Global Restructuring Research Articles

Research Trends in China's Digital Economy

The digital economy has emerged as a pivotal force in the global restructuring of factor resources, the reconfiguration of the global economic landscape, and the transformation of patterns in global competition. This paper delves into the foundational aspects of the digital economy, elucidating the nuanced connotations, distinctive characteristics, and evolving trajectories within the context of both governmental and academic discourse in China. A comprehensive examination of contemporary global digital research is conducted, and a critical appraisal is made of the deficiencies and gaps existing in China's digital economy research vis-à-vis the backdrop of the nation's digital economic development policies and research endeavors. Furthermore, this study conducts an in-depth analysis of research shortcomings at the meso-level, encompassing facets such as digital transformation, high-quality development, digital finance, digital trade, among others. The findings culminate in actionable recommendations aimed at advancing the trajectory of China's digital economy.

RE-ENGINEERING OF BUSINESS PROCESSES IN THE DESIGN ACTIVITIES OF MODERN MACHINE-BUILDING ENTERPRISES

Scientific and technical progress, globalization and market competition have faced manufacturers with the fact of a significant reduction in the life cycle of finished products. The modern stage of the development of mechanical engineering is characterized by the wide implementation of the latest achievements of science and technology, which ensures an increase in production efficiency due to the reduction of the length of the design process and the introduction of new, modern types of machines, equipment, materials, etc. Flexible production systems, robots, processing centers appeared, which significantly shortened the production cycle, and in these conditions, new requirements for design activities were formed. In connection with the rapid development of computer technologies, today there is practically no engineering activity that is not equipped with computer modeling and design tools in one way or another. Reengineering is a more radical measure that involves a global restructuring of business processes, therefore, during reengineering, the company's activities can be fundamentally changed. Today, you can find several understandings of the process approach to management. Among them, it is possible to single out an understanding that is based on a systematic consideration of the company's activity as a set of processes and the development of a process management system. This understanding of the process approach is based on the definition of the process and systems approach to the enterprise, the definition of the business process of the enterprise and the system of interrelated processes, as well as the understanding of the steps necessary to implement the process approach. Such an approach is the fundamental and determining point of increasing the efficiency of management, which is the management of production in the direction of its improvement. The peculiarities of design activity and the main approaches to its reengineering are considered.

The place of the state regulatory system of the agricultural sector in ensuring sustainable development

This article is devoted to the study of the characteristic features of the system of state regulation of the agrarian sector and determining its place in ensuring sustainable development. Based on the analysis, it was established that the current system of state regulation of the agricultural sector in Ukraine includes a number of subjects that have influence based on their authority (public authorities of various levels), as well as those that influence indirectly (the public sector). These subjects directly or indirectly affect the agricultural sector of the economy through a number of means of influence (organizational, financial and economic, normative and legal and advisory or scientific and methodological). It was determined that among the priority goals of state regulation should be, first of all, the promotion of the gradual comprehensive growth of the country's economy, productive employment, which covers the largest possible number of working population, as well as decent working conditions for all. It is noted that the sustainable development of the agricultural sector in today's conditions is impossible without guaranteeing environmental safety, which is considered one of the key components of national security. In order to ensure a stable ecological situation in agro-industrial production, it is important to create, implement, and most importantly - finance targeted programs aimed at this at the state and regional levels. It has been proven that one of the key components of a modern effective system of state regulation of the agrarian sector is support for digital transformation in the agrarian sector. Digitization involves the use of technologies that include the application of advanced achievements in combination with the Internet for the global restructuring of agriculture. It was concluded that one of the directions for the fulfillment of these tasks can be the support of the clustering of the agricultural sector. The government's cluster approach to the sustainable development of the agricultural sector makes it possible to maintain a positive synergistic effect and reduce the impact of negative factors even with minimal state funding. It promotes inter-branch interaction, coordination of economic interests of subjects of agricultural production.

Process of effective management of the Eurasian transport system on the terms of integration

Transformation of international relations caused by geopolitical processes significantly affects the development trends in foreign trade activities, global restructuring of goods movement channels, changes in the conditions of currency and customs regulation, lending, and investment. Ensuring stability, security and prosperity in the Eurasian region meets interests of many states, primarily Russia and China, as well as their closest partners. The implementation of the project on construction and modernization of the Eurasian transport system will not only neutralize risks in the context of international challenges, but will also contribute to the new ecosystem creation with great potential in the new realities. Harmonization and joint coordination of actions in accordance with the integration process progressive implementation to create a regional ecosystem in the international format will contribute to the creation of mutually beneficial partnership, development of sustainable long-term ties for implementing trade, scientific, production, and logistics projects. Conceptual provisions of the integration process to create a regional ecosystem will help to create sustainable conditions for economic development and increase corporate, sectoral and regional policies effectiveness. Building an international architecture of strategic partnership in the format of regional and sectoral interactions is a real and potentially successful approach to increase regional economic cooperation efficiency. The relevance of the study is also confirmed by the provisions of the project on transport and logistics and economic cooperation development until 2030 in priority strategic directions, primarily in financial, industrial-technological and transport, and logistics areas. The scientific novelty of the study lies in a comprehensive and integrated study of the role and regional cooperation potential and economic processes integration in China and Russia in the new ecosystem of the Greater Eurasian Partnership, as well as development of mutually beneficial cooperation between the states of the region in economic, political and humanitarian spheres. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the justification of the construction and implementation of a joint transport and logistics project on the terms of integration between China and Russia, which will predetermine the creation of the Greater Eurasian Partnership new ecosystem named with long-term mutually beneficial multilateral cooperation at the international level in the economic, political, and humanitarian fields.

Geriatric cardiology: general provisions

The increase in life expectancy, thanks not least to the success of disease prevention and treatment, has led to a global restructuring of the population structure with a dramatic increase of the elderly and long-livers. Characteristics for elderly patients are the spectrum of age-associated types of pathology, disease-nonspecific symptoms and syndromes, polypharmacy, and functional in capacity which require a fundamentally different approach from the «disease-centered» approach in modern medicine. The review examines the history of geriatric cardiology and its demographic factors, the tasks of geriatric cardiology at the current stage of the development of clinical medicine, focuses on a number of specific geriatric conditions such as multimorbidity, polypharmacy, geriatric syndromes, and the limited representation of geriatric aspects of cardiovascular diseases in the recommendations of the European Society of Cardiology. It is emphasized that the organic incorporation of principles and methods of comprehensive geriatric assessment into the traditional cardiological diagnostic and treatment process using methods of geriatric screening, geriatric diagnosis, creation of individual treatment and recovery programs will allow to improve the quality of life, functional status, to prevent traumatic events and acute conditions in of elderly patients, to reduce the burden on the medical and social security system.

Urban cybernotopics: The flow pattern

At the beginning of the 21st century the world has moved into the phase of global restructuring characterised by large-scale crises of life organization and science. For any science it is important to investigate the methodology of its cognition. Architecture and urban planning are no exception. The current commercial and industrial civilisation is built upon Western European positivism based on individualism, for which it is important how phenomena occur, not why they occur. The alternative to such a vision is a cosmic worldview based on the search for a genetic, eternal and always consistent connection between humans and nature in the space of the biosphere. The current instrumental and technical progress should be replaced by an organic progress that considers man and nature in a single connected Co-existence. This approach dictates a new urban planning in the perspective of cybernotopics, which considers the triad “nature – population – economy” as a flow pattern – the phenomenon of synchronicity in the dynamic, changeable, mobile equilibrium in the space of the biosphere. The technical external process of the impact on nature should be replaced by an organic process.

From the first to the third wave of COVID-19: dynamics of anxious behavior in large Russian cities (Moscow and Rostov-on-Don)

The COVID-19 pandemic has created the worst public health crisis in modern history. Stress in the face of the disease threat, a global restructuring of the common way of life, uncertainty and fears for the health and well-being of relatives and friends have led to an increase in anxiety among the population of all countries. Important risk factors for increased stress during the pandemic are sex, age, epidemiological experience, and place of residence. Large cities become centers of the spread of diseases due to the high population density, high mobility, and the presence of large transport hubs. The article examines the dynamics of anxious behavior during three waves of COVID-19 in 2020-2021, taking the cases of two largest Russian cities - Moscow and Rostov-on-Don (total sample - 4884 people). The analysis explains the regional and sex differences in anxious behavior and demonstrates the two main trends: on the one hand, there is an adaptation to the prolonged stress; on the other hand, the numbers of respondents with anxiety and depressive disorders are increasing, which may indicate the presence of post-traumatic stress.

Individual strategies for mitigating health risk under high epidemiological hazard (review of foreign studies)

The COVID-19 pandemic created elevated risks for life and health of overwhelming majority of people all over the world. The situation called for global restructuring of activities performed by social institutions as well as for adaptation of people’s routine behaviors to this new reality. Common people faced a serious challenge of selecting an optimal self-preservation model that would allow achieving the maximum possible mitigation of health risks. This review covers empirical foreign studies with their focus on people’s health-related behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic with its aim being to identify different types of individual strategies for health risk mitigation. During the pandemic, protective behavior was influenced by social, cultural, sociodemographic, and individual and personality-related factors. Effects of micro-factors (age or education) could be different depending on a country. High healthcare literacy was a factor of selecting a protective behavior model regardless of any other characteristics. We can spot out three basic strategies for mitigating health risks under high epidemiological hazard: 1) a maximum protection strategy involving adherence to most medical recommendations on prevention of the coronavirus infection; 2) a dominating protection strategy that involves adherence to some basic recommendations (face mask wearing, frequent hand washing, and self-isolation); 3) a mixed strategy that includes periodical adherence to some recommendation on prevention of the infection, on the one hand, and some risky behaviors, on the other hand. Behavior strategies aimed at mental health protection are various and include, for example, those that are oriented at social networks as much as only possible (a strategy involving search for emotional support or an attempt to keep social contacts), as well as isolation strategies and deviant strategies. Some studies covered in the review suggest ways to consider peculiarities of individual and family behavior during the pandemics when solving tasks related to risks of infections spread in future.

Corporate restructuring in the telecommunications equipment industry: The case of Spain in the late twentieth century

A new technological paradigm coupled with a powerful wave of deregulation and liberalisation that was unleashed worldwide from the 1980s onwards acted as a catalyst for profound transformation in the telecommunications equipment industry, which was dominated at the time by large multinational corporations. These developments, in turn, led to worldwide restructuring in the sector. The present paper hypothesises that the sector’s oligopolistic structure remained, but that it did so under the leadership of new global players that sought to impose their strategies in response to the prevailing conditions. The paper also aims to explain the reasons for the global restructuring in the sector by looking at the strategies, choices, and decisions of the involved multinationals from the viewpoint of the nation-state. Based on the assumption that a separate analysis of one national unit can help to understand the process as a whole, the paper draws on primary sources to describe and analyse the adjustment path within Standard Eléctrica, a Spanish subsidiary first of IT&T and then of Alcatel.

Family farmers' strategies to develop autonomy through agroecological and solidarity economy practices: The case of BioVida in the Ecuadorian Andes

AbstractConsidering the global restructuring affecting agrarian landscapes, we build on the concept of autonomy proposed by van der Ploeg and colleagues (but extended and critically complemented) to analyse how family farmers can build this autonomy to face rural capitalist tendencies and maintain their activities and identity. We offer insights from a case study in the Ecuadorian Andes, the BioVida organization that is linked to agroecological and social and solidarity economy movements. Our findings show that family farming autonomy is not being achieved homogeneously for the whole household but must be analysed through an intersectional approach. Furthermore, there are simultaneous processes to achieve different degrees of autonomy and (inter‐)dependency, which are co‐constitutive along gender and age lines and are conditioned by structural constraints. Therefore, for our case study area, agribusiness and family farming processes and spaces seem to operate co‐constitutively rather than antagonistically in practical terms. Agroecology‐based achievements so far act as a localized buffer against adversity rather than an emancipative territorial project of autonomy.

African Development and the Globalization Imperative: New Directions, Familiar Crises

Globalisation has emerged as the defining conceptual and contextual socioeconomic framework of analysis for the early 21st century. Throughout Africa particularly, globalisation has become a political-economic buzzword for profound structural change, as well as the focus of vociferous and rigorous criticism by those sectors of society disadvantaged, damaged, orbypassed by the forces of global restructuring. Moreover, globalisation often is discussed from an absolutist perspective and framed almost exclusively within the context of the political state. As a result, regions, places, and people frequently are reduced to insignificant actors or are omitted from the analysis altogether. This paper examines the theoretical and practicalimplications of globalisation for development in Africa and argues for an analytical approach that encompasses key regional and local conditions. With Africa as the framework of reference, six critical elements of development under globalisation are examined: social polarisation, migration, democratisation, cultural identity, transportation, and environmental change. The paper concludes by discussing the concept of ‘globalisation’ and arguing for a policy approach that rethinks the extant framework and restructures the analytical construct in a more proactive manner

Strategic directions of sustainable development of the tourism industry

Today, in the conditions of global restructuring and reorientation of economic sectors, the growth of people's needs and motives for tourism is important. Tourism as a branch of the economy is gradually taking leadership positions in many countries of the world, as well as in Ukraine in the future. Therefore, we have significant unrealized human, natural-resource, historical-cultural, tourist-recreational and scientific-technical potential, a good geographical location, and a favorable climate. Also, the peculiarity of the current situation in the country, economic and political instability, the conditions of the military conflict, insist on the further development of our state, which must necessarily include the creation of conditions for the development of the tourism industry.
 At the same time, the formation of a highly developed tourism industry and its integration into the world market of tourist services are connected with the need to solve acute socio-economic problems and attract international experience. The article reveals that the phenomenon of the 21st century. determine today - the hospitality industry, which has become one of the leading directions of socio-economic activity. It has been proven that this is the business of the 21st century. which contributes to the creation of new jobs, the search for methods of increasing the competitiveness of enterprises at the global level, the popularization of the country on the international market of services and, as a result, raising the level of the national economy.
 However, in recent years, the tourism industry in Ukraine has been in a state of stagnation, therefore, the determination of factors influencing the development of the hospitality industry is relevant, because with the help of the acquired knowledge, it is possible to prevent the degradation of one of the most promising branches of international business. The article examines the influence of factors on the sustainable development of the tourism industry, economic studies of the potential opportunities of this industry within the general strategy of the socio-economic development of the world in general and Ukraine in particular.

Spatiotemporal influencing factors of energy efficiency in 43 european countries: A spatial econometric analysis

The increase in consumption and the increase in the use of resources linked to increasing human activity puts both energy security and sustainability at risk, which has led to a global restructuring of the policy agenda to ensure and integrate environmental well-being through channels such as energy efficiency (EE). Bearing this in mind, the objective of this research is to analyze the relationship between energy efficiency, renewable energy and financial development? For this reason, an analysis is conducted, which includes energy intensity measured by the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per unit of energy use as a measure of efficiency for 43 European countries (period 1990–2019). The objective is to observewhether the use of renewable energy and the investments being made are driving economies towards higher EE and sustainable economic growth. The present study leverages on spatial econometrics models, which allow for the analysis of spillovers between economies. The results obtained allow us to observe the existence of spatial autocorrelation of EE between countries in Europe. Secondly, it is observed that the use of renewable energies promotes EE in neighbouring economies, as well as in the return effect. On the other hand, financial development shows that only the institutional component favours EE by generating a return effect on the economy itself, while the stock market component deteriorates the EE of neighbouring economies and on the same economy. Therefore, the analyzed data shows that the use of renewable energies promotes the improvement of EE and that being close to countries that replace the use of traditional energies with alternative sources has a positive effect on national EE. These mechanisms would allow policy makers to develop mechanisms for greener and more sustainable development, while encouraging efficient energy use.

Конкурентные преимущества пространственного развития России в контексте ESG-повестки и трансформации собственности

The economic strategy and prospects for the socio-economic recovery of Russian regions are largely determined by the priorities and sequence of key goals of the country’s spatial development, modern trends in the development of the world economy. The purpose of this article is to identify the complex and contradictory impact of the global restructuring of the world economy on the prospects for the formation of innovative ecosystems in Russian regions. The tasks solved within the framework of the study are to establish current trends in global transformations and develop proposals for the formation of approaches and scenarios for the spatial development of Russian regions. A new stage of world development is associated with the restructuring of the existing system of economic relations and economic relations, determined by the modification of property relations. The paradigm shift allows us to consider the activities of companies not only from the perspective of economic performance, but also from the perspective of impact on nature and society. The main methods of solving the problems posed were empirical methods of comparative and structural analysis, the use of systematic and scenario approaches to regional development, taking into account the ESG agenda. In the course of the study, industrial areas that are part of the Siberian Federal District of the Russian Federation were analyzed. The results of the analysis allowed us to conclude that the ESG concept creates additional restrictions for almost all branches of Russian industry. This made it possible to determine the strategic role of high-tech and knowledge-intensive enterprises in the studied regions as the basic development structures for the target industry segments of the national economy. The novelty of the work lies in the proposed measures that will allow regional, local and corporate governance to adapt to the changes taking place, adjust existing models and tools in accordance with existing experience and traditions.

Race and place-making in the rural Global North

Rural places in the Global North are transforming. Geographies of capital accumulation and distribution, environmental catastrophe, the global restructuring of food production, and state-based resettlement policies for people from migrant and humanitarian refugee backgrounds have reconfigured the social and economic landscapes of the rural Global North. Through these transformations, race figures in ways that are both profound and often elided within contemporary theorising of rural places. In this Introduction to the Special Issue, Race and Place-making in the Rural Global North, we attend explicitly to the intersecting logics and practices of race and place-making in an attempt to build upon and extend previous important existing interventions within rural studies. Influential approaches to rural diversity, we argue—including ‘rural cosmopolitanism’—too often fail to disrupt the taken-for-grantedness of rural places as already-made-as-white, and do not sufficiently account for the colonial and imperial foundations of rural places in the Global North. Seeking to centre attention to race and coloniality in more explicit ways, we offer a conceptualisation of contemporary rural place-making in terms of three key modalities: practice, relation, and aesthetic. Through these, we argue for a double move in rural studies' engagement with race and rural diversity. This involves, firstly, a critical move towards interrogating whiteness as a force of power and inequality in rural places; and secondly a move away from whiteness in order to centre Indigenous, Black and Brown rural lifeworlds in their own terms.

Mediating the Social: The Excesses of Racial Representation within (Trans)formative Digital Space

In this essay, I explore what Gray (2015) calls “the excesses of representation” that reproduce race and gender across proliferating digital platforms. I traverse the digital in tracking and tracing viral inequality, data surveillance, and moderation. Does the term “social media,” as a redundant term, accurately describe the processes of algorithmic amplification by which representational excesses get diffused and made legible? That is to say, do “social media” constitute formative spaces that produce social affect, or do they constitute transparent spaces that mediate affect? This entails addressing how digital socialization of amplified racial and gendered performances occupies a different ethical ground than the ostensibly neutral ethics that mediatization might claim. The claim of media neutrality therefore makes room for the “excessive” reproduction of “objective” racial and gendered caste categories that allow for possible objections to taking responsibility for the global restructuring of social affect. This article addresses these questions, with a particular focus on how and why large social media companies claim the social as platforms not as publishers while denying their de facto identities as Fifth Estate media institutions subsuming and eclipsing Fourth Estate Power. I situate engagement with Herman Gray and Sarah T. Roberts’s texts to interrogate ideas of transparency, moderation, and digital subjectivity, and their much-deserved denouements, to examine whether the mediated spaces of social media constitute transparent, objective sites for communicating social affect, or in fact actively produce reproduce social affect. Ultimately, I argue that the excesses of representation show the latter to be true: social media are not transparent spaces, but actively reproduce social affect. Despite premature declarations heralding their respective epochal demises, history, race, and truth remain contested sites of durable significance.

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Abstract. Introduction. The article reveals the essence of economic security of the state, which is the most important among other components of national security, since it constitutes the material basis of the entire state system and reflects the key interests of society. The purpose of the scientific article is to study the challenges and threats that exist in the modern globalized world and in Ukraine. Purpose. Currently, the issue of economic security is gaining relevance due to rather contradictory tendencies and events that have become actualized in the context of the global crisis and the aggravation of crisis phenomena within the country. Therefore, the issues of transformation of threat sources, strengthening of the influence of non-economic factors on the economic sphere requires a radical rethinking. Results. One of the biggest threats that led to economic fluctuations in 2020 and created a global crisis was the COVID19 pandemic. The crisis led to a break of the usual and stable trajectory of development at the macro and micro levels. The forced implementation of quarantine restrictions transformed the model of behavior of economic entities and the way of life of society. Russia's full-scale war against Ukraine led to a deep crisis, became one of the dominant challenges and threats to economic security for the world economy and for Ukraine, it will have far-reaching consequences. The global economic crisis, caused by non-economic factors - global restructuring of the economic system, COVID-19 pandemic, russia�s full-scale war against Ukraine - led to a deep crisis, forcing us to think about the issue of forming a new concept of economic security. The article analyzes the ways to ensure the strengthening of the economic security of the state. Proved that overcoming the existing situation is possible only due to the sustainable development of indexes of labor productivity, product quality, competitiveness and active participation of the state. Conclusions. There is a clear understanding of the fact that overcoming a crisis of any level is impossible without the steady support of the world community. It becomes obvious that the national interests of Ukraine correspond to the steady development of the national economy, the integration of Ukraine into the European economic area, the development of equal and mutually beneficial economic cooperation with other states.

The role of chaebol in the development of the economy of South Korea

The article describes the specifics of the relationship between the state and big corporations (chaebol). There are analyzed the economic changes of the Republic of Korea, related to the world economy globalization and scientific and technical revolution. Many aspects of this global restructuring of the economy have their own history. The relationship between the state and large chaebol corporations played a significant role in these changes.Special attention in the article is focused on the analysis of the relations system between the state and large enterprises in the Republic of Korea during the period 1960-1980 and the transformation of the relations at the beginning of the 21st century. The influence of geopolitical and economic factors on its functioning is established. The important historical stages of development of the South Korean economy are analyzed. Important factors and preconditions that have contributed to the transformation of South Korea into one of the most developed countries in the world have been investigated. The dynamics of the development of the Korean economy and ways to overcome the crisis situations that arose during the history of the state development were analyzed.There were quite a lot of difficulties in the relations between the state and the chaebols, but the timely response to the changes of the world economy has borne fruit. It should be noted that the state and the chaebol have repeatedly reformed their relations and found consensus. As a result, such corporations as Hyundai, Samsung, LG, Hesong and others moved to the category of multinational companies (TNCs). Large corporations and business groups in different parts of the world differ among themselves in a number of economic, political and socio-cultural features, but the relationship between the state and the chaebols in the Republic of Korea deserves special attention from developing countries.

Stochastic simulated annealing for directed feedback vertex set

The minimum feedback vertex set problem consists in finding the minimum set of vertices that should be removed in order to make the graph acyclic. This is a well known NP-hard optimization problem with applications in various fields, such as VLSI chip design, bioinformatics and transaction processing. In this paper, we explore the complementary problem in directed graphs, i.e., how to construct the maximum directed acyclic graph (max-DAG). We show that the max-DAG problem is Poly-APX complete, which implies that even trying to obtain approximation algorithms for this problems is likely to be unfeasible. In light of these considerations, we introduce a new algorithmic solution, based on Simulated Annealing (SA), which combines techniques such as kernelization, efficient data-structures, novel heuristics to initialize the search process, a global re-structuring procedure, and a neighbor re-ordering technique to speed-up the local search step. We present an extensive experimental study that validates the key design and implementation choices undertaken in our proposal and compares it to state of the art SA-based solutions Galinier et al. (2013) and Tang et al. (2017). The proposed algorithm provides significant performance gains by obtaining feedback vertex sets up to 13.3× closer to the optimal solution in a wide variety of synthetic and real-world graphs.

Dynamic analysis of Istanbul office markets with highest demand and office rent

From the 1980s onwards, restructuring of economy and globalization has increased the size and number of companies in Istanbul and demand for modern office space which cannot be provided in the old CBD due to construction restrictions. Thus, multi-center development has started in the city in order to answer to the growing demand for modern office markets. The present study investigated the growth and decline of office rents in office markets which have highest demand and office rents. According to the results of the study, while office rents in the office markets with growth potential have increased, that of the markets with supply increased dramatically between 2011 and 2016. On the other hand, while office rents in all of the office markets were sharply declined in 2021 due to devaluation of Turkish Lira against USD. Although the pandemic has made Work from Home (WFH) and Hybrid working models a global trend, A class office demand stayed strong due to well-being requirements on office area. Thus, it is expected to have a positive impact on the economy of the city.