Global Market System Research Articles

Teaching as a dance with and towards dignity: Recognizing dignity in educational relationships

In educational research there is a plethora of propositions on different ways to address the problem of too narrow and merely/mainly extrinsic and future-oriented aims of education such as the one of producing citizens who can contribute to national competitiveness in a global capitalist market system. Several approaches counterbalance such narrow aims by offering more holistic aims such as cosmopolitan, democratic citizenship, flourishing and liberation. However, in addition to broadening the range of possible aims of education, there is also a need to address the underlying ethical and relational problem of how aims in themselves, even though holistic, still always run the risk of becoming stagnant and reified. In this paper, I argue together with Gert Biesta and Sharon Todd that the unavoidable fact of educational aims involving the risk of becoming stagnant can have detrimental effects on relationships in classrooms. However, I re-frame the problem from an ethical viewpoint. I propose dignity-awareness as a practice of ethical relational attunement to educational aims where these are left open for renewal and dynamic co-existence, not merely through a process of strenuous self-reflection and pedagogic dialogue, but through artfulness and playfulness. I suggest dance as a metaphor for an ethical awareness/interaction in which the relative importance of educational aims is acknowledged and appreciated.

ФРАНЧАЙЗИНГ ЯК МЕТОД ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ І РОЗВИТКУ РЕСТОРАННОГО БІЗНЕСУ В СУЧАСНИХ УМОВАХ

Globalization and growing competition pose significant challenges to businesses, increasing the risks of their activities. However, forming partnerships and strengthening cooperation between companies is an effective solution to these problems. This helps maintain competitive advantages, ensure sustainable development and share experience. One way to do this is through franchising, which meets the needs of businesses in an uncertain environment. In modern conditions, franchising, as a method of business management in the global market system, is developing rapidly. And although franchising is a relatively new phenomenon in our economy today, it has been used in developed countries for centuries as a means of meeting the diverse needs of society for a variety of services. Franchising provides an opportunity for restaurant businesses to gain competitive advantages in the economic environment, allows them to expand effectively, without incurring significant costs for the creation and maintenance of a large administrative apparatus, and contributes to the transformation of the existing network into an efficient business, where highly qualified specialists work. The article deeply analyzes the role of franchising as an important method of organizing and promoting the restaurant business in the modern world. The main principles, advantages and disadvantages of this strategy, as well as its impact on the development of the catering industry, are studied. This study focuses on the strategic aspects of choosing a franchise model for the restaurant business, including the relationship between the franchisor and the franchisee. In addition, modern trends and innovations in this field are considered, which determine the role of franchising in the development of the restaurant industry. The article also provides a list of popular franchises in the field of public catering offered on the market in modern conditions and highlights practical examples of the successful use of franchising in the restaurant business, which contribute to the understanding of its potential and opportunities in the modern economic environment. The main problems of the development of franchising in the restaurant business in the conditions of international integration of Ukraine are presented. Conclusions regarding the advantages and development of franchise business are summarized.

The State of Grain Trade between China and Russia: Analysis of Growth Effect and Its Influencing Factors

As two influential countries in the global grain production and marketing system, China and Russia have increasingly strengthened their agricultural, economic, and trade cooperation. There are few papers that have considered trade relations from the perspective of the growth effect of grain exports, and it is necessary to fill this gap by systematically sorting the grain trade between the two countries and clarifying the growth effect and influencing factors in this paper. By comparing and analyzing the quantitative and structural characteristics of grain trade between China and Russia between 1996 and 2020, this study used the H–K marginal analysis method to explore the growth path and influencing factors of the export trade of grain products between China and Russia. The results show that the main driving force of the export growth of Russian and Chinese grain products is the price margin, which presents a growth pattern dominated by price and complemented by type and quantity. The empirical analysis of the gravity model shows that the size of the agricultural economy, grain productivity, trade cost, and economic shocks have significant impacts on bilateral trade. In view of this, the status of international agricultural cooperation between China and Russia will be further optimized if they can optimize trade policies to improve the quality of trade development, build cross-border cooperation parks to construct the layout of the whole industrial chain, strengthen infrastructure construction, and deepen and expand interconnectivity.

Current status and vision of local pharmaceutical industries in Saudi Arabia: The focus on nanomedicines

BackgroundPharmaceutical nanomedicine products are expected to impact the global pharmaceutical market and healthcare system significantly. Since 2000, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) have approved over 80 nanomedicine products for marketing; an additional double that number is currently being tested in clinical trials. The nanomedicine market is expected to reach USD 350.8 billion by 2025 from USD 138.8 billion in 2016. This demonstrates the importance of nanotechnology to the delivery of pharmaceuticals. The main benefits of employing nanotechnology to distribute therapeutic agents include reducing the undesired toxicity from non-specific distribution and increasing patient adherence, which can indirectly minimize the burden on the country's healthcare system. Such products are expected to gain a significant economic impact on Saudi Arabia’s pharmaceutical drugs market once they get developed locally. MethodA descriptive and cross-sectional study, including a web-based questionnaire and a complete categorization of pharmaceutical products formed by the national industries in Saudi Arabia, was utilized to investigate the current and future direction of pharmaceutical manufacturing exploiting nanotechnology in the Kingdom. ResultsThe survey showed an apparent lack of willingness within the national pharmaceutical industries, as the majority (≈ 86%) of the leading Saudi companies cannot enable nanotechnology-based medicines in their manufacturing. However, more than 93% of the national pharmaceutical industries, upon the basis of the responses, agreed that the development of pharmaceutical products with nanotechnology is an important step toward solving various complications associated with conventional forms of the available medicine. ConclusionNational pharmaceutical industries in Saudi Arabia will need to get closer to manufacturing nanomedicines by partnering with international pioneer companies. In addition, empowering the local research and development (R&D) centers in nano delivery systems could facilitate translating their R&D outcomes into novel advanced and commercialized products. This could imitate the direction of the global pharmaceutical market and share its revenue which will positively reflect on the Kingdom's economy.

Food Fraud: Causes, Consequences, and Deterrence Strategies

Food fraud represents a serious threat to the integrity of the global agri-food marketing system and has received considerable attention by policy makers, academics, and the public at large. This review presents the conditions that enable fraudulent activity in agri-food supply chains (such as asymmetric information, imperfect certification processes, supply chain complexity, and weak monitoring and enforcement systems) and discusses recent efforts to document and deter food fraud and the growing theoretical and empirical literature on the economics of food fraud. The article concludes by identifying some gaps in the literature and provides suggestions for future research.

Spatiotemporal Dynamics and Topological Evolution of the Global Crude Oil Trade Network

The high separation of crude oil supply and demand markets has led to the formation of a global crude oil trading system. This paper constructs global crude oil trade networks, integrates macro, meso, and micro network analysis methods, combines geospatial visualization techniques, and then portrays the spatiotemporal patterns and topological evolution of the global crude oil trade networks. Thus, it attempts to dig deeper into the world crude oil competition and cooperation links and evolution laws and provides a scientific reference for a comprehensive understanding of the global crude oil market dynamics. The results show that: (1) After three fluctuations of increase and decrease since 2000, the global crude oil trade volume is entering the adjustment period, and the scale of the crude oil market is rising slowly. (2) The international crude oil trade has formed trade network patterns with complex structures, clear hierarchy and unbalanced distribution. The “rich club” phenomenon is significant, with large trading countries dominating the trade network. (3) The scale and density of the global crude oil trade network show a trend of increasing and then decreasing, the network agglomeration pattern becoming more obvious, the inter-nodal links continuously strengthening, and the network connectivity improving. (4) The global crude oil trade networks are characterized by core–periphery structures, and the polarization effect is significant. The US, Russia, China, Japan, the Netherlands, and South Korea hold the core positions in the crude oil trade network, and the major importing countries have become the dominant forces in the trade network. In addition, we present policy suggestions for different types of countries for energy transformation and security in the global trade market system, which can be used as a reference for policymakers.

Educating the Filipino loob and katwiran: Beyond the impositions of a cogito rationality

The Philippine educational system and its core curriculum is oriented toward the formation of the modern, autonomous, rational subject, particularly one that will fit into the contemporary global market and production system. Through this system, Filipinos are deepening the colonization of their rationalities and subjectivities by imposing a system that shapes a subject who exists to serve the global market by being a fit worker, consumer, entrepreneur, and producer of knowledge. However useful this educational system may be, it does not consider the ‘Filipino’ subjectivity’s need for formation as a loob who is a kapwa. The Filipino subjectivity which is grounded on the experience of a loob filled with liwanag opening to the world, needs an education in its own capacity for knowing and realizing its well-being. The conception of the subject in relation to the world calls for a different kind of education, particularly in the development of indigenous skills in humanistic research. This paper will argue that as a Filipino student is subjected to the imposition of the dominant Western educational system, they should also equally be given an education in their own rationality rooted in their own native subjectivity. A people must have the opportunity to be trained in their own rationality rooted in their own subjectivity in order to evaluate its value for human flourishing.

China Digital Silk Road And Indonesia Digital Transformation

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), the signature project of the Xi Jinping regime, has established a wide range of lofty goals that would usher in a new chapter of China's integration into the global market system and expand Chinese influence. Notably, China's now-powerful digital companies and cyberspace power actively sought a significant position in this massive statist effort under the policy banner of establishing a Digital Silk Road. Under this project, Beijing has multiple policy mechanisms to spread its digital power. Indonesia's enormous digital economy potential has become a significant target of this project. Using the qualitative method and analyzing two-level games by Robert D Putnam, this research will explain the relationship of Indonesian domestic actors concerning China's digital silk road. This research argues that the digital silk road in Indonesia has made more progress than other BRI projects because the DSR has integrated with the government, private sectors, and parliament's need for digital transformation. When the approval rating of domestic stakeholders is high, the success of the cooperation will be high too.

파리협정 6.2조 협력적 접근 하 우리나라 자체적 국제 탄소시장 메커니즘에 대한 환경건전성 개념 적용 방향 고찰

Under Article 6.2 of the Paris Agreement, parties can engage in cooperative approaches that involve internationally transferred mitigation outcomes (ITMOs) to achieve targets in their nationally determined contributions (NDCs). In cooperative approaches, environmental integrity as a principle should be ensured. Although there is a certain degree of latitude in the definitions of environmental integrity, under the Paris Agreement, it is defined as no net increase in global aggregate greenhouse gas emissions after international transfers of ITMOs within and between NDC implementation periods. In 2022, Korea began to establish a ‘bilateral cooperation framework’ with its own specific rules and guidelines for cooperative approaches. Because environmental integrity is a principled concept, it is crucial to reflect environmental integrity in the design of bilateral cooperation framework. This paper questions i) what elements best reflect environmental integrity and ii) what specific rules should be chosen in each element for environmental integrity. To answer these questions, this paper extracts the elements that influence environmental integrity from previous literature and policy discussions. These elements are classified into four categories: i) ITMO generation, ii) ITMO transfer, iii) ITMO cancellation, and iv) ITMO proceeds. This paper utilizes the existing and upcoming carbon offset systems of the UNFCCC Clean Development Mechanism, the Japan-led Joint Crediting Mechanism, and the Swiss-led ITMO purchase agreement to identify and compare rules regarding these elements of environmental integrity. Then, this paper explores Korea’s position on appropriate rule-setting in the institutional design of a bilateral cooperation framework. This paper concludes by summarizing policy implications for the appropriate paths forward considering Korea’s application of the principle of environmental integrity in its own global carbon market system.

An Approach for Obtaining Stable, Reproducible, and Accurate Fibrogram Measurements from High Volume Instruments

Fiber length is a crucial property throughout many textile processing steps. The high volume instrument (HVI) is the most commonly used tool to assess the properties of cotton fibers. The HVI currently reports two length parameters, the upper-half mean length (UHML) and uniformity index (UI). The UI is the ratio of mean length (ML) to the UHML expressed as a percentage. UHML and ML are extracted from the fibrogram. These parameters are used in the current U.S. cotton classification and global cotton marketing systems. The two values are highly correlated and characterize only the longer fibers in a sample. The fibrogram holds more descriptive information than the two measurements provided by the HVI. However, limited information is available about the stability and repeatability of the fibrogram measurement. This study aims to investigate the stability of the fibrogram, assess the reproducibility across multiple instruments, and determine if corrective actions are required. Three different raw cotton sample sets were tested for this three-stage experiment. The obtained results demonstrate that for a given HVI, the entire fibrogram is stable over both the short term and long term; however, differences among HVIs were observed. The proposed correction procedure effectively reduces the differences among the four HVI lines.

The neoliberal influence on South Africa’s early democracy and its shortfalls in addressing economic inequality

In this article, I will argue that early post-Apartheid South Africa adopted certain neoliberal principles which compromised the efforts to combat economic inequality. In particular, I will show that the economic policies that South Africa adopted during its early democracy reflect core neoliberal principles which promote a neoliberal political rationality. These economic policies indicate a pivotal approach from the African National Congress government in addressing economic inequality in South Africa. The dramatic shift from traditional Marxist policies to neoliberal policies reveals the significant influence of a neoliberal global market system during South Africa’s early democracy. However, the neoliberal policies failed to address the problem of economic inequality in South Africa. Instead, these policies seem to have deepened the existing economic inequality in contemporary South African society.

Development of Pharmaceutical Nanomedicines: From the Bench to the Market.

Nanotechnology plays a significant role in the field of medicine and in drug delivery, mainly due to the major limitations affecting the conventional pharmaceutical agents, and older formulations and delivery systems. The effect of nanotechnology on healthcare is already being felt, as various nanotechnology applications have been developed, and several nanotechnology-based medicines are now on the market. Across many parts of the world, nanotechnology draws increasing investment from public authorities and the private sector. Most conventional drug-delivery systems (CDDSs) have an immediate, high drug release after administration, leading to increased administration frequency. Thus, many studies have been carried out worldwide focusing on the development of pharmaceutical nanomedicines for translation into products manufactured by local pharmaceutical companies. Pharmaceutical nanomedicine products are projected to play a major role in the global pharmaceutical market and healthcare system. Our objectives were to examine the nanomedicines approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) in the global market, to briefly cover the challenges faced during their development, and to look at future perspectives. Additionally, the importance of nanotechnology in developing pharmaceutical products, the ideal properties of nanocarriers, the reasons behind the failure of some nanomedicines, and the important considerations in the development of nanomedicines will be discussed in brief.

Problems Facing Agricultural Product Exporters and Solutions : A Case Study from Afghanistan

Purpose: To investigate problems faced by agricultural product exporters of Afghanistan and propose solutions with the help of a questionnaire Design/Methodology/Approach: The data obtained for this study were prepared from primary and secondary data. Primary data was collected through questionnaires with exporters of agricultural products in Kabul province. Part of the interview part was conducted face-to-face, and some of the answers were collected from interviewees through the mail. The secondary data was obtained from reliable national and international organizations’ websites. According to the 18-year data obtained in the study for Afghanistan, foreign trade has been analyzed and the calculations have been presented in %. Findings: The main problems faced by the exporters of Afghanistan agricultural products are: lack of marketing services; the inadequacy of government support; taxes and customs clearance; transit transportation problems; the problem of adaptation to the global marketing system; ongoing civil war and security problems; problems in commercial relations with neighbors; problems related to education and communication; and lack of quality control systems. The main solutions for these problems include: effective and appropriate marketing services; following correct and reasonable policies regarding incentives to investors, tariffs, and customs fees; strengthening the country’s economic infrastructure; construction of highways and establishment of an appropriate transit transportation system; increasing security measures; and increasing the added value of domestic export items. Eliminating the problems of exporters will increase the export potential of the country and enable it to be used better. Originality / value: Agriculture is the main sector in Afghanistan's economy, and agricultural products constitute 65.8% of the country's total exports. There are very limited studies on foreign trade, especially the export of agricultural products, in Afghanistan. The absence of studies addressing the problems of exporters adds value to this study.

A Quantitative Approach: Hope Labor Among Turkish Female Bloggers

This study investigates the blogosphere in Turkey from a gendered perspective, focusing on how blogging reshapes women’s cultural and social environment. Based on a quantitative approach, a snowballing survey method is conducted, to explore the spaces within which women seek “self-realization,” “self-formation” and “publicity” in the digital world, particularly, through the practice of blogging. There are two main questions that undergird this project: “Do women, performing in social media, unintentionally become subjugated to a form of exploitation and alienation, as the literature on digital labor suggests?” “Is hope labor is influential in female bloggers’ blog usage and content writing? Research findings demonstrate that these women, while constructing their identities as bloggers, incorporate to the neoliberal restructuring of Turkey via articulation of blogging with the global market system. Although blogs provide employment opportunities and economic gains, main motivation behind women’s blogging practices remain to be self-realization and self-fulfillment, leaving hope labor less influential in blog writing. Traditional views like unemployed women participate to public sphere via blogging activities wriggling out of their inherited gender roles also remain to be an over determination since employed women feel more emancipated through blogging.

Market knowledge as a driver of sustainable use of common-pool resources: A lab-in-the-field study among pastoralists in Ethiopia

Rural communities that depend on common-pool resources for their livelihoods are being increasingly affected by the expanding global market system. Because such market integration is still relatively thin, communities vary in terms of market comprehension. Using a common-pool resource dilemma experiment, this study examines the effect of market knowledge on decisions concerning the use of common-pool resources among Borana pastoralists. Participants chose to use shared grazing rangelands at low or high levels of grazing intensity. Depending on the resource-use decisions in previous rounds, the participants encountered different pasture-availability conditions that required them to make trade-offs between their short-term interests and the long-term sustainability of the shared rangelands. The results indicate that, when resource conditions were good, resource users with more market knowledge are more likely to choose lower grazing intensity. During scarcity, this effect is weaker. The results further show that within-group variance in market knowledge has a negative effect on decisions relating to sustainable-resource use in times of resource scarcity. The results imply that providing an understanding of market functioning is of vital importance to protecting shared natural resources from depletion in communities experiencing increasing impact from the global market economy.

Digital transformation of Russia's banking system as improving the competitiveness of banks

Subject. The article discusses the need for digital transformation of banking services in the context of ensuring the appropriate level of competitiveness of banking institutions in the Russian financial market. Objectives. The article aims to identify prospects and trends of the digital transformation of the Russian Federation's banking system in the context of improving the banks' competitive advantages and competitiveness at the current stage of development. Methods. For the study, I used the theoretical and methodological, and systems approaches. Results. The article identifies leaders in the digital transformation of banking processes and services, enabling them to provide a certain level of competitive advantages through improving the quality, accessibility and rate of services providing, as well as minimizing costs. Conclusions. The rapid development of the digital transformation of banking activities in the global financial market system necessitates the use of this experience by commercial banks of the Russian Federation.

Reinventing Urban Identities in Kazan

The paper aims to consider how, since the early 1990s, the city space of Kazan is shaped by different social actors. This paper assumes that a key influence on the process of social production of space in Kazan was the procedure of gaining autonomy after the collapse of the Soviet Union and the lo­cal variant of economic transformation into the global market system. From the beginning of the post-socialist transition, elites’ strategies were related to the politics of memory and the ideas of mul­ticulturalism and federalism. Consequently, Kazan underwent the process of reinventing of urban identity, and indigenization (by Hughes [2007] it was called Tatarazing) of city space. In the capital of Tatarstan the financialization of city space, accumulation through expropriation, and develop­ment by megaevents can be observed. Strategies of development enforced by elites are contested by city inhabitants and grassroots initiatives concentrated around the protection of architectural heritage. Centralized and hierarchical power in Tatarstan makes the grassroots initiatives’ demands possible by a collaboration with local elites.

Being a herder in contemporary Mongolia: Nomadic identity and nationhood building at school

ABSTRACT Construction of a nomadic identity in contemporary society has received increasing attention as the result of multiple challenges, including industrialisation, the formation of nation-states and a global market system. Mongolia provides an interesting case study for examination of the self-representations of nomadic peoples and their intricate relationship with national identity-building in a developing society. Based on an analysis of 28 school textbooks on social studies subjects and the narratives of herders in two regions of Mongolia (Bulgan and Bayankhongor), this study examined the interplay between the ‘Mongol malchin’ (Mongolian herder) identity and the construction of a Mongolian national identity in the state’s dominant discourse and herders’ living experiences. The study’s findings revealed how a nomadic identity is interpreted in post-socialist Mongolian society to accommodate social changes and the political agenda of building nationhood.

Analysis of Bihar's food processing sector in the context of India's future global market system

Analysis of Bihar's food processing sector in the context of India's future global market system

The impact of the insect regulatory system on the insect marketing system

Taking the macromarketing approach to insect food and feed, we study how the global insect marketing system is impacted by the global insect regulatory system. As an illustration, we study how the regulations of the European Union, USA, Canada and Australia impact marketing strategies of individual companies, and how company-level behaviour combines into the dynamics of the whole insect marketing system. The output of the global insect marketing system is the global assortment of insect products. The regulatory system has its topics, content, and tools with differences between countries. Topics are the elements of the insect business that regulators care about. Content determines what insect products can be launched. Tools are the regulatory instruments and sanctions. Regulatory differences between countries are an important determinant in the geography of launch patterns and in the resulting global assortment of insect products available.