Global Positioning System Tracking System Research Articles

Live Location Sharing System (L2S2): Empowering Management of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Operations

Transparency and confidence-building measures in Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) operations continue to be important topics of discussion in various contexts. Transparency helps build trust and alleviate concerns about the use of UAS, especially in sensitive areas or situations where privacy and security are paramount. Meanwhile, confidence-building measures aim to establish trust and mitigate potential risks associated with UAS operations, particularly in complex UAS operations involving multiple teams. These measures include implementing systems that enable the identification and tracking of UAS operations activities that can be achieved through technologies such as global positioning system (GPS)-based tracking systems. Although there are several UAS operations GPS-based management systems available in the market, it requires a certain initial investment cost that creates a barrier for some parties, particularly smaller organisations or those with limited budgets. Therefore, in this study, we have developed a web-based application called as Live Location Sharing System (L2S2) by leveraging the capabilities of Traccar, a free and open-source GPS tracking system. Through this system, the movement activities of the Malaysian Space Agency (MYSA) UAS operation teams can be monitored in real-time by the mission commander, which has finally empowered the management of UAS operations as a whole.

MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY SYSTEM BASED MIKROKONTROLLER ATmega328 USE SMS GATE WAY AND MODUL GPS

<p><em>Motorcycle theft cases are increasing lately. However, the level of successful case disclosure by the police is classified as minimal. One of the reasons is the difficulty of the investigating team to locate the stolen vehicle. One solution that can be done is to install a tracker on a motorcycle. With the development of technology, we can use GPS devices as a</em><em></em><em> tool to track vehicles from theft. The general objective of this research is to reduce the crime rate of motorcycle theft that currently occurs in Indonesia. The specific design objectives are: (1). Facilitate the security apparatus (2). Eliminate public anxiety about motorbike theft cases. For that we need a better security system as a safety for motor vehicles. This tool is equipped with features or services that support services on motorbikes, namely: SMS / SMS Gateway/ SIM800L Module, ATMega328 Microcontroller, GPS (Global Positioning System) Module, and other supporting devices. This tool is connected to an Android device with a GPS tracking system by showing the location of the missing motor vehicle. It is hoped that this security system design can increase the level of security and reduce cases of theft in motor vehicles. This system has also been tested on motorbikes with good results.</em></p>

GPS tracking system for autonomous vehicles

This paper presents a proposed design of a mechatronics system for autonomous vehicles. The proposed design is able to memorize a route based on Global Positioning System (GPS) rather than using pre-saved maps that are infrequently updated and do not include all roads of all countries. Moreover, it can autonomously avoid obstacles and detect bumps. Experimental tests are conducted using a small-scale car equipped with the proposed mechatronics system. The results show that the proposed system operates with minor errors and slips. The proposed autonomous vehicle can serve normal, disabled, and elderly people. It can be used on roads and even inside facilities like campuses, airports, and factories to transport passengers or loads thus reducing workmanship and costs.

Metabolic Power Method: Underestimation of Energy Expenditure in Field-Sport Movements Using a Global Positioning System Tracking System.

The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of a global positioning system (GPS) tracking system to estimate energy expenditure (EE) during exercise and field-sport locomotor movements. Twenty-seven participants each completed a 90-min exercise session on an outdoor synthetic futsal pitch. During the exercise session, they wore a 5-Hz GPS unit interpolated to 15 Hz and a portable gas analyzer that acted as the criterion measure of EE. The exercise session was composed of alternating 5-minute exercise bouts of randomized walking, jogging, running, or a field-sport circuit (×3) followed by 10 min of recovery. One-way analysis of variance showed significant (P < .01) and very large underestimations between GPS metabolic power- derived EE and oxygen-consumption (VO2) -derived EE for all field-sport circuits (% difference ≈ -44%). No differences in EE were observed for the jog (7.8%) and run (4.8%), whereas very large overestimations were found for the walk (43.0%). The GPS metabolic power EE over the entire 90-min session was significantly lower (P < .01) than the VO2 EE, resulting in a moderate underestimation overall (-19%). The results of this study suggest that a GPS tracking system using the metabolic power model of EE does not accurately estimate EE in field-sport movements or over an exercise session consisting of mixed locomotor activities interspersed with recovery periods; however, is it able to provide a reasonably accurate estimation of EE during continuous jogging and running.

A study on Security within public transit vehicles

In public transit vehicles, security is the major concern for the passengers. Surveillance Systems provide the security by providing surveillance cameras in the vehicles and a storage that maintains the data. The applications that allow monitoring the data in surveillance systems of public transit vehicles will provide different features to access the video and allow to perform number of operations like exporting video, generating snapshots at a particular time, viewing the live as well as playback videos. This paper studies automation process of video surveillance system that can also be applied in the surveillance system of public transit vehicles. A new feature that enhances the security to the passengers such as tracking of vehicle through the GPS (Global positioning system) tracking system and also capability of providing the vehicle information like acceleration, speed, on the user interface of application to the user.

Automatic Camera Calibration and Rectification Methods

The Global Positioning System (GPS) system is popularly used in an outdoor environment. A GPS tracking system usually displays the location of a moving object on a digital map. It is difficult to realize its actual situation without visual information. Therefore, cameras are incorporated with a GPS in order to provide a new GPS-based visual tracking service (GPS-VT). The tracking of an object with a GPS receiver can be performed not only on the digital map but also on the real-time camera image. GPS-VT was proposed in our previous study. It relies on the camera calibration for the transformation from a GPS coordinate to the coordinate on the camera image. Five point correspondences, i.e., a GPS coordinate and its corresponding image coordinate, must be established to generate the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of the camera needed for coordinate transformation. There are two drawbacks in calibrating a camera. One is the difficulty in establishing five point correspondences manually for an uncalibrated camera. The other is the inconvenience of recalibrating a calibrated camera after adjusting its field-of-view (FOV). In this paper, an automatic calibration method and a rectification method are proposed to overcome separately the above-mentioned drawbacks. For an uncalibrated camera, the GPS moving vectors of the operator are matched with those moving vectors of objects in the camera image to locate the operator. The operator simply walks to five different locations and the point correspondences can be established automatically. For the rectification of a calibrated camera, two sets of feature points are extracted separately from the images before and after the adjustment of the FOV. The correlations of feature points of two images are analyzed by using a normal cross correlation (NCC) method to obtain the offsets of the adjustment in x and y directions. The offsets are used to rectify the image coordinate transformed from the GPS coordinate. Two experiments were also designed for both methods separately. For an uncalibrated camera, the locating errors are estimated and compared for the five point correspondences that are established manually or automatically. The difference in locating errors of manual and automatic calibration only totalled 2.6 pixels. The results show that the accuracy of the automatic calibration method is almost the same as that of the manual calibration. For the rectification of a calibrated camera, the differences in locating errors are estimated for various adjustment offsets in x and y directions. The errors of the proposed method totalled less than five pixels for the adjustment up to 200 pixels, without recalibrating the camera. The tests show that the result of the rectification method is close to that of manual calibration. Therefore, the two proposed methods overcome the problems of using the GPS-VT in an actual environment.

A Novel Visual Tracking Approach Incorporating Global Positioning System in a Ubiquitous Camera Environment

Global Positioning System (GPS) is popularly used in object tracking. Current GPS tracking system is mainly based on a digital map of a GIS (geographic information system) and marks the location of an object on the map. However, it is insufficient to perceive the situation of the object. On the other hand, the deployment of cameras is toward a ubiquitous camera (UbiCam) environment, especially in the urban area. If GPS can be incorporated with UbiCam environment, the visual information acquired from a camera is useful to improve the problem of current GPS tracking systems. Therefore, an approach called GODTA (GPS-based Object Detection and Tracking Approach) is proposed in this paper. GODTA is mainly based on the coordinate transformation method. The transformation is according to the parameters computed from a set of five calibration points. If the transformed image coordinate is within the rectangle range of the camera image, it means the object is within the FOV (field-of-view) of the camera, and then the object can be labeled on the image. Two experiments, fixed position and continuous tracking, were also designed to evaluate the performance of GODTA. The lowest average locating error ( LE ) of the transformed image coordinate is 42 and 38 pixels, respectively. The results show that GODTA is feasible for fulfilling GPS-based visual tracking service and incorporates GPS system and UbiCam environment successfully.