Global Knowledge Networks Research Articles

GLOBAL MOBILITY: BIBLIOMETRIC APPROACH

The research seeks to understand the complex interactions between migration, population relocation, and climate change in today's dynamic global terrain. It explores changing trends, drivers, and repercussions of modern migration in the context of environmental changes using extensive data analysis. Notably, the research investigates new cyber migration tendencies, emphasizing the link between human movement and technology. It also examines how international student mobility affects global knowledge networks and talent migration. In addition, the study looks at both forced and voluntary migration, considering factors including environmental change, war, and socioeconomic differences.

Building a knowledge graph to enrich ChatGPT responses in manufacturing service discovery

Sourcing and identification of new manufacturing partners is crucial for manufacturing system integrators to enhance agility and reduce risk through supply chain diversification in the global economy. The advent of advanced large language models has captured significant interest, due to their ability to generate comprehensive and articulate responses across a wide range of knowledge domains. However, the system often falls short in accuracy and completeness when responding to domain-specific inquiries, particularly in areas like manufacturing service discovery. This research explores the potential of leveraging Knowledge Graphs in conjunction with ChatGPT to streamline the process for prospective clients in identifying small manufacturing enterprises. In this study, we propose a method that integrates bottom-up ontology with advanced machine learning models to develop a Manufacturing Service Knowledge Graph from an array of structured and unstructured data sources, including the digital footprints of small-scale manufacturers throughout North America. The Knowledge Graph and the learned graph embedding vectors are leveraged to tackle intricate queries within the digital supply chain network, responding with enhanced reliability and greater interpretability. The approach highlighted is scalable to millions of entities that can be distributed to form a global Manufacturing Service Knowledge Network Graph that can potentially interconnect multiple types of Knowledge Graphs that span industry sectors, geopolitical boundaries, and business domains. The dataset developed for this study, now publicly accessible, encompasses more than 13,000 manufacturers’ weblinks, manufacturing services, certifications, and location entity types.

Transatlantic itinerants and hustlers: Reading the ‘connected histories’ of India and Atlantic worlds in Bartholomew Burges’s A Series of Indostan Letters (1790)

ABSTRACT A reading of Bartholomew Burges’ Indostan Letters (1790), a little known early transatlantic text addressed to patrons both in Britain and America, goes far in illuminating the “connected histories” of India and the United States facilitated by the maritime circuits of the transatlantic. A remarkable travelogue, Indostan Letters foregrounds the triangulated relationship between India, the United States, and Britain which would come to exercise an outsize influence in the American imaginary in the early republic. Although, seemingly a rogue ex-colonial whose single-minded pursuit of self-promotion and riches shows a remarkable spirit of enterprise, Burges was not in fact an eccentric or anomalous figure. Cannily conversant with, and enmeshed in, local and global networks of trade, knowledge, and politics, Indostan Letters embodies a cultural sensibility and voice, at once worldly and naïve, brash and diplomatic, optimistic and opportunistic, that Crevecoeur identified as uniquely American.

The Emergence of a Global Knowledge Network

Abstract Today we live in a global network of knowledge–as shown recently by the worldwide interactive research on Covid-19. Nevertheless, knowledge is distributed differently around the world and is perceived and valued differently in different cultures. This also applies to different strata within societies. The fact of a global world of knowledge and its horizontally and vertically different perception, interpretation and usage raises several problems. These can be explained above all by the sociogenesis of the global knowledge world and its fundamental lines and moments of development. Even a brief look at history shows that knowledge has been and is exchanged from earliest times till nowadays. This fact in turn raises questions and problems that we want to address systematically. What is “knowledge”? Sciences? Arts and crafts? When, by whom, in what form was knowledge disseminated? What is knowledge transfer? Exchange? Is it a mere transport, a deliberate exchange, or a kind of silent appropriation of foreign knowledge? In the following, some of these questions will be dealt with systematically. The historical material as well overarching question is the exchange of knowledge in Eurasia and here specifically the transfer and exchange of knowledge between Europe and China. After a preliminary clarification of terms and questions, the transfer of knowledge between Europe and China from the earliest times up to the Yuan Dynasty will be surveyed. Subsequently, the basic concepts and questions can be discussed and sharpened for further research. An outlook on the historical phase of a deliberate transfer and finally exchange of knowledge between China and Europe since the early modern period concludes the study. The aim of this work is not primarily to describe the historical course of individual exchange processes, but to clarify questions and problems for future empirical studies regarding the research landscape.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ МОДЕЛЕЙ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ИННОВАЦИОННЫХ ПЛАТФОРМ

The largest companies have recognized the need for access to a global knowledge network in order to develop and acquire new technologies that help to function effectively in modern economic conditions. To coordinate access to this knowledge network, innovative platforms have been developed, on the basis of which new enterprises and small companies have the opportunity to introduce their innovations. These platforms allowed the formation of innovative ecosystems, which became the basis for the creation of new enterprises of various types. In recent years, innovative platforms have dominated many industries. As a rule, an innovation platform includes a platform manager inviting other companies and individuals to introduce innovations. Platform participants are developing innovative programs for global coverage and improving the functionality of new products. These innovations make it possible to develop and form ecosystems of the global economy.

Ocean negative carbon emissions: A new UN Decade program

Ocean negative carbon emissions: A new UN Decade program

Global knowledge centrality: co-inventor collaboration with China

PurposeThis paper examines the role of co-inventor collaboration with China and/or the USA on a country's increase in centrality in global knowledge networks. It also explores the role of specific institutional factors – corruption and intellectual property rights (IPR) protection – on this relationship.Design/methodology/approachIn the study, co-inventor data from the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) applications have been used to construct networks of technological knowledge collaboration at the country level over the years 2002–2015. Using eigenvector centrality as the dependent variable, the study uses fixed effect regression analyses on a panel of 171 countries, contributing to recent debates on knowledge networks and international cooperation.FindingsBuilding on research in economic development, innovation and social network theory, this research finds that co-patenting with Chinese inventors is positively related to a country's centrality in global knowledge networks and that this relationship is negatively moderated by collaboration with the current most central knowledge network – namely that of the USA – suggesting a substitution effect. It also finds a partial substitution between institutional factors, IPRs protection and transparency, and collaboration with China on a country's knowledge centrality.Practical implicationsRegarding policymakers, the findings can be used to encourage international collaboration for increased access to new sources of knowledge that fosters innovation while keeping a close eye on local institutions, especially emerging economies that want to increase their international knowledge network centrality.Originality/valueThis study creates a unique panel data set and extends the social networks approach in international business literature, focusing on institutional characteristics related to participation in knowledge networks.

Improving Global Knowledge Centrality: The Role of Co-inventor Collaboration with China

We analyze the role of co-inventor collaboration with China and the USA on a country’s increase in centrality in global knowledge networks. Building on research in economic development, innovation, social networks, and institutional theory, we find that co-patenting with Chinese inventors is positively related to a country’s centrality in global knowledge networks and that this relationships is negatively moderated by collaboration with the current most central knowledge network, namely that of the USA. We also find a negative effect from intellectual property rights protection and high transparency on the relationship between a country’s centrality when collaborating with China. Regression analyses of a panel of 197 countries for the years 2002-2015 support these findings, which contribute to recent debates on knowledge networks and international cooperation. In terms of theory, we extend social networks approach on international business literature, focusing on what institutional characteristics are related to participation in knowledge networks. Regarding policy makers, our findings can be used to encourage international collaboration for increased access to new sources of knowledge that fosters innovation while keeping a close eye on local institutions.

Introduction to the Special Issue on the New Silk Road of Innovation: R&D Networks, Knowledge Diffusions, and Open Innovation

Introduction to the Special Issue on the New Silk Road of Innovation: R&D Networks, Knowledge Diffusions, and Open Innovation

Building a Virtual Global Knowledge Network During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: The Infection Prevention and Control Global Webinar Series.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been an unprecedented global health challenge. Traditional modes of knowledge dissemination have not been feasible. A rapid solution was needed to share guidance and implementation examples within the global infection prevention and control (IPC) community. We designed the IPC Global Webinar Series to bring together subject matter experts and IPC professionals in the fight against COVID-19. The Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO) model was adapted to create an interactive global knowledge network. Speakers and panelists provided presentations and answers to questions. Webinars were simultaneously interpreted into 5 languages and recorded for later access. Thirteen webinar sessions were completed from 14 May through 6 August 2020. On average, 634 participants attended each session (range, 393-1181). Each session was represented by participants from, on average, more than 100 countries. Through the IPC Global Webinar Series, critical information was shared and peer-to-peer learning was promoted during the COVID-19 pandemic response. The webinar sessions reached a broader audience than many in-person events. The webinar series was rapidly scaled and can be rapidly reactivated as needed. Our lessons learned in designing and implementing the series can inform the design of other global health virtual knowledge networks. The continued and expanded use of adapted virtual communities of practice and other learning networks for the IPC community can serve as a valuable tool for addressing COVID-19 and other infectious disease threats.The infection prevention and control (IPC) Global Webinar Series convened subject matter experts and IPC professionals from more than 100 countries to establish a global learning community for COVID-19. We advocate for expanded use of virtual knowledge networks.

Bibliometric Analysis of Knowledge Networks and Creativity

Despite the sharp increase in awareness of workplace knowledge networks and creativity research, no attention has been paid to objectively visualizing the evolution of this fast-growing area to complement prior qualitative reviews. This bibliometric analysis involves an examination of 341 global knowledge networks and creativity articles in management-related research in the Web of Science database. Using CiteSpace V visualization literature measurement software, the knowledge map of the knowledge networks and creativity research was drawn using the scientific metrology knowledge graph research method. We conduct Publication time analysis, country/region analysis, journal co-citation analysis, author co-citation, document co-citation, the time-zone visualization analysis on research literature in the field of knowledge networks and creativity, the major researchers and topics in the field of knowledge network, and creativity are clearly presented. Moreover, we summarize the developing trends of knowledge networks and creativity research. On this basis, our review demonstrates the systematic development of literature and identifies trends to advance knowledge networks and creativity research.

Why U.S. Immigration Matters for the Global Advancement of Science

This paper studies the impact of U.S. immigration barriers on global knowledge production. We present four key findings. First, among Nobel Prize winners and Fields Medalists, migrants to the U.S. play a central role in the global knowledge network—representing 20-33% of the frontier knowledge producers. Second, using novel survey data and hand-curated life-histories of International Math Olympiad (IMO) medalists, we show that migrants to the U.S. are up to six times more productive than migrants to other countries—even after accounting for talent during one’s teenage years. Third, financing costs are a key factor preventing foreign talent from migrating abroad to pursue their dream careers, particularly for talent from developing countries. Fourth, certain ‘push’ incentives that reduce immigration barriers—by addressing financing constraints for top foreign talent—could increase the global scientific output of future cohorts by 42 percent. We concludeby discussing policy options for the U.S. and the global scientific community.

Why U.S. Immigration Matters for the Global Advancement of Science

This paper studies the impact of U.S. immigration barriers on global knowledge production. We present four key findings. First, among Nobel Prize winners and Fields Medalists, migrants to the U.S. play a central role in the global knowledge network—representing 20-33% of the frontier knowledge producers. Second, using novel survey data and hand-curated life-histories of International Math Olympiad (IMO) medalists, we show that migrants to the U.S. are up to six times more productive than migrants to other countries—even after accounting for talent during one’s teenage years. Third, financing costs are a key factor preventing foreign talent from migrating abroad to pursue their dream careers, particularly for talent from developing countries. Fourth, certain ‘push’ incentives that reduce immigration barriers—by addressing financing constraints for top foreign talent—could increase the global scientific output of future cohorts by 42 percent. We concludeby discussing policy options for the U.S. and the global scientific community.

Why U.S. Immigration Barriers Matter for the Global Advancement of Science

This paper studies the impact of U.S. immigration barriers on global knowledge production. We present four key findings. First, among Nobel Prize winners and Fields Medalists, migrants to the U.S. play a central role in the global knowledge network— representing 20-33% of the frontier knowledge producers. Second, using novel survey data and hand-curated life-histories of International Math Olympiad (IMO) medalists, we show that migrants to the U.S. are up to six times more productive than migrants to other countries—even after accounting for talent during one's teenage years. Third, financing costs are a key factor preventing foreign talent from migrating abroad to pursue their dream careers, particularly talent from developing countries. Fourth, certain 'push' incentives that reduce immigration barriers – by addressing financing constraints for top foreign talent – could increase the global scientific output of future cohorts by 42% percent. We conclude by discussing policy options for the U.S. and the global scientific community.

Digital historical research and the repositioning of Africa in knowledge production

Africa�s historical knowledge production has exhibited promising signs of progress, particularly in strengthening the continent�s weak link in the global knowledge network. While such knowledge ought to intersect and interact with other bodies of knowledge from the rest of the world, the terrain is shifting quickly due to changing historical circumstances. This study deploys a case study of Zimbabwe to illustrate how the slow digital transformation in historical research has hindered efforts to confront the overarching question of constrained knowledge production in Africa. The over-reliance of economic history, archaeology, or history on the use of centralised state archives poses complex methodological challenges, particularly for the study of the recent African past. Despite the advantages offered by digital humanities, the research options for these disciplines continue to shrink in the face of serious discomfort by academics in embracing digital sources of data that complement paper-based archival evidence and re-gear the continent�s research performance. The article stresses that the sources of historical data, particularly on Africa�s post-colonial history, can be found in digital form outside state repositories.

Functional upgrading dynamics of latecomer firms in challenging innovation system and global value chain contexts: evidence from cacao-chocolate firms in the Philippines

ABSTRACT Functional upgrading of latecomer firms is most likely to occur when firms build capabilities facilitated by conducive innovation system (IS) or global value chains (GVC) environments. However, many developing countries suffer from simultaneously ineffective IS-GVC learning channels. Based on comparative case research of key cacao-chocolate firms in the Philippines, this study provides evidence that latecomer firms build functional upgrading capabilities directly through global knowledge networks and indirectly through market-based chain buyers in weak IS-GVC contexts. It highlights the role of learning source and sequence in functional upgrading; finding an advantageous order of formal course learning, informal internal experimentations, global knowledge networks engagement, and internal innovation activities by specialized technical teams. The study’s main contribution lies in its empirical exploration of how latecomer firms manage various internal and external learning mechanisms according to the different types of capability needed in the functional upgrading process. Implications on functional upgrading strategies are discussed.

Voyaging towards the future: the brig Rurik in the North Pacific and the emerging science of the sea.

This article explores the networking activities of Count Nikolai Rumiantsev and Adam von Krusenstern, his close collaborator. The visionary Russian statesman and the celebrated navigator were deeply involved in northern exploration. They funded and organized a circumnavigating voyage by the brig Rurik in 1815-18, with the explicit goals of searching for a northern passage between Eurasia and North America and conducting a series of scientific investigations in the Bering Strait region. This private exploratory enterprise profoundly influenced the exchange of information and reconfigured both local and global networks of knowledge. Based on an analysis of private correspondence, printed accounts and journal articles related to the Rurik's expedition, this study sheds light on how this transnational network of actors emerged and functioned, and how it promoted a lively circulation of information about exploration in the Bering Strait region in the 1810s-1820s. I argue that a complex interplay of geopolitical and intellectual competition, with exchanges, collaborations and coordination among various actors (e.g. patrons, navigators, scholars, entrepreneurs and publishers), stimulated further research on the global ocean's northern spaces and laid the foundations of marine science.

Who collects intellectual rents from knowledge and innovation hubs? questioning the sustainability of the singapore model

While knowledge and innovation are produced in networks involving diverse actors, associated rents are greatly appropriated by global leaders, mostly coming from core countries, that become intellectual monopolies. This raises the question on emerging or peripheral countries companies’ capacity to catch-up, innovate and compete for intellectual rents. The article considers the case of Singapore who has pursued a knowledge hub strategy aimed at: 1) creating world class universities inserted in global knowledge networks of defined fields; and 2) capturing intellectual rents through those institutions’ research and contributing to local firms’ catching up. We show that research universities caught-up. However, we find that foreign companies, particularly multinationals, capture most of Singapore's intellectual rents at the expense of local companies and research institutions. Overall, our findings point to the limitations of Singapore's knowledge hub as a catching-up strategy. The article ends discussing the relevancy of these findings for emerging countries in general.

“The persistent myth of lost hegemony,” revisited: structural power as a complex network phenomenon

This article resuscitates the idea of structural power in world politics by linking it to modern complex network science, presents a theoretical framework for understanding how global structures develop and change, and empirically analyzes the prominence of leading states within global finance, trade, security, and knowledge networks. It argues that the “fitness plus preferential attachment” (FPA) model of complex network evolution provides a logical explanation for the durability of American influence even as some of its advantages in country-level capabilities has eroded, and it introduces a network methodology that is capable of empirically analyzing the organizational complexity that exists within and across domains in world politics. It argues that the rise of China and other emerging powers has been overstated in some ways, but that a redistribution of structural prominence is taking place, in some domains, as emerging markets increase their transnational connections; this has mostly come at the relative expense of Europe, however, rather than the United States.

Uneven solidarity: the school strikes for climate in global and intergenerational perspective

BackgroundThe school strikes for climate (henceforth, the school strikes) initiated by Greta Thunberg have brought young people’s environmental concerns to the global stage. However, there is a danger of considering youth environmental concerns only through the actions of highly mobilised young people who are heavily concentrated in the urban Global North. This article revisits qualitative data collected before the school strikes to consider how 11–14-year-olds in India and England interpreted and responded to environmental hazards and degradation in their everyday lives, and connected their situated experiences to narratives of global environmental crisis. The young people occupied a range of socio-economic positions and were experiencing different degrees of vulnerability to environmental hazards.ResultsAll of the research participants were concerned about the future of the planet and their immediate environments. However, for the most environmentally vulnerable participants, future- and globally-oriented environmental concerns were overpowered by more immediate concerns. Although the young people were engaged in responses to environmental concerns, they did not see themselves as acting alone but rather with others around them, often adults. Some young people expressed doubt about the extent to which they as generationally-positioned individuals could make a difference to the problems discussed. These findings in many ways anticipate the school strikes, wherein young people are taking action to call upon adults to respond to environmental problems that young people recognise are beyond their individual capacities to resolve.ConclusionThe environmental activism of a significant minority of young people is to be applauded, however, the interest in youth activism prompted by the school strikes runs the risk of flattening global inequalities in young people’s exposure to environmental hazards, access to education and global knowledge networks. There is a need to look beyond such high-profile activities to understand how young people around the world are interpreting and responding to environmental concerns as generationally-positioned individuals operating within broader regimes of power.