Global Tourism Industry Research Articles

Research on Social Media Tourism Marketing in the Post-epidemic Period

Since 2020, the outbreak of covid-19 has changed the operation mode of many industries, and also has a great impact on the global tourism industry. At the same time, it also promotes the transformation of the tourism industry, which is more dependent on the real economy, to the Internet economy. The use of social media for tourism marketing is a hot spot in recent years, and the outbreak of the epidemic has intensified the development of this model. This paper analyzes the characteristics of social media to explain why it is more suitable for tourism marketing than traditional media, and summarizes the tourism marketing strategies and means of social media. Social media has rich forms of expression, such as text, pictures, audio, video, live broadcast, etc., which can be selected according to the nature of tourism destination. Through the use of precision marketing, word-of-mouth marketing, celebrity effect and other marketing strategies, it can also improve the audience's willingness to travel during the post epidemic period, and promote the recovery and development of tourism.

Legal regulation of the tourism industry in the context of development of the economy of Industry 4.0

Problem setting. One of the current trends in the development of the global tourism industry is the development of Internet technologies, in other words, the modern development of tourism takes place in a digital economy. Tourism is an integral part of Ukraine’s economic development. It is significant that the current Law of Ukraine "On Tourism" [7], adopted in 1995. does not correspond to modern realities and requires comprehensive changes that would meet the interests and modern needs of society, take into account international experience, global trends in tourism and meet the demands of tourism entities. Analysis of recent research. Issues related to the legal regulation of tourism have been the subject of scientific research by such specialists as: N. Bagaeva, A. Gradinarova, T. Orlova, M. Semenova ect. At the same time, despite the interest of scientists in studying this issue, the legal aspects of the development of the tourism industry in the economic development of Industry 4.0 currently require detailed study. Given this, the aim of the article is to analyze the legal regulation of the tourism industry in the digital economy. Article’s main body. The article focuses on the consideration of the legal regulation of the tourism industry in the context of the development of the economy of industry 4.0. Analyzed the draft Law of Ukraine "On Amendments to the Law of Ukraine" On Tourism "and some other legislative acts on the basic principles of tourism development". Based on his analysis, it was proposed to create a Tourism Industry Development Fund as part of a special fund for local budgets. It was noted that in the context of digitalization, the creation of the Unified Tourism Register, as well as the portal of the Unified Tourism Register, is a positive step, however, the issue of data protection mechanisms that are provided by the subjects of tourism activities to the authorized government bodies and are entered into such a register while it needs improvement. Conclusions. Based on the above, we believe that the draft Law of Ukraine "On Amendments to the Law of Ukraine" On Tourism "and some other legislation on the basic principles of tourism development" needs to refine and revise its individual provisions in order to further comprehensive regulation of the tourism industry in the development of the digital economy.

AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE ATTITUDES OF KEY TOURISM PROVIDERS REGARDING ‘CARBON NEUTRAL’ TOURISM IN COUNTY CLARE, IRELAND

The global tourism industry is inextricably linked with climate change, and, faced with a ‘climate emergency’, there is an increasing emphasis on finding environmentally sustainable tourism models. One such model is ‘carbon-neutral tourism (CNT)’. This paper investigates attitudes towards CNT in County Clare (Ireland), focusing on tourism providers. By reviewing and evaluating key relevant academic sources, clarification is given about climate change and the tourism industry’s relationship with it. The concept of sustainable tourism is explored, leading to an understanding of the meaning of CNT, and the various steps taken to create it. Following this, semi-structured interviews are conducted with selected tourism providers in County Clare. Using purposive sampling, a selection of tourism providers, covering key elements of the tourism product, are interviewed. These interviews are of a semi-structured format, allowing for some generic investigation, but also permitting an exploration of each provider’s contribution to the tourism product. The analysis concludes that tourism providers in Clare hold generally positive attitudes towards CNT. All respondents currently carry out at least some elements of CNT and all respondents express an enthusiasm to be more involved. However, certain barriers to fuller participation are identified.

Challenges for Cruise Sustainable Development and Its Legal Response: The Case of China

The cruise industry has become one of the fastest-growing segments of global tourism industry in recent years. Its growth has led to some concerns about its impact on the marine environment, as cruise ships cause no less pollution than regular ships. China’s cruise industry began late but has achieved fast development. However, there are still many challenges related to China’s environmental legislation, and there is no clear-cut legal framework for the environmental protection of cruise ships in the various regulations in China. The legal literature on this issue is insufficient, and this paper attempts to fill the gap. First, it provides an overview of the global cruise industry, including the basic situation of cruise pollution. Second, it briefly introduces the relevant international conventions, and Chinese laws and regulations. Third, it analyzes the recent environmental challenges that cruise ships have faced. The goal of this paper is to give a legal direction for how the cruise industry can grow in ways that are both sustainable and responsible.

SCIENTIFIC-APPLIED ASPECT OF MANAGEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN MODERN CONDITIONS

The article considers the main problems affecting the development of international tourism and predicts the further development of the situation. The growing tourist flow has contributed to the intensification of entrepreneurship in all sectors of the economy, capitalization of assets, job creation, economic and social growth. In 2019, the global tourism industry provided about 330 million jobs, equivalent to 10.3% of total employment. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused an unprecedented crisis in the tourism industry. The flow of tourists in the world has decreased by about 65%. In January-September 2020 alone, the number of international revenues decreased by 70%.This has resulted in the loss of $ 730 billion and more than 120 million jobs. It is noted that in modern conditions there are possible directions of development of inbound and domestic tourism, which are an important factor influencing the economy, but the weakening of external restrictions and lack of competitive service in the Ukrainian tourism industry will contribute to further development of international tourism. Those countries in which tourism occupies a significant share in GDP, are interested in attracting tourists as soon as possible and are ready to promptly implement all necessary anti-epidemic measures in the tourist infrastructure. For the Ukrainian government today, such a strategy is not a priority. Based on this, it is proved that the essence of the scientific and applied aspect of managing the development of international tourism is based on the theory of large business cycles and the theory of prediction. It was emphasized that the world crises ended sooner or later and a new round of development began. The task of mastering the forces of socio-economic life and subordinating them to the conscious, planned leadership of the state, as well as constructive and continuous social dialogue between the government and social partners, is the next practical transformation of today. The program of conscious organizational and regulatory steps should be knowledge, anticipation and action plan. When developing an anti-crisis plan to overcome the impact of COVID-19 on the tourism sector in Ukraine, it is necessary to take into account the recommendations of the Global Crisis Committee on Tourism, namely: crisis management and job preservation; support for self-employed workers; providing incentives and implementing appropriate state policy in the field of international tourism. In predicting the future development of the situation, more attention should be paid to the role of the tourism sector in the country's economy and the achievement of sustainable development goals; develop plans for preparedness for the challenges of the future and use this opportunity to move to sustainable development of tourism facilities.

Sustainable tourism consumer: socio-demographic, psychographic and behavioral characteristics

El consumidor de turismo sostenible: Características sociodemográficas, psicográficas, y de comportamientoPropósitoEste estudio busca revelar las características sociodemográficas, psicográficas, y de comportamiento de los consumidores responsables para promover la demanda de prácticas de sostenibilidad en la industria del turismo y la hospitalidad. Se evaluaron variables sociodemográficas y psicográficas para determinar su influencia sobre la autoevaluación de un individuo como consumidor responsable, que después se evaluó para determinar su influencia en resultados conductuales, específicamente preocupaciones de sostenibilidad medioambiental y social, objectos de preocupaciones de sostenibilidad, sujetos considerados responsables de la sostenibilidad, y la elección de turismo de masas versus turismo alternativo.Diseño/metodología/métodoDebido a la falta de teoría robusta y bien establecida sobre las características de los consumidores responsables, un análisis de contenidos de la literatura y un análisis cuantitativo de datos obtenidos a través de una encuesta se utilizaron para identificar las características sociodemográficas, psicográficas, y de comportamiento de los consumidores. Las variables plausibles identificadas en la literatura fueron filtradas a través de un análisis de componentes principales (ACP) y un análisis de regresión por mínimos cuadrados ordinarios (MCO) para afinar a priori las variables para el desarrollo de un modelo adecuado, el cual fue evaluado utilizando un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales por el método de mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLS-SEM por sus siglas en inglés) que permitió seguir afinando las variables a posteriori por medio de la evaluación de su confiabilidad y validez.ResultadosEntender quiénes son los consumidores responsables y qué son propensos a creer y hacer es imperativo para aumentar las prácticas sostenibles en la industria. El estudio demuestra que las personas que se consideran consumidores responsables son más propensas a tener niveles más altos de opiniones éticas, a tener personalidades más femeninas y liberales, a demostrar preocupación por los problemas de sostenibilidad medioambiental y social, a considerar a todas las partes pertinentes como responsables de la sostenibilidad, y a escoger formas alternativas de turismo en vez de turismo de masas. El estudio sugiere que los consumidores americanos en general tienen el potencial de apoyar prácticas sostenibles.Originalidad/valorA pesar de los intentos esporádicos de otros investigadores para describir las diferentes características del consumidor responsable y de los consumidores de turismo sostenible, las investigaciones anteriores no han generado una descripción completa de quién es un consumidor responsable en términos de sus características sociodemográficas, psicográficas, y de comportamiento. La literatura sobre las características del consumidor responsable es escasa y sin bases teóricas; por lo tanto, este estudio sienta las bases para el desarrollo de esta área de investigación en todos los sectores de la industria global del turismo y la hospitalidad. Los resultados de la evaluación del modelo proporcionan un perfil claro de los consumidores de turismo sostenible en los ámbitos sociodemográficos, psicográficos, y de comportamiento para que la industria responda.

Consumer attributes associated with using a domestic travel subsidy programme during the COVID-19 pandemic: the case of Japan

The Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic resulted in losses to the global tourism industry. Japan’s tourism industry began suffering losses in January 2020. The Japanese government launched a subsidy pr...

Corona's Spillover Effects on the Tourism Industry: Scale Development and Validation

The current article takes a tourism-focused perspective to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on the attitude of the tourist to travel. For this, the present article conceptualizes, develops, and validates the multidimensional scale on preventive measures of COVID-19. Further, we have developed a new model named Financial Crisis from Contagious Disease (FCCD) stimulator to assess the impact of the virus on the short-term performance of the global tourism industry. The study was exploratory, where initial items were generated through the qualitative method. The purification of the scale items and extraction of the distinct factors were performed through a quantitative approach (exploratory factor analysis). Further, confirmatory factor analysis was used to validate the scale. The findings of the study manifested a multidimensional scale measuring the preventive measures of COVID-19 in the tourism context. The research renders a 25-item scale with four distinct factors named Isolation (7 items), Quarantine (7 items), Social Distancing (6 items), and Community Containment (5 items). The present scale will add to the literature of COVID-19 in the context of the tourism industry. The authors assume that this will be the first comprehensive scale, prepared on the guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO), that will measure the effect of preventive measures of COVID-19 on the attitude of the tourist to travel during a pandemic situation.

Analyzing Destination Accessibility From the Perspective of Efficiency Among Tourism Origin Countries

The degree of accessibility significantly influences regional tourism flow and the performance of the global tourism industry. However, the tourism industry itself comprises many sectors, and accessibility measurements may not comprehensively incorporate the simultaneous accessibility of corresponding destinations. Moreover, perspectives are still lacking in the analysis of tourism origin countries. Therefore, this study provides a new approach based on network data envelopment analysis and social network analysis to identify potential opportunities among origin countries for accessibility to a given tourism destination. This study focuses on Taiwan as a tourism destination and measures the efficiency of 32 of its acknowledged tourism origin countries. The main finding is that the involvement of tourism intermediaries (such as tour operators and travel agents) is a key factor influencing most tourism origin countries’ performance. However, tourists make the largest contribution to shared output (i.e., tourism expenditures) for most tourism origin countries. Given the expanding knowledge of tourism management, understanding the accessibility of a destination can help destination managers and governments identify tourism opportunities and execute appropriate strategies.

PARADIGM SHIFT IN THE GLOBAL HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY - IMPACT OF PANDEMIC COVID-19

The Global hospitality industry constituting of lodging, food and beverage, entertainment, travel etc., was ever-expanding due to the ever-expanding global tourism industry before the outbreak of coronavirus. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, the hospitality industries were booming due to increased disposable income, change in lifestyle, new travel trends, increased internet penetration, internet banking, web presence of hotels and tourism directories. In the past decades, the number of international tourist arrivals had risen continuously. The growth projections as per the world tourism organization, the number of tourists across the globe was expected to cross 1.5 billion by 2020. The Global hospitality industry has come to a standstill after the pandemic as there is tremendous decrease in tours and travels as most of the flights are getting cancelled. Majority of the Governments worldwide, in order to prevent the spread of pandemic, are cancelling flights and foreign visits locking their boundaries. The Global hospitality industry economy is badly affected and its chances of revival in near future seem very bleak. Strategies are needed to revive the same. A paradigm shift in the global hospitality industry is envisaged in the near future.

Analysis of religious tourism in Ukraine: challenges of time and prospects

The main objectives of tourism business management are to develop and implement new strategies for promoting the product in the tourism market with the help of new technologies, as well as improve the existing ones due to using the main management functions. The article aims to improve the religious tourism sector in the modern tourism market and draw attention to religious tourism management. Research methods include analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization, forecasting, as well as the use of systemic, activity-oriented, historical and culturological approaches. The article offers some ways of solving the issues of religious tourism, taking into account the specifics of this sector. It also covers some problematic issues in religious tourism in the context of the main management functions. The article proves that the potential of religious tourism is unrealized in terms of management and marketing research on tourism. The crisis of the global tourism industry, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, has done significant harm to the entire tourism sector of Ukraine’s economy. But it opens a unique window of opportunities for Ukraine to become a world-famous religious destination. The WTTC drew attention to this, urging public and private sector leaders to work together to pave the way for the economic recovery, needed for the travel and tourist industry and create millions of jobs.

Tourism crisis management: evidence from COVID-19

ABSTRACT The tourism industry is an environmentally sensitive one. The recent outbreak of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) severely hit the global tourism industry. Nonetheless, future tourism development directions affected by the recent COVID-19 and feasible solutions for the recovery of the tourism industry in the existing literature were limited. Hence, this study predicts a future tourism development with detailed directions affected by the COVID-19 outbreak using Mainland China (hereafter known as China) as an example to address the aforementioned gaps. In total, 91 in-depth interviews were conducted among hospitality and tourism practitioners and experts. Overall, hospitality and tourism practitioners and experts hold a positive attitude toward the recovery of the tourism industry, whereas tourism practitioners perceive the long-term impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on the tourism industry. The findings contribute to the detailed predictions of the future tourism development for the hotel industry, travel agency, and tourist attractions.

The Impact of COVID-19 on Tourism: A Case Study of Lumbini, Nepal

This research aims to discover and present the impacts of COVID-19 in tourism in the context of Lumbini and its premises. As COVID-19 spread globally, it has created many challenges in health and security, daily lives, the national economy, and the global tourism industry. The COVID-19 outbreak has been considered as the most challenging tragedy that occurred in the world after the 2nd world war. The World Health Organization (WHO) had listed Nepal also as a country with a high-risk zone of COVID-19.The travel restriction and nationwide lock-down implemented by many countries including Nepal have resulted in a stranded traveler’s movement. As the consequences ticket reservation, flight services, transportation, hotel, and restaurants were closed and several job losses were registered in the tourism sector. The negative effects like fear, threat, frustration, and losing the confidence of tourism entrepreneurs appeared. This has brought changes in the tourists’ behavior and their motivation to travel for the next few years. In Lumbini businesses like lodges, hotels, restaurants, and travel offices were also severely affected by the pandemic. Thus, the tourism sector has been facing serious threats due to the prolonged lockdown and closing of tourism activities than the terror of COVID-19 itself.

Virtual Tours a Means to an End: An Analysis of Virtual Tours’ Role in Tourism Recovery Post COVID-19

COVID-19 brought the global tourism industry to a standstill. In response, various tourism stakeholders adopted innovative approaches such as virtual tours (VTs) to keep their attractions firmly in the minds of potential visitors. This study has integrated the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Protective Action Decision Model (PADM) models to determine the factors that affect a person’s decision to adopt VTs as temporary alternatives during times of crises. Data were collected from a sample of 401 respondents after they had experienced at least one of the VTs simulating Egyptian heritage sites. The results show that the antecedents of the TAM and PADM models are effective in predicting users’ intention to adopt VTs and that adoption intention has a positive impact on the tendency to visit the actual site. In addition, practical implications are provided for site managers to consider when opting for VTs as a promotional tool or as an alternative product during times of crisis.

Framework for Sustainable Recovery of Tourism in Protected Areas

Tourism in protected areas was a fast-growing segment within the global travel and tourism industry prior to the economic fallout from the COVID-19 pandemic. As a development pathway, tourism generated foreign exchange for countries endowed with natural assets (protected areas, pristine landscapes, forests, oceans, wildlife), contributed to conservation revenues, and provided local development benefits for communities. However, the spread of COVID-19 and its associated travel restrictions severely impacted this sector. In this review, we describe the main challenges preventing the sector from achieving its development potential. We propose a framework to steer tourism in protected areas as a green recovery initiative, so that it may rebound sustainably and continue to support biodiversity conservation and socio-economic development.

Crisis management research (1985-2020) in the hospitality and tourism industry: A review and research agenda.

The global tourism industry has already suffered an enormous loss due to COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) in 2020. Crisis management, including disaster management and risk management, has been becoming a hot topic for organisations in the hospitality and tourism industry. This study aims to investigate relevant research domains in the hospitality and tourism industry context. To understand how crisis management practices have been adopted in the industry, the authors reviewed 512 articles including 79 papers on COVID-19, spanning 36 years, between 1985 and 2020. The findings showed that the research focus of crisis management, crisis impact and recovery, as well as risk management, risk perception and disaster management dominated mainstream crisis management research. Look back the past decade (2010 to present), health-related crisis (including COVID-19), social media, political disturbances and terrorism themes are the biggest trends. This paper proposed a new conceptual framework for future research agenda of crisis management in the hospitality and tourism industry. Besides, ten possible further research areas were also suggested in a TCM (theory-context-method) model: the theories of crisis prevention and preparedness, risk communication, crisis management education and training, risk assessment, and crisis events in the contexts of COVID-19, data privacy in hospitality and tourism, political-related crisis events, digital media, and alternative analytical methods and approaches. In addition, specific research questions in these future research areas were also presented in this paper.

Scuba divers' attitudes towards responsible behaviour and profile

Within the global tourism industry exists the niche sector of alternative tourism, which includes adventure tourism. A sub-category of adventure tourism is self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (Scuba diving). The goal of this study was to identify how a scuba diver’s underwater behaviour is related to a set of predisposing characteristics. This study used a quantitative research approach rooted in the theory of positivism to explain scuba diving tourism within a South African context. A comprehensive literature review exploring the uniqueness of adventure tourism and scuba diving and the importance of coral reefs within marine protected areas (MPAs) is presented. In addition to the literature review, an online survey was conducted among South African divers (n=137). The survey aimed to determine the divers’ level of specialisation, environmental awareness, and demographic information. The findings indicated that while the respondents were generally evenly distributed demographically, their experience and environmental awareness improved the longer they were involved in scuba diving. Respondents were observed to be generally responsible divers and to have a broad understanding of the coral reef ecosystem. These findings support existing studies conducted at dive sites across the world, which indicate that responsible diver behaviour increases with the level of specialisation.

Global Impacts and Trends of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Cruise Sector: A Focus On South Africa

Cruise tourism is one of the major growth areas of international tourism, and the impact of cruise tourists on a national economy is similar to that of other foreign visitors. The cruise industry has, however, continuously faced exposure to various types of health risks, which can develop into health-related crises, to which both passengers and crew members are vulnerable The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19 pandemic has reached a critical situation on a global scale and is severely impacting on the global cruise tourism industry. This papers seeks to examine the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the cruise tourism industry globally and in South Africa specifically. Desktop research was undertaken to gather data and insights on the unfolding global pandemic and its effect on the cruise sector. Secondary data from various national and international organisations was analysed, as well as current news reports and academic literature. The data indicates that the cruise sector is one of the hardest hit sectors of the tourism industry, and the economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on this sector is devastating. The data further implies that the future of the cruise industry looks bleak, especially due to the reputational damage the sector is currently faced with.

ANALYSIS OF THE DYNAMICS AND TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN INTERNATIONAL TOURIST MARKET

Until recently, the tourism sector accounted for a significant share of the world's gross domestic product and provided about 10 % of world employment. In 2020, the global tourism industry faced a serious challenge – a crisis caused by the spread of a new type of virus (COVID-19 pandemic). International tourism has become one of the most affected by COVID-19 pandemic industries. The demand for tourism and hospitality services, which were one of the world's largest sources of foreign exchange earnings and employment in the era of pre-COVID-19, has significantly decreased. Although the future of tourism in an era of COVID-19 pandemic is very uncertain, a study of trends in the international tourism market in a crisis can be used to assess how the industry can recover and survive in the era of COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the statistical data of international organizations, the author studied indicators of international tourist flows, identified the main trends in the development of international tourism at the current stage, assessed the impact on the tourism sector of the COVID-19 pandemic and determined possibilities for its development in the context of the economic crisis, showed prospects for the development of the industry.

관광안전에 관한 연구: 포스트 코로나19와 해외여행 형태 변화

Impacts of Covid-19 are blowing out the global tourism industry because it has been triggering tremendous downturn in the world tourism market. UNWTO and OECD predict that a number of international tourists will decrease by about 80% in the end of 2020 and Korean tourism market experiences over 80%. The study aimed to forecast the changes of outbound travel after Covid-19 in Korea.BR 760 samples were analysed into 5 items: type of travel product, travel term, travel company, travel activity and travel accomodation. Online survey was performed from October 1 to November 30 in 2020 and a self-administered questionnarie.BR Consequently, new types of tours, small-sized family tour and relaxation tour with a villa or a pension will be popular as all outbound tourists do not want exposure from the risks like pandemic and disease. It is also inferred that more luxury tours and nearly accessible destinations will be preferred if untacted with others. Besides, controlling health risk will be one of the most important factors in examination of the tourist’s decision-making process.