the Globalization of Europe, 1415–1668, by Bartolomé Yun-Casalilla

The neo‐nationalist ascendency: further thoughts on class, value and the return of the repressed

The neo‐nationalist ascendency: further thoughts on class, value and the return of the repressed

The Impact of Globalization on European Airline Market

Airline industry is very important for modern society as the biggest player in the globalization process by connecting regions, promoting global trade and tourism, facilitating economic and social development. However, here is a lack of research on relationship between globalization and airline industry in Europe. It remains unclear how to measure the impact of globalization on performance of airline companies and industry. The article aims at investigation of the impact of globalization on operational and financial performance of European airlines before pandemics.The authors applied a nonexperimental quantitative research design to analyze the relationship between independent globalization variables (level of globalization in Europe, globalization opportunity, globalization threat) and dependent airlines’ operational and financial performance indicators. Research is done using secondary data from annual reports of 19 European airlines members of European Common Aviation Area (ECAA). The panel data analysis was applied for 2007–2017 with multiple regression analysis using STATA. The results show that globalization exerts a significant positive effect on operational performance. On financial performance only revenue per passenger kilometers is positively influenced by globalization. Globalization affects low-cost airlines and full-service airlines performance differently.

Iberian World Empires and the Globalization of Europe 1415–1668

Iberian World Empires and the Globalization of Europe 1415–1668

A European political-economic space that embraced Japan: the international context of the conventional-tariff network, ca.1892–1914

This article sheds new light on the economic globalization in Europe and Asia from the late nineteenth to the early twentieth centuries, with a special focus on the role of bilateral commercial treaties and import tariffs. Countries concluded a number of treaties in those days, and they came to form an extensive ‘conventional-tariff network’. This mechanism contributed to the stabilization of international economic-political space by facilitating reciprocal tariff concessions. The extent of this conventional-tariff network was both temporally and geographically larger than has been assumed. First, as the recent scholarship has shown, the network, which emerged in the 1860s, survived the political turbulence of the 1890s and spanned Central European countries such as Germany and Italy by the early 1910s. Second, the network spread outside Europe and reached East Asia by the 1910s, when Japan renegotiated its commercial treaties and became a new member of the network. The network embodied so strong a mechanism of self-maintenance based on the coordination of economic interests that it was resilient to a major political shock such as the First World War. While the tariff systems in Europe and in East Asia around 1900 have been separately discussed in the literature, this paper focuses on the treaty partnership between these two areas to show how the mechanism of the conventional-tariff network enabled the countries to cooperate for mutual concessions on international trade.

Reframing Global Engagement

Globalization has strongly influenced higher education during the last decades. As in many other sectors, this has generated contradictory outcomes. Higher education has opened up to the world and become more engaged at the global level. But how will this process continue with the current backlash against globalization in Europe and the United States, and what will be the impact of other major geopolitical trends such as the rise of China?

Reframing Global Engagement

Globalization has strongly influenced higher education during the last decades. As in many other sectors, this has generated contradictory outcomes. Higher education has opened up to the world and become more engaged at the global level. But how will this process continue with the current backlash against globalization in Europe and the United States, and what will be the impact of other major geopolitical trends such as the rise of China?

Early Globalization and the Law of One Price: Evidence from Sweden, 1732-1914

We review research using departures from the law of one price to measure the advent of globalization in Europe and Asia. In an application, we then study the role of distance and time in statistically explaining price dispersion across 32 Swedish towns for 19 commodities from 1732 to 1914. The resulting large number of relative prices (502,689) allows precise estimation of distance and time effects, and their interaction. We find an effect of distance that declines significantly over time, beginning in the 18th century, well before the arrival of canals, the telegraph, or the railway.

Early Globalization and the Law of One Price: Evidence from Sweden, 1732-1914

We review research using departures from the law of one price to measure the advent of globalization in Europe and Asia. In an application, we then study the role of distance and time in statistically explaining price dispersion across 32 Swedish towns for 19 commodities from 1732 to 1914. The resulting large number of relative prices (502,689) allows precise estimation of distance and time effects, and their interaction. We find an effect of distance that declines significantly over time, beginning in the 18th century, well before the arrival of canals, the telegraph, or the railway.

Winners and losers of globalization in Europe: attitudes and ideologies

Globalization pressures result in a new ideological conflict among Europeans. We use detailed items from the Eurobarometer survey on issues of immigration and European integration that measure the ideological perspective underpinning positions toward the EU. This provides a fine-grained analysis of the ideologies underlying the poles of the new globalization-centered conflict line, which we define as cosmopolitan and communitarian. Our results show that, next to socio-demographic characteristics, subjective measurements have a considerable additional power in explaining the divide among Europeans along the communitarian–cosmopolitan dimension. Subjective deprivation, evaluation of globalization as a threat, and (sub)national and supranational identities play an important role in dividing Europeans into groups of winners and losers of globalization in both Western and Central and Eastern European countries. At the country level, the national degree of globalization is associated positively with the communitarian pole and negatively with the cosmopolitan pole in all EU countries.

Uniwersytecka dydaktyka przekładu w Polsce i za granicą

Translation classes are getting more and more popular with university students. In the past, scholars did not consider pragmatic issues worthy of theoretical research. This situation has changed, however, mainly due to the process of globalisation in Europe. Prior to becoming engaged in translation teaching, the educational goal should be determined. Depending on the goal, an appropriate method of teaching translation should be applied to bring expected results, i.e. to produce a competent and proficient translator. The author is convinced that the selection of such method should be accompanied by the reflection on the type and kind of translation. Translators nowadays face numerous challenges, and in order to be able to solve these problems and difficulties successfully, it is necessary to cover them in the training process. The training process, therefore, should be diversified and multi-level.The results of translation research which constitute a significant part of linguistic research, may influence the way the nature of translation and instruction in this respect are perceived. The author stresses the fact that qualifications required of a professional translator should be well grounded theoretically. As an example of such a solution the author refers to the Interpreting Institute (Dolmetscherinstitut) in Saarbrucken and the Institutes in Germersheim and Heidelberg (Institut fur Ubersetzen und Dolmetschen der Ruprecht-Karls-Universitat). As a way of comparison, the author presents the model programme of studies worked out in the Heidelberg Institute and based on the types of training suggested by Kalusche. The author discusses as well a few selected translation training programmes implemented at several universities in Poland.

Inequality and globalization in Europe

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of globalization on the income inequality in Europe. The panel estimation results covering 14 European countries over the period 1951–1992, show that foreign direct investment has raised income inequality and that the Kuznets hypothesis is valid. It offers a broad picture of growth, equity, and globalization in Europe.

Current Operational Practices of U.S. Small and Medium‐Sized Enterprises in Europe

This article presents the results of a survey of all U.S.‐owned small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) with physical facilities in Europe. It is a snapshot of the role of key strategic, tactical, and operational elements of U.S. SME globalization in Europe. It presents descriptive results regarding drivers of expansion, barriers to entry, entry strategies and current operating strategies, growth strategies, operational barriers, and the use of strategic alliances by SMEs in Europe. The findings are also compared with the literature on large firms. This allows the reader to see the distinct differences between small and large U.S. firms operating in Europe.

THE QUEST FOR SPACE IN THE GLOBAL SPIRITUAL MARKETPLACE

AFRICAN RELIGIONS IN EUROPE The globalization concept Globalization is a concept that is gaining increasing prominence in academic discourses such as communication, economics, sociology, political science, cultural studies, advertising, environmental studies, religion etc. Hitherto, a legion of world system theorists have been primarily concerned with politico-economic phenomena, without an adequate approach to so-called issues of culture in such a framework, nor even a unified approach in which cultural specificity is an aspect of other social phenomena. Robertson and Hannerz, for instance, have complained of the lack of culture in the analyses of world system researchers. [1] A marked trend towards the globalization of all sorts of relations has been observed over several decades and has, directly and indirectly, led to a system of extensive international economic and political cooperation. The place of Africa at the periphery and semi-periphery of the global economy and polity is apparent, and was so especially in the 1990s. This somewhat disadvantaged status is probably untrue. Africa has conspicuously demonstrated vigour and vitality, and been pivotal for the dramatization of religion. This paper will show that Africans are involved in the globalization process; they have moved from a local phenomenon to a global context. They are not only searching for more space in the global religious marketplace, but their presence has in fact become conspicuous on the religious terrain. African new religious movements and globalization in Europe There are three basic categories of African Christian religious groups in Europe. In the first and most popular of these are religious groups that exist as branches or parishes of mother churches with headquarters in Africa. Examples are the Celestial Church of Christ Worldwide, the Church of the Lord -- Aladura, the Redeemed Christian Church of God, the Church of Pentecost International, and the Kimbanguist Church. The second category refers to those groups that began and have their headquarters in Europe, but also had the intention to establish or open branches in Africa and elsewhere. Examples are the True Teachings of Christ's Temple (Holland), the Christian Outreach Mission Church (Hamburg), the Aladura International Church (London), Victory Ministries e. V. (Oberhausen), and the Born-Again Christ Healing Church (London). The third category of African Christian religious groups is made up of inter-denominational groups or para-church organizations, which exist as somewhat loose groups (prayer/fellowship) without proper or formalized administrative structures. There are also quite a number of Christians without any church or religious affiliation. They either choose to attend services with a denomination of their choice or any church within their locality or within easy reach of their homes. However, a large number of African Christians simply do not attend any church services or programmes due to the nature of their jobs, or because of social, cultural and other reasons. Tendencies towards globalization The characteristics of African initiated churches include their vitality, dynamism and great capacity for incorporating change, such as that witnessed in the contemporary era due to shifts in global migration patterns. One remarkable fall-out of the globalization process is the increasing dispersal of Africans beyond their continental context, thus moving them from a local to a global presence. Consequently, the bridging of the gap brought about several strategies through which religious interchanges were exerted on the worldwide religious landscape. Ter Haar notes that: Their spread overseas has involved these churches in international networks of relations to which they did not have access until the late twentieth century. There is now a two-way channel of communication between churches inside and outside Africa, whether they belong to the first or the second generation of African-initiated churches. …

Level of Development, Rate of Economic Growth, and Income Inequality

Previous articleNext article No AccessLevel of Development, Rate of Economic Growth, and Income InequalityJih Y. Chang and Rati RamJih Y. ChangIllinois State University Search for more articles by this author and Rati RamIllinois State University Search for more articles by this author Illinois State UniversityPDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Economic Development and Cultural Change Volume 48, Number 4July 2000 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/452477 Views: 103Total views on this site Citations: 21Citations are reported from Crossref © 2000 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Arief Anshory Yusuf, Reza Anglingkusumo, Andy Sumner A direct test of Kuznets in a developing economy: a cross-district analysis of structural transformation and inequality in Indonesia, Regional Studies, Regional Science 8, no.11 (Jun 2021): 184–206.https://doi.org/10.1080/21681376.2021.1924850Iacopo Odoardi, Dario D’Ingiullo, Donatella Furia Human capital and the reduction of inequalities: an intra-national analysis in Italy, Applied Economics 52, no.5757 (Jul 2020): 6215–6228.https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2020.1788708Mukunda Mishra, Soumendu Chatterjee Mapping Economic Inequality, (May 2020): 121–194.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4083-7_5Fadi Fawaz, Masha Rahnama-Moghadamm Spatial dependence of global income inequality: The role of economic complexity, The International Trade Journal 33, no.66 (Oct 2018): 542–554.https://doi.org/10.1080/08853908.2018.1535336Yasi Tian, Lei Wang Mutualism of intra- and inter-prefecture level cities and its effects on regional socio-economic development: A case study of Hubei Province, Central China, Sustainable Cities and Society 44 (Jan 2019): 16–26.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2018.09.033Fadi Fawaz, Eric Frey The impact of abundancy of resources and regime type on income inequality: The case of less-developed countries, Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences (Jun 2018).https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kjss.2018.05.015Seung Jin Baek , ( 2018): 85.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91394-0_4Laura Stanley, Patrick A. McLaughlin Regulation and Income Inequality: The Regressive Effects of Entry Regulations, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2018).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3191390Sambuddha Ghatak, Aaron Gold Development, discrimination, and domestic terrorism: Looking beyond a linear relationship, Conflict Management and Peace Science 34, no.66 (Oct 2015): 618–639.https://doi.org/10.1177/0738894215608511Mukunda Mishra, Soumendu Chatterjee An effort of mapping the income inequality in the district of Purulia, West Bengal, India, Journal of Social and Economic Development 19, no.11 (Feb 2017): 111–142.https://doi.org/10.1007/s40847-017-0035-1Yiwen Yang, Theresa M. Greaney Economic growth and income inequality in the Asia-Pacific region: A comparative study of China, Japan, South Korea, and the United States, Journal of Asian Economics 48 (Feb 2017): 6–22.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asieco.2016.10.008Patrick A. McLaughlin, Laura Stanley Regulation and Income Inequality: The Regressive Effects of Entry Regulations, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2016).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2869155ZAINAB IFTIKHAR, AMANAT ALI IMPACT OF INCOME INEQUALITY AND DEFENCE BURDEN ON ECONOMIC GROWTH, The Singapore Economic Review 57, no.0303 (Sep 2012): 1250014.https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217590812500142ANPING CHEN, NICOLAAS GROENEWOLD Regional Equality and National Development in China: Is There a Trade-Off?, Growth and Change 42, no.44 (Nov 2011): 628–669.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.2011.00570.xJong-eun Lee Inequality in the globalizing Asia, Applied Economics 42, no.2323 (Sep 2010): 2975–2984.https://doi.org/10.1080/00036840801964781Jong-Eun Lee Does globalization matter to income distribution in Asia?, Applied Economics Letters 13, no.1313 (Feb 2007): 851–855.https://doi.org/10.1080/13504850500425352Jong-Eun Lee Inequality and globalization in Europe, Journal of Policy Modeling 28, no.77 (Oct 2006): 791–796.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2006.04.013Anneli Kaasa Factors of Income Inequality and Their Influence Mechanisms: A Theoretical Overview, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2005).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.868491Dell P. Champlin, Janet T. Knoedler Embedded Economies, Democracy, and the Public Interest, Journal of Economic Issues 38, no.44 (Jan 2016): 893–907.https://doi.org/10.1080/00213624.2004.11506748Michael Bleaney, Akira Nishiyama Income inequality and growth—does the relationship vary with the income level?, Economics Letters 84, no.33 (Sep 2004): 349–355.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2004.03.004Rodolfo Hoffmann Distribuição de renda e crescimento econômico, Estudos Avançados 15, no.4141 (Apr 2001): 67–76.https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-40142001000100007

Education and globalization in Europe and East Asia: convergent and divergent trends

Education researchers have only recently begun to assess the implications of globalization theory for their work. This article examines the claims that globalization will lead to increasing convergence in education and training systems through an analysis of key areas of reform in a range of European and Asian states. The analysis highlights the common contextual factors that are shaping policy-making and suggests that whilst there is considerable convergence at the level of policy rhetoric and general policy objectives, there is less evidence of any systematic convergence at the level of structures and processes in different countries. National education systems, though more international, are far from disappearing.

Education and Globalization in Europe: Current Trends and Future Developments

This article provides an overview of, and suggests the reasons behind, the developments in internationalisation of higher education in Europe. In the conclusions, some comparative observations on developments in Europe and the United States will be presented.