Global Positioning System Module Research Articles

GPS Based Technology for Women Safety During Panic and Insecurity

In our Country, even though it has super power and an economic development, but still there are many crimes against women. The atrocities against the women can be brought to an end with the help of device, specially designed for women in distress. women are facing problems like harassment. We propose to have a device which is the integration of multiple devices, hardware comprises of a wearable device that endlessly communicates with sensible phone that has access to the web. The device consists of trigger button, GPS module(Neo-6M), Switch, soil moisture sensor(continuity purpose), Buzzer, esp32 microcontroller, LCD display. In this project, when a woman senses danger she has to press the button of the device. Once the device is activated, it tracks the current location using GPS (Global Positioning System)and wifi is connected then it stors data in the google fire base from that it send stored data to the mobile App. From the app the user get notification and he/she can use that devise by pressing the switch. buzzer is used as an alarm to alert the nearby people so that they may understand that someone is in need.

Vehicle Tracking System Based on Internet of Things Utilizing TTGO T-CALL ESP32 SIM800l

Nowadays, cases of stolen vehicles are increasing rapidly, particularly in urban areas. The stolen vehicle is difficult for the owner to trace since the GPS system is rarely used due to its expensive cost. Thus, the purpose of this research is to analyze the accuracy of the real-time monitoring provided by the Blynk application using information obtained from GPS modules and to design a simple and compact smart vehicle monitoring anti-theft system utilizing the TTGO T-CALL ESP32 SIM800l with the Blynk application. Next, a tracking system is configured and developed by utilizing the Arduino IDE software to flash the code into the microcontroller and the Internet of Things platform as the connectivity to the Blynk App. Furthermore, the usability and functionality of the Global Positioning System (GPS) and TTGO T-CALL ESP32 SIM800l are essential in determining the vehicle's location. The use of TTGO T-CALL ESP32 SIM800l is to make the device more compact than previous research. The data has been obtained using a comparison of two microcontrollers; TTGO T-Call ESP32 SIM800l and the Arduino Mega connected to the GSM SIM800l. The data will be analyzed under two different parameters; the accuracy of altitude and speed. It can be seen that the TTGO T-Call ESP32 SIM800l has a lower percentage of latitude and longitude errors. It also has great performance in terms of speed accuracy, which is 88.5%.

Design and Implementation of Baggage Tracking System using Arduino Uno

Missing baggage, luggage theft, and damage to traveller’s belongings are persistent challenges in the aviation and transportation industries worldwide. In response, an IoT-based baggage tracking system has been designed and implemented to address these issues. The system integrates a GSM/GPS module for continuous connectivity and an Arduino microcontroller for data processing. It enables real-time tracking of luggage location on a map, facilitated by the GPS (Global positioning system) module retrieving coordinates and sending them to the microcontroller. The processed information is then transmitted via SMS (short message service) through the GSM (Global system for mobile communication) module, allowing passengers to monitor their baggage's whereabouts remotely. Implementation of this system promises to alleviate stress for both passengers and the aviation industry by reducing incidents of lost, misplaced, or stolen luggage.

Vehicle Theft Detection and Locking System using GSM and GPS

A vehicle tracking system is very useful for tracking the movement of a vehicle from any location at any time. An efficient vehicle tracking system is designed and implemented for tracking the movement of any equipped vehicle from any location at any time. The proposed system made good use of popular technology that combines a smartphone with an Arduino UNO. This easy to make and inexpensive compared to others. The designed in vehicle device works using Global Positioning System (GPS) and Global System for Mobile Communication(GSM) technology that is one of the most common ways for vehicle tracking. The device is embedded inside a vehicle those positions is to be determined and tracked in real time. A vehicle tracking system is an electronic device installed in a vehicle to enable the owner or a third party to track the vehicle's location. This paper proposed to design a vehicle tracking system that works using GPS and GSM technology, which would be the cheapest source of vehicle tracking and it would work as anti-theft system. It is an embedded system which is used for tracking and positioning of any vehicle by using Global Positioning System (GPS) and Global system for mobile communication (GSM). An Arduino UNO is used to control the GPS receiver and GSM module. The vehicle tracking system uses the GPS module to get geographic coordinates at regular time interval. The GSM module is used to transmit andupdate the vehicle location to a database. This paper gives minute by minute update about vehicle location by sending SMS through GSM modem. This SMS contain latitude and longitude of the location of vehicle. Arduino UNO gets the coordinates from GPS modem and then it sends this information to user in text SMS. GSM modem is used to send this information via SMS sent to the owner of the vehicle. Location is displayed on LCD. And then Google map displays location and name of the place on cell phone. Thus, user able to continuously monitor a moving vehicle on demand using smartphone and determine the estimated distance and time for the vehicle to arrive at a given destination

Real-time forest fire detection, monitoring, and alert system using Arduino

<div align="center"><span>Early fire detection is critical to protecting forests from wildfires and enabling rapid responses to minimize fire spread. Existing forest fire detection methods cannot quickly detect forest fires and evaluate the fire risk of these sensitive areas. Hence, this research aims to develop a real-time forest fire detection, monitoring, and alert system. The development of the</span><span> system started with assembling temperature and humidity sensors, a smoke sensor, an Arduino microcontroller, and a wireless fidelity module. Then, a fire monitoring and alert system was developed using Blynk. From the sensitivity flame sensor analysis with the fire, the flame sensor detected the <span>presence of fire up to 60 cm. The sensor also indicated high temperature (45 °C)</span> and low humidity (53.4%) at noon. Low temperature (29 ℃) and high humidity (88.4%) were identified in the morning. Moreover, the highest carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) concentration of 1,800 ppm was recorded when the smoke from the fire was detected. The global positioning system module shows the accurate real-time location of the system displayed in the Blynk application. In conclusion, this system can detect and monitor early forest fires in real-time and can alert the authorities to protect forests from wildfires.</span></div>

A customized drone for ocean and atmospheric measurements and its performances

Drones- Unmanned Aerial vehicles (UAVs)- have become more significant across the world for a wide range of commercial and terrestrial defense applications in recent years. The National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT)- Ministry of Earth Sciences (MOES)- is exploring UAVs with a specific focus on maritime applications. NIOT has customized a heavy lift category drone, operable in marine environments and capable of withstanding coastal wind conditions of up to 40 kmph. It can lift and carry an instrumentation payload of 10 kg, conduct ocean data collection, and even take seawater samplings. The 10 kg payload of the UAV might hold a Conductivity Temperature Depth (CTD) sensor, a programmable sea water sampler, and a multi-parameter sensor (MPS) for ocean data collections, and a Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) device integrated with a high frame rate camera system for coastal mapping and digital elevation model (DEM) developmental applications. The customized hexacopter UAV is capable of withstanding winds of up to 10 m/s and features a waterproof IPX7 thruster with a maximum thrust of 153 N per axis. The UAV system is also interfaced with a Global Positioning System (GPS), a barometric pressure sensor, a compass, a highly accurate gyroscope, a 15 MP surveillance camera, and an accelerometer sensor connected to a reliable cube orange flight controller module with a redundant 32-bit controller through a serial peripheral interface (SPI). The drone structure and frame is composed of carbon fiber composites to provide an excellent weight-to-strength ratio. This paper presents the outcomes of an initial field test, carried out to ensure the drone’s suitability for various marine applications with intended payloads ranging from 5 - 10 kg weight, including coastal demonstrations and ocean data collections performed at Nellore (Andra Pradesh) and Chennai (Tamil Nadu) coastal waters. Highlights A drone is customised to with stand elevated wind conditions of coastal regions Design is fully flexible meeting the ease of transport from one location to other Highly stable mechanical design to sustain winds of up to 45 KMPH Redundant flight control mechanism is evolved to assure fail safe operations of drone Drone built in with redundant GPS module to avoid scenario like NO Geo-reference at any time Design is type certified and UIN registered with DGCA - India

A walking energy harvesting device based on miniature water turbine

The rapid development of wearable electronics highlights the urgence to develop the portable energy harvester with excellent output performance, comfortability, and sustainability. This work designs an electromagnetic walking energy harvester based on water turbine that can be embedded in shoes with good comfortability. Its working principle is that the walking generated pressure energy drives a miniature hydraulic turbine to output electricity. Experimental results show that an average power of 300 and 180 mW can be produced at heel and toe, respectively, when a man of 80 kg walks at a speed of 1.8 m s−1. This power output exceeds the piezoelectric, triboelectric, and electromagnetic walking energy harvesters reported in the past. Additionally, the simpler structure endows it better comfortability as compared with the electrostatic capacitances. Computational fluid dynamics simulations provide a further insight that the efficiency of turbine can reach 13.5% by optimizing parameters of blade number and outlet flow ratio. Finally, user real-time positioning and trajectory recording are successfully demonstrated via a wearable GPS means Global Positioning System module powered by the harvester. Due to the combination of high output performance, simple structure and low discomfort, the water turbine based walking energy harvester will provide a wide application potential in wearable devices.

Remote Theft Alert With Car Engine Shutdown

The Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) and the Global Positioning System (GPS) are two innovative approaches to vehicle intrusion and theft control system design and development that are presented in this article. One of the unique components of the suggested system is its use of GSM technology. The vehicle's position is tracked using a GPS module called the Holux GR89, and analogue data is continually collected using Mercury switches. If there is an incursion, changes in the sensor readings will be noticed. The microcontroller continuously gathers sensor readings, and based on those readings, a decision is made regarding whether or not an intrusion has occurred. If an intrusion occurs, a message from a predefined set of messages is generated to the vehicle's owner, who then has the option to respond via SMS to lock the vehicle's gears or seize the engine from a distance. The vehicle's engine and gearbox are managed by a relay that interfaces with the microprocessor. A system prototype was constructed and evaluated. The outcomes were really promising and favourable.

Development of Qiblat Finder Assisted Device for Visual and Hearing-Impaired Person

For the visual and hearing-impaired person, finding intended direction would be a challenging task due to their inability to sense effectively with their eyes and ears. This study aims to develop a prototype development of a smart qiblat finder to help disabled people finding direction anywhere independently. This smart qiblat finder are developed by using Arduino UNO as microcontroller, compass sensor and Global Positioning System (GPS). To determine the qibla direction, latitude and longitude data form by GPS module while the compass module used to show the qibla direction. As for the positioning of the qibla, the prototype can detect qibla at range 291° until 293° angle to match the place of data collection. Once detected, indicators (buzzer, vibration motor and LEDs) will alert the user with continuous sound, vibrations and lighting sequences. The prototype was tested indoor and outdoor at few locations in university campus and Seksyen 7 Shah Alam Mosque. The result showed high accuracy (99.3% to 100%) in detecting the direction of qibla and successfully alerted the user through buzzer sound and vibration and LED.

Reinforcement learning based UAV formation control in GPS-denied environment

Highly accurate positioning is a crucial prerequisite of multi Unmanned Aerial Vehicle close-formation flight for target tracking, formation keeping, and collision avoidance. Although the position of a UAV can be obtained through the Global Positioning System (GPS), it is difficult for a UAV to obtain highly accurate positioning data in a GPS-denied environment (e.g., a GPS jamming area, suburb, urban canyon, or mountain area); this may cause it to miss a tracking target or collide with another UAV. In particular, UAV close-formation control in GPS-denied environments faces difficulties owing to the low-accuracy position, close distance between vehicles, and nonholonomic dynamics of a UAV. In this paper, on the one hand, we develop an innovative UAV formation localization method to address the formation localization issues in GPS-denied environments; on the other hand, we design a novel reinforcement learning based algorithm to achieve the high-efficiency and robust performance of the controller. First, a novel Lidar-based localization algorithm is developed to measure the localization of each aircraft in the formation flight. In our solution, each UAV is equipped with Lidar as the position measurement sensor instead of the GPS module. The k-means algorithm is implemented to calculate the center point position of UAV. A novel formation position vector matching method is proposed to match center points with UAVs in the formation and estimate their position information. Second, a reinforcement learning based UAV formation control algorithm is developed by selecting the optimal policy to control UAV swarm to start and keep flying in a close formation of a specific geometry. Third, the innovative collision risk evaluation module is proposed to address the collision-free issues in the formation group. Finally, a novel experience replay method is also provided in this paper to enhance the learning efficiency. Experimental results validate the accuracy, effectiveness, and robustness of the proposed scheme.

Accident Detection and Alert System Using IoT

Accidents have recently emerged as a major source of concern for humans. Due to a lack of information about the location, magnitude of the accident (or) other issues, some victims cannot be rescued by the response team, which may be an ambulance or police. Many technologies were developed, however they were unable to overcome the problem. However, this project will provide clarification on how to overcome this hurdle. A central system is employed in this project, to which a vibrator sensor, GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications), and GPS modules are attached. To prevent detecting errors, numerous sensors are strategically distributed throughout the vehicle. After an accident takes place the vibrator sensor becomes active, and GPS (Global Positioning System) is engaged with the assistance of the central system GSM ( Global System for Mobiles ). Immediately, alert messages will be handed down to the response teams, outlining the live location and severity of the accident

Sensor based traffic signal pre-emption for emergency vehicles using efficient short-range communication network

Roads are becoming increasingly congested due to urbanization and the increased use of private vehicles. As a result, emergency vehicles like ambulances, police cars, and fire trucks get stuck in traffic and take longer to get where they're going, which may cause risk, damage to property, and losing valuable lives. The acoustic-based pre-emption technology uses the EV's siren to alert oncoming cars. Therefore, acoustic reflection from a building or other large container vehicle might cause a fall. This paper implements a vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication system that anticipates traffic signals using Global Positioning System (GPS) and Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC). Line of sight (LOS) is not required when choosing the desired range of DSRC communication, and the traffic signal unit receives pre-emption messages anytime an emergency vehicle is nearby. Thus, these messages cause the traffic light to turn green for the emergency vehicle instead of operating normally. As a result, this type of system necessitates two hardware modules, one at each vehicle On-Board-Unit (OBU) and one at each intersection Road-Side-Unit (RSU), as well as the Decision Support System i.e., Traffic Management Controller (TMC). In the hardware OBU and RSU, the IMX-6 Processor, GPS Module, and DSRC transmitter and receivers are used. The Emergency Vehicle (EV) equipped with the OBU transmits requests to the intersection unit, which is fully autonomous and can be employed as a component of the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS), negating the need for a driver in this method.

Location Monitoring System for Sailboats by GPS Using GSM/GPRS Technology

A monitoring and locating system for sailboats is developed using General Packet Radio Service/Global System for Mobile Communications (GPRS/GSM) and Global Positioning System (GPS) technology. The implemented prototype can track the location of sailboats that do not go out more than 10 kilometers into the sea. The system uses a GPS module to obtain the boat’s coordinates; it has a sensing station: environmental temperature, humidity, barometric pressure, and the angular movement of the ship. A Structured Query Language (SQL) database has been implemented to store data received via AVR-GPRS. System monitoring tests were carried out over a 24km route onboard a sailboat, obtaining its location during the entire course along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of Mexico.

Design and Implementation of Vehicle Tracking System with GPS

Abstract: An efficient vehicle tracking system is designed and implemented for tracking the movement of any equipped vehicle from any location at any time. The proposed system made good use of a popular technology that combines a Smartphone application with a microcontroller. This will be easy to make and inexpensive compared to others. The designed in-vehicle device works using Global Positioning System (GPS) and Global system for mobile communication / General Packet Radio Service (GSM/GPRS) technology that is one of the most common ways for vehicle tracking. The device is embedded inside a vehicle whose position is to be determined and tracked in real-time. A microcontroller is used to control the GPS and GSM/GPRS modules. The vehicle tracking system uses the GPS module to get geographic coordinates at regular time intervals. The GSM/GPRS module is used to transmit and update the vehicle location to a database. A Smartphone application is also developed for continuously monitoring the vehicle location. The Google Maps API is used to display the vehicle on the map in the Smartphone application. Thus, users will be able to continuously monitor a moving vehicle on demand using the Smartphone application and determine the estimated distance and time for the vehicle to arrive at a given destination

"IoT-Based Vehicle Monitoring and Driver Assistance System Framework for Safety and Smart Fleet Management"

Curbing road accidents havealways been one of the utmost priority of nations worldwide. In Malaysia, the Traffic Investigation and Enforcement Department reported that Malaysia’s total number of road accidents haveincreased from 373,071 to 533,875 in the last decade. One of the significant causes of road accidentsis the driver’s behaviors. However, to regulate drivers’ behavior by the enforcement team or fleet operatorsischallenging, especially for heavy vehicles. In our research, we have proposed the Internet of Things (IoT) scalability framework and its’ emerging technologies to monitor and alert driver’s behavioral and driving patterns to reduceroad accidents. To prove this work, we have implementeda lane tracking,and iris detection algorithm, to monitor and alert the driver’s behavior when the vehicle sways away from the lane, and to detect if the driver is feeling drowsy. We implemented electronic devices such as cameras, a global positioning system module, a global system communication module, and a microcontroller as the hardware for an intelligent system in the vehicle. We also appliedface recognition for person identification using the same in-vehicle camera and recorded the working duration for authentication and operation health monitoring. With the GPS module, we monitored and alerted against permissible vehicle’s speed accordingly. We integrated IoT on the system for the fleet centre to monitor and alert the driver’s behavioral activities in real-time through the user access portal. We have validated it successfully on Malaysian roads. The outcome of this pilot project ensuresthe safety of drivers, public road users, and passengers. The impact of this framework leads to a new regulation by the government agencies towards merit and demerit system, real-time fleet monitoring of intelligent transportation systems, and socio-economy such as cheaper health premiums. The big data can be used to predict the driver’s behavioral in the future.

Child Safety Monitoring System Based on IoT

Nowadays human trafficking is threatening society more often around the world. Our main idea of this paper is to consider the safety parameters of children. This system is built with the Internet of Things. IoT has become a fast-growing technology, therefore we could even operate anything wireless via the internet. Due to the abuses, the emotional and mental stability of the children gets affected which in turn ruins their careers and future. The use high defined modules and costlier microcontrollers are used widely. This prototype will alert the parents regarding their child’s inabilities during their hard times. In our nation, children are the most precious resources as they are imminent of the country. The parents always look forward to having their children in a safeguarded place where they can make their time without any complication. Unluckily children are threatened. The violation has been growing increasingly. The security of graduate school-going youngsters is a noteworthy constituent motivated to proceed along with the assistance of innovative advancement. During children’s transit to and from school, there are many miserable cases observed in the media. In our nation, due to the absence of preventative considerations children seem to be nowhere to be found and later end up in the trouble. In this paper the main objective is to design a child safety system through smartphones that provide the possibility to trace a child's location as well as during emergency children can alert parents by saying child in an emergency via message. This paper explains the use of ESP 32 microcontroller, Global Positioning System module, Global system for mobile communication module, Heart Sensor, and Temperature Sensor. Key Words: ESP 32, IR Pulse Sensor, ESP8266, Accelerometer Sensor, Child Monitoring, journals

Cost-effective and user-friendly vehicle tracking system using GPS and GSM technology based on IoT

<span>Security <span>is very apart important for vehicles to prevent the injury as vehicle theft is very common phenomenon now a days. We can ensure the security of our vehicles via monitoring our vehicles 24/7. There are many possible ways to track a vehicle. A few groups do not concern about the users need. Our research is about the tracking vehicle according to user’s demand. We are concerning on low budget, better geographic coordinate and easy user access. The system needs global positioning system (GPS) and global system for mobile telecommunications (GSM) technology. User can access the system by short message service (SMS) on a mobile phone. GSM module communicate with the user and GPS module communicate with satellite to get latitude and longitude coordinate. Location of vehicle's on earth is determined using Google Maps</span>.</span>

Raspberry Pi Reflector (RPR): A Low‐Cost Water‐Level Monitoring System Based on GNSS Interferometric Reflectometry

AbstractAlthough reflectometry is not the primary application of Global Positioning System (GPS) and similar Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), fast‐growing GNSS tracking networks has led to the emergence of GNSS interferometric reflectometry technique for monitoring surface changes such as water level. However, scientific‐grade or geodetic GNSS instruments are expensive, which is a limiting factor for their prompt and more widespread deployment as a dedicated environmental sensor. We present a prototype called Raspberry Pi Reflector (RPR) that includes a low‐cost and low‐maintenance single‐frequency GPS module and a navigation antenna connected to an inexpensive Raspberry Pi microcomputer. A unit has been successfully operating for almost 2 years since March 2020 in Wesel (Germany) next to the Rhine river. Sub‐daily and daily water levels are retrieved using spectral analysis of reflection data. The river level measurements from RPR are compared with a co‐located river gauge. We find an Root‐Mean‐Square Error (RMSE) of 7.6 cm in sub‐daily estimates and 6 cm in daily means of river level. In August 2021, we changed the antenna orientation from upright to sideways facing the river. The RMSE reduced to 3 cm (sub‐daily) and 1.5 cm (daily) with the new orientation. While satellite radar altimetry techniques have been utilized to monitor water levels with global coverage, their measurements are associated with moderate uncertainties and temporal resolution. Therefore, such low‐cost and high‐precision instruments can be paired with satellite data for calibrating, validating and modeling purposes. These instruments are financially (<US$ 150 as of November 2021) and technically accessible worldwide.

Electromagnetic spectrum monitoring of LTE channels based on SDR portable sensor: preliminary analysis

This paper presents preliminary research for the implementation and testing of a Software Defined Radio (SDR) sensor with electromagnetic spectrum monitoring capabilities for measuring signals specific to the Long-TermEvolution (LTE) mobile communications standard. The proposed sensor is developed on the ADALM Pluto SDR platform - and is designed to acquire a bandwidth of at least 20MHz. To determine the spatial extent of the measurements, the sensor also includes a GPS (Global Positioning System) module. The hardware control of the sensor is performed both in stationary variant using a laptop and in mobile mode using a low-cost module - Raspberry Pi. Present findings suggest that the designed SDR solution represents a reliable and low-cost alternative for real-time spectrum monitoring of wideband signals like the case of 4G-specific signals. The cost of the whole implemented monitoring system is about EUR 330.

Sistem Pengendali Keamanan Sepeda Motor Berbasis IoT (Internet of Things) Menggunakan Smartphone Android

Motorbike vehicles are the most widely used private transportation by people to travel to places near and even far. In addition to motorcycles having a price that is relatively affordable by the public, motorcycles are much easier to go through all the congested and narrow road terrains. The increasing number of motorcycles circulating around and also the weak security system of motorcycles are one of the causes often targeted by theft. In this study, we provided a solution to this security by building a motorcycle security control system that can be accessed and controlled remotely using a Smartphone. The system installed on this motorcycle uses a microcontroller (Arduino Mega2560), a global positioning system (GPS) module, a vibration sensor module, and a relay module. The GPS module helps to determine the coordinates of the position of the motorcycle. These coordinates are sent and displayed through the Android application on the smartphone of the motorcycle owner. Based on the results of several tests, the system used can communicate well between the motorcycle and the motorcycle owner through the internet network, as long as the devices in the vehicle are connected to the internet network.