Global Service Research Articles

Does the service trade network impact on technological complexity of exports?——New perspective based on social network approach

ABSTRACT In the context of the digital economy, digital service trade has gradually become a new driving force for the high-quality development of foreign trade in various countries. Based on the bilateral data of digital service trade between 56 countries from 2005 to 2021, this paper constructs the global digital service trade network through social network analysis method. Also, this study examines the impact of the network characteristics on its export technology complexity. According to our research findings, first, in terms of the overall characteristics, the number of participating countries in digital service trade is increasing, and the density is overall low but showing an upward trend. Second, in terms of individual characteristics, the ranking is relatively stable, developed countries such as Europe and the United States with higher centrality, connectedness and heterogeneity are the dominant players in the digital service trade. But the indicators of each characteristic are decreasing over time, verifying the fact that the global digital service trade has become more open and inclusive. Third, we examined that centrality, connectedness, and heterogeneity all contribute significantly to export technological complexity. Technological innovation is the main path of action. The results still hold after performing a series of robustness tests.

The Post Office Scandal: Implications for Management, Leadership, and Governance

Many have become more aware of the Post Office (PO) scandal because of the screening of the docudrama Mr Bates vs The Post Office in 2024 (ITV, 2024) and coverage of the recent Public Inquiry (Post Office Horizon IT Inquiry, 2024). However, there are also now several publications concerning the case which highlight key failures in governance, leadership and management that can be addressed. This working paper reviews the case from documented sources and applies critical insight to understand the case from the perspective of both business ethics and organisational behaviour. The author is a former Manager of Ethics and Responsible Business Practices for a global professional services firm, and the co-author of the Economist book, Business Ethics (Moon and Bonny, 2001). The paper highlights the need to build ethical and responsible decision-making cultures from the top down. However, setting the ‘tone at the top’ is no longer a useful paradigm. Too often senior leaders’ distance themselves from the actual running of the enterprise to be fully aware of potential risks that need to be managed. In the case of the PO, key learning points are highlighted in this regard with reference to the work of the investigative journalist Nick Wallis (2021, 2022) and other key authors.

Global Pathology: A Snapshot of the Problems, the Progress, and the Potential.

For equitable global health care, the United Nations has outlined Sustainable Development Goals for health in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) with the goal of reaching universal health care by 2030. Currently, 47% of the global population lacks access to basic diagnostics for many common diseases. The need for diagnostic access has never been more critical owing to the dramatic rise of noncommunicable diseases in LMICS. In a recent analysis, The Lancet Commission on Diagnostics estimated that 1.1 million deaths occurring on an annual basis could be avoided if the diagnostic gap were reduced to 10% for only 6 priority conditions. To provide a nonexhaustive summary of the progress made to overcome the barriers to adequate access and explore the potential solutions needed to achieve global diagnostic equity. Several experts in global pathology were interviewed in addition to pathologists working in low-resource settings outside of the United States. Published literature on the topic of global pathology work was analyzed and summarized to provide a cohesive snapshot of the status of global pathology. Working to increase access to diagnostics in low-resource settings will save millions of lives. The solution to the current inadequate availability of global pathology services will require a global commitment from the entire pathology and laboratory medicine community, government support, and collaboration between the public-private sectors to achieve equitable health care.

Long Term Global Ionospheric Total Electron Content Trend Analysis

AbstractSimulations based on physical models of the thermosphere‐ionosphere system suggest that the ionosphere will sink as the thermosphere cools and contracts in response to increasing greenhouse gas concentrations. As a consequence, long‐term trends can be expected in ionospheric parameters such as: total electron content (TEC), the critical frequency of the F2 layer, foF2, and its peak height, hmF2. Since early 1990s, foF2 and hmF2, though to a lesser extent, have been widely analyzed to find these trends. This study shows long‐term TEC trends for the period 1999–2023 from available global International GNSS service TEC maps. Using F30, F10.7 or MgII as proxies to filter out the effect of solar EUV, the trends are negative, not only for the mean global value but also for most regions with very few exceptions. This would align with the greenhouse effect hypothesis, even though our results show higher negative trend values than expected theoretically.

Innovative policy of WTO on trade in the global financial services market

The World Trade Organization (WTO) has been actively working to address the various challenges facing the global financial services market and is of great importance for the regulation of trade in general, including trade in financial services. This is done through the WTO’s guidance in the conclusion of trade agreements containing provisions on financial services, such as the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS). The main goal of the GATS is to create conditions for legalizing and regulating trade in financial services between member countries. It promotes the creation of a legal framework for trade in services, including financial services, and establishes principlesand procedures to be followed by market participants. In addition, the WTO facilitates the exchange of information and best practices between countries to promote innovative development of the financial sector (FSC), Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA), and stimulates competition, which can foster innovation. However, specific policies on innovation in the financial sector are usually determined by national governments and regulators, and the WTO helps to create a general framework for their development. However, it should be noted that ongoing efforts are needed to address the remaining challenges and to promote a more efficient and accessible global financial services market. The article examines the key features of the regulatory framework for modern financial instruments in individual countries, as well as the mechanisms of WTO regulation of the global financial services market.

Reconstruction and Prediction of Invasive Cydia pomonella Population Dynamics: A Laboratory Study

ABSTRACTInvasive species pose a significant threat to global biodiversity and ecological services. The specific threshold of the initial population size necessary for the successful establishment of an invasive species remains uncertain. This research delves into the effects of different initial population sizes on the colonisation and population dynamics of the globally recognised invasive pest, Cydia pomonella, within a controlled laboratory setting. The results revealed that even a single pair of C. pomonella displayed notable eggs laid (fecundity) and hatched (fertility) by producing offspring upon mating. Larger initial population size exhibited increased mating rates, leading to enhanced fecundity and subsequently more offspring, indicating that the development of C. pomonella population is directly impacted by the mating rate of the initial individuals. Projections based on F1 data indicate that the C. pomonella population size could persistently increase over a span of 150 days, with varying growth rates influenced by the initial population size. These findings indicate the importance of heightened monitoring and management in non‐invaded regions to avert early colonisation of C. pomonella, thus mitigating the threat of invasion and subsequent population expansion.

Language and parental satisfaction during inpatient stay: A pilot survey study in a quaternary pediatric hospital.

Considering the significant volume of non-English speakers seeking medical care in the United States and the challenges they may encounter within the hospital environment, it is necessary to assess the satisfaction of non-English-speaking families during their hospital stays and to determine potential areas of improvement in order to optimize care. We aimed to evaluate and describe the satisfaction of Arabic-, Spanish-, and English-speaking families at a quaternary pediatric hospital. From the measures assessed, we sought to identify perceived strengths and weaknesses of the inpatient experience for families who spoke different languages. In doing so, we aimed to identify ways to improve the hospital experience for patients and their families. We created a 23-item satisfaction questionnaire that was vetted by the hospital's Global Services Department, professionally translated into Arabic and Spanish, and tested by native speakers. The survey contained questions pertaining to parent/guardian demographics, their experience with the hospital environment, and their care team or services. Using the questionnaire, we surveyed Arabic-, Spanish-, and English-speaking parents/guardians of post-procedural patients under 18 years of age in intensive care units (ICUs) and on inpatient floors. A total of 162 surveys were collected with roughly equal distribution across the three language groups (52 Arabic, 53 Spanish, 57 English). We found no statistically significant difference in satisfaction scores across the three language groups, nor across self-reported English-proficient and non-English-proficient Arabic and Spanish respondents. In addition, there was no statistically significant difference in satisfaction between parents/guardians in ICUs and those on inpatient floors. This pilot survey suggests that inclusivity and availability of interpretation resources play a role in successfully creating an environment where both English and non-English speakers are satisfied. Further development and validation of the survey instrument should be performed, along with testing at other institutions.

Decolonizing or Re-Colonizing? Community Members’ Perspectives of Global Service Learning Programs

Decolonizing or Re-Colonizing? Community Members’ Perspectives of Global Service Learning Programs

The Smart Organization Movement: A Review and Research Agenda for Digital Competencies

In the rapidly evolving landscape of the digital era, organizations are grappling with the imperative to cultivate and harness digital competencies among their workforce to remain competitive. The 12th Malaysia Plan Mid-Term Review (12MP MTR), under one of the 17 Big Bold Measures calls for strengthening sectors and industries with high growth and high value (HGHV). The call to focus on Global Business Services (GBS), identified as one of the strategic industries on the digital competencies of its future work talent is deemed imperative in producing a future agile workforce. The advent of emerging technologies and the increasing interdependence of various industries on digital platforms necessitate a future workforce that embodies agility in adapting to change. This problem statement delves into the pressing issues surrounding digital competencies and the imperative for a future workforce model characterized by agility. Hence, the main objective of this study is to explore a Digital Competency Model for the Malaysian future agile workforce. Academics and practitioners could also refer to this study to enhance their knowledge of digital competencies and workforce agility using a smart organization perspective.

A Case Study on AI Integration for Global Services at a Bangalore-based Tech Company

This case study examines Justin's leadership in integrating AI technologies at a prominent Bangalore-based tech company to enhance global services and customer experiences. By deploying AI-powered chatbots, personalized recommendations, and predictive analytics, the company significantly improved customer satisfaction, operational efficiency, and scalability. However, challenges related to data management, employee resistance, and process alignment arose during integration, prompting the implementation of strategic solutions such as advanced data management systems and workforce upskilling to foster a collaborative environment.

Dynamics of ecosystem services along ecological network seascapes

Abstract Human societies depend on services provided by ecosystems, from local needs such as clean water and pest control to global services like the ozone layer and the ocean biological pump. Ecosystem services are linked to the states of the ecosystem, which are, in turn, governed by a web of ecological interactions. These interactions, along with the services they support, are under threat from environmental changes driven by human activities. Therefore, safeguarding these vital services requires an understanding of how the structure and dynamics of ecological interactions are affected by environmental change. A critical step towards this goal is the development of a theoretical framework that can elucidate how ecosystem services are sustained or impaired by interactions within ecosystems in fluctuating environments. Recent years have seen progress in characterizing the organization and dynamics of ecological networks. However, linking temporally varying network structure in fluctuating environments, the seascapes of ecological networks, and their impact on services remains a challenge. We propose an approach based on merging ecological network analysis with Boolean functions and modeling of fluctuating environments to address how services are affected by environmental change. We review aspects of Boolean Network models and illustrate the approach using biologically inspired Boolean rules that involve predator-prey cycles, trophic cascades, and mutualisms formed by plants and their frugivores. This approach aims to contribute to the study of how the organization of ecological interactions affects the persistence of ecosystem services. Specifically, we discuss how this approach can provide new insights into how environmental change affects the relationship between ecological networks and ecosystem services. The combination of information on the natural history of species interactions and ecosystem services, Boolean networks, and models for fluctuating environments may contribute to conservation strategies for preserving biodiversity and ecosystem services in the face of ongoing environmental change.

Research on the Green Development of E-Commerce Economy Based on E-Commerce Platform

While innovating global trade and service models, driving profound changes in business models and consumer behaviors, the e-commerce economy is also accompanied by problems such as resource consumption and environmental pollution, which have aroused people's concern and profound thinking about sustainable development. In this context, green development has gradually become a global consensus. It has become an urgent research topic to correctly understand the relationship between them and integrate green concepts into the development of the e-commerce economy to achieve the dual goals of economic benefits and environmental sustainability. This paper selects two major e-commerce platforms, Amazon and JD, as cases, summarizes the current situation of e-commerce platforms and green development, reveals the relationship between the two, points out the challenges faced, and puts forward corresponding solutions, emphasizing the importance of technological innovation, policy guidance, consumer behavior education, and win-win cooperation. This paper reviews the state of e-commerce platforms and sustainable development, highlighting the linkage and addressing challenges with proposed solutions, underscoring the roles of tech innovation, policy, consumer education, and a collaborative strategy. This helps to highlight the vital role of e-commerce platforms in global economic growth and business innovation, increase their emphasis on environmental protection and social responsibility, and promote future paths and prospects in achieving long-term sustainable development goals.

Effective Communication Skills for Housekeeping Staff: Improving Guest Interaction in English

Practical language skills are essential in the hospitality industry, especially for housekeeping staff interacting directly with international guests. This study aims to identify and evaluate effective English training strategies to improve the communication skills of housekeeping staff at Duta Syariah Hotel Palembang. This study uses a mixed-methods approach involving ten housekeeping staff selected through purposive sampling. The quantitative method was conducted with pre-tests and post-tests to measure the improvement of English proficiency. In contrast, the qualitative method involved in-depth interviews and questionnaire analysis to gain insight into the staff's perception of the training received. 77.4. This indicates that, in general, housekeeping staff is at a moderate level of ability. However, there is considerable variation among them. The highest score obtained was 89 (SH), while the lowest score was 58 (RR). The average score of all staff was 77.4, which indicates that overall, the staff's speaking ability was at a moderate level. The English training program developed and implemented in this study effectively improves the English skills of housekeeping staff, improving professional competence and guest satisfaction. The study recommends implementing similar training strategies in other hospitality industry sectors to improve the quality of global service and communication.

Arup Group Limited: putting trust in the trust

Research methodology The data set used to write this case was collected from 83 public sources, including company communications, company journals and reports and the company website, along with newspaper articles, industry reports, scientific articles and case studies. The data set was used to analyse both the industry and firm in which Arup operated to draw conclusions about the firm’s strategy and competitive advantage, specifically, as it relates to trust and knowledge management. Case overview/synopsis Alan Belfield, an employee of Arup Group Limited for 29 years, and the company’s chairman since 2019, had witnessed significant growth since he first joined the firm. Operating globally, Arup had a proud past; since 1946, the company had served 6,931 clients across 143 countries, leading to its important contribution to many world-renowned landmarks within the built environment. From 2018 to 2020, revenue at the global multiservice engineering company had grown almost £250m [1] to £1.809bn. Over the past few years and as 2021 came to an end, the global engineering services industry had experienced a flood of mergers and acquisitions, as the industry grew towards maturity and clients looked for full-service solutions. Arup’s strategy had proven successful in the past, evidenced by its capacity to grow revenues and partake in the design of well-known structures and buildings. However, with the trend towards consolidation, as Arup headed into 2022, how could the firm retain its position as one of the global leaders in the industry over time? Complexity academic level The case can be used in business courses on global strategic management at the bachelor and master levels, as it applies key strategic management concepts within a global context. The case focuses primarily on the transnational corporation (Bartlett and Ghoshal, 2002) and how it creates value through strategy and structure. Instructors who wish to integrate the human resource management aspect into the course are provided with optional material, including an additional reading, along with an assignment question and associated analysis and teaching guidance.

Comparing Refugee Resettlement Services: A New Global Dataset and Typology

Abstract The number of countries participating in resettlement has increased substantially in recent years: since 2010, one-third of resettlement countries officially began offering permanent homes to refugees. The services provided to refugees upon resettlement are surprisingly distinct, even among countries with similar political and economic contexts. Despite the importance of these services, existing scholarship offers surprisingly little comparison of resettlement policies globally. To address this gap, this multi-method project analyses refugee resettlement services in 26 countries that are responsible for 99.9 per cent of all resettled refugees, from 1951 to present. The study introduces an original Global Resettlement Services dataset with 42 indicators that provide a current, reliable, and easily accessible overview of resettlement services in each country. Cluster analysis of these data helped to construct a typology that captures four distinct “types” of refugee resettlement: Limited Provision, Cultural Transition, Core Services, and Flexible Support. The typology provides a framework to help policy-makers, academics, and practitioners increase collaboration, design innovative programmes, and improve existing resettlement services. This study offers a comprehensive analysis of the different approaches to resettling refugees worldwide, with significant implications for advancing theory and improving global refugee resettlement policies.

Research on the meteorological data transmission system of civil aircraft based on BeiDou satellite

Abstract With the official opening of the Beidou-3 global satellite navigation system, Beidou has entered a new era of global services, extending its service area to the whole world. With the advantages of sufficient data volume and high data security, the BeiDou-3 short message satellite communication system can provide global communication services for airlines, realize two-way data transmission between air and land, and effectively reduce the operating costs of airline companies. Aiming at the demand for low-cost civil aircraft weather data transmission proposed by domestic and foreign airline companies, the current development of civil aviation weather information transmission and the current application status of BeiDou in civil aviation were studied, and the BeiDou satellite-based civil aircraft weather data transmission system was designed. The system architecture, detailed functions and data transmission workflow were analyzed, and the message coding structure was designed using bit-based coding technology. Finally, the feasibility of the scheme is verified through the data demand analysis of weather news and the onboard flight test on a domestic aircraft. The results show that t-he BeiDou short message function has the ability to realize the weather data transmission of a civilian aircraft.

Export of medical education in the world market of educational services

The article examines current trends and challenges related to the export of medical education in the global educational services market. The analysis of the data on the number of foreign students at medical universities leading exporting countries, including USA, UK, Australia, Canada, Germany, Russia and China. The factors influencing the choice of a country for study, such as the quality of educational programs, tuition fees, and the availability of visa and immigration procedures, are highlighted. Special attention is paid to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the growth of online education on international student mobility and accreditation of medical programs. In conclusion, recommendations are proposed for exporting countries to strengthen their positions in the global medical education market.

A Resource Allocation Algorithm for Cloud-Network Collaborative Satellite Networks with Differentiated QoS Requirements

With the continuous advancement of cloud computing and satellite communication technology, the cloud-network-integrated satellite network has emerged as a novel network architecture. This architecture harnesses the benefits of cloud computing and satellite communication to achieve global coverage, high reliability, and flexible information services. However, as business types and user demands grow, addressing differentiated Quality of Service (QoS) requirements has become a crucial challenge for cloud-network-integrated satellite networks. Effective resource allocation algorithms are essential to meet these differentiated QoS requirements. Currently, research on resource allocation algorithms for differentiated QoS requirements in cloud-network-integrated satellite networks is still in its early stages. While some research results have been achieved, there persist issues such as high algorithm complexity, limited practicality, and a lack of effective evaluation and adjustment mechanisms. The first part of this study examines the state of research on network virtual mapping methods that are currently in use. A reinforcement-learning-based virtual network mapping approach that considers quality of service is then suggested. This algorithm aims to improve user QoS and request acceptance ratio by introducing QoS satisfaction parameters. With the same computational complexity, QoS is significantly improved. Additionally, there has been a noticeable improvement in the request acceptance ratio and resource utilization efficiency. The proposed algorithm solves existing challenges and takes a step towards more practical and efficient resource allocation in cloud-network-integrated satellite networks. Experiments have proven the practicality of the proposed virtual network embedding algorithm of Satellite Network (SN-VNE) based on Reinforcement Learning (RL) in meeting QoS and improving utilization of limited heterogeneous resources. We contrast the performance of the SN-VNE algorithm with DDRL-VNE, CDRL, and DSCD-VNE. Our algorithm improve the acceptance ratio of VNEs, long-term average revenue and delay by an average of 7.9%, 15.87%, and 63.21%, respectively.

Knowledge, Skills, and Practices of Global Service Standards Among Graduate Students at Saint Joseph Institute of Technology (SJIT)

This study employed a descriptive research design to examine the knowledge, skills, and practices (KSP) related to global service standards among graduate students at Saint Joseph Institute of Technology (SJIT). Using convenient sampling within the "Global Trends in Service Excellence" course, data was collected through a 30-item knowledge test and a survey questionnaire assessing skills and practices. Descriptive statistics, including mean, frequency, and percentage, were utilized for analysis. Results demonstrated a strong foundation in understanding global service standards. Additionally, student respondents showed high proficiency in collaboration, creativity, critical thinking, digital literacy, and dedication to customer-focused, ethical, and sustainable practices. While adaptability remains an area for potential growth, the findings suggest that SJIT graduate students are well-positioned to succeed in the global service environment. This study offers valuable insights for educators and institutions aiming to prepare students for careers in a globalized service sector.

Trajectory Privacy-Protection Mechanism Based on Multidimensional Spatial–Temporal Prediction

The popularity of global GPS location services and location-enabled personal terminal applications has contributed to the rapid growth of location-based social networks. Users can access social networks at anytime and anywhere to obtain services in the relevant location. While accessing services is convenient, there is a potential risk of leaking users’ private information. In data processing, the discovery of issues and the generation of optimal solutions constitute a symmetrical process. Therefore, this paper proposes a symmetry–trajectory differential privacy-protection mechanism based on multi-dimensional prediction (TPPM-MP). Firstly, the temporal attention mechanism is designed to extract spatiotemporal features of trajectories from different spatiotemporal dimensions and perform trajectory-sensitive prediction. Secondly, class-prevalence-based weights are assigned to sensitive regions. Finally, the privacy budget is assigned based on the sensitive weights, and noise conforming to localized differential privacy is added. Validated on real datasets, the proposed method in this paper enhanced usability by 22% and 37% on the same dataset compared with other methods mentioned, while providing equivalent privacy protection.