Concept Of Global Governance Research Articles

Governance fragmentation and agency of miners in Ghana’s artisanal mining sector

Artisanal mining in Ghana was established by law as a legitimate indigenous economic activity in 1989, but the sector still lacks a designated formalized governance architecture. Artisanal mining in Ghana borrows from a governance architecture that is designed for large-scale corporate mining. Aspects of artisanal mining fall under governance of various issue areas. Mechanisms that are exclusive to artisanal mining are mostly temporary, including such ad hoc measures as moratoria and paramilitary operations. Also, non-state actors adopt measures to address specific needs in the sector. Hence, Ghana’s artisanal mining governance architecture includes duplicate, overlapping, uncoordinated, and competitive formal and informal measures. This creates confusion and uncertainty, complicates and derails governance, and disrupts legal mining activity. Miners manage to navigate the environment, often through illegal operations. Sometimes, miners also craft independent governance architectures in the mining sites. Literature on governance of artisanal mining in Ghana addresses various empirical and theoretical questions, without highlighting the sector’s fragmented governance architectures and miners’ agency in that context. Redirecting attention to the trend, this paper examines the following questions: 1) In what ways does governance fragmentation manifest in Ghana’s artisanal mining sector? How do miners navigate the environment and how does miner agency impact the fragmented governance? The paper applies a global governance concept to shed new light on governance of artisanal mining, an informal domestic sector, in relation to miner agency in the fragmented governance environment in Ghana. Focusing on environmental issues, the paper uses data from field research in Ghana and relevant secondary sources. Although miners’ independent governance effort extends the governance fragmentation, it is an important guide on formalizing artisanal mining in the Ghanaian context. The paper makes novel empirical and theoretical contributions to discussions on governance fragmentation and governance of artisanal mining.

Problems of international politics: impact of globalization on politics

The concept of globalization is associated with the process of expanding crossborder transactions and interactions in the political, socio-cultural, and economic spheres. It describes the phenomenon of denationalization, which tends to be perceived as a political project. Globalization in the international political system is considered centralized due to its impact on external relations and its close connection with political structures and mechanisms. The creation of the necessary international rules and institutions is characterized by the fact that the concept of global governance is a political response to the processes of economic and social globalization. The influence of the era of globalization on the development of international politics and economic structures has turned out to be deep and complex, being the background for the creation of new political forms and stages of its development. The modern process of globalization is focused on international transformations in the field of politics and economics. It is important to emphasize the fact that the concept of globalization is a broad issue that is an integral part of every field of public activity. It can be described as an acceleration of global economic and political interconnections; the analysis of this phenomenon made it possible to assess the problems caused by its development. This article shows the importance of the globalized world for the life of individual states and international cooperation. The large-scale changes caused by globalization have proved its significant role for cultural, social, economic, and political formation at the international level. The research was based on the theory of globalization, the concept of sustainable development, and the theory of competition. Conclusions. The impact of globalization is felt most strongly when it comes to identity, whether it is an individual or a community. Although globalization can have positive effects, this phenomenon needs to be critically assessed in order to ensure that its negative consequences are understood, studied, and effectively addressed.

Changes Unseen in A Century: Changes in Concepts of Governance and China’s Responses

Today’s world is in a situation of “Changes Unseen in A Century”. Wu Yujin’s holistic view of world history reveals the overall development law of world history, and provides ideas for the study of changes in the concept of global governance. In the face of the “Changes”, China should, on the one hand, actively participate in global governance, continuously promote the building of a community of human destiny, respect the consensus of the international community, and enhance its ability to participate in and formulate the rules of global governance; and on the other hand, emphasize the shaping of its soft power to enhance its own governance capacity.

CONCEPTUALIZING THE SUBJECTIVITY OF GLOBAL LEADERSHIP IN CONTEMPORARY INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS THEORY

This article, based on an interdisciplinary approach and structural-functional analysis tools, examines the transformation of classical forms of conceptualizing the subjectivity of global leadership in contemporary international relations theory under the influence of new global political realities. It emphasizes that the initial classical positioning of international leadership as the primacy or hegemony of a single state on the international stage is yielding to other political practices that have not yet gained normative consolidation and theoretical conceptualization. It has been identified that modern international processes demonstrate a trend towards the institutionalization of international leadership in the form of a collective subject of international relations, endowed with exceptional powers and special status. New theoretical approaches increasingly note a shift in focus from classical factors ensuring leadership in international relations by enhancing the status and leadership potential of individual actors to the formation of collegial global leadership, including the concept of global governance, which is increasingly seen as the most probable and conventionally interpreted prognostic model for the transformation of the modern world order. Contemporary international relations theory identifies several subjects of international relations, with the nation-state traditionally occupying a leading position. In recent decades, other actors have been added to the list, including international governmental and non-governmental organizations, transnational corporations, civil associations, and private individuals. The emergence of new types of international relations subjects on the international stage, combined with the increasing importance of integration associations and the growing technological potential of digital networks, alongside the practical impossibility of establishing control over them, and the transfer of certain sovereign powers from national states to international institutions, indicates that traditional methods of governance and regulation in world politics are becoming outdated, losing their relevance and effectiveness in contemporary conditions. This necessitates the formation of an institutional foundation appropriate to the modern international system. Increasingly, this foundation of world order is associated with the phenomenon of global leadership. However, attempts to conceptualize it based on classical subjects of international relations are demonstrating increasing methodological inefficiency, leading to the search for new forms of the subjectivity of global leadership on the international stage.

Implementation of the power generation program by the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) to improve the economy in Bangladesh

This article examines the effectiveness of programs carried out by the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) in encouraging economic investment and infrastructure connectivity in Asia. Specifically, the author will analyze AIIB assistance in Bangladesh in the electrical energy sector. AIIB is a multinational development bank initiated by China to encourage infrastructure in Asia. In terms of long-term funding for infrastructure sub-projects such as sub-projects in the areas of power production, ICT, cross-regional transportation, etc., AIIB has emerged as one of the most important development partners for Bangladesh. This paper aims to answer how effective the implementation of the electricity sector program by AIIB is in improving the economy in Bangladesh. To examine this topic, the author refers to Development theory and the concept of Global Governance. The results of the author's analysis show that most of the assistance provided by AIIB in Bangladesh focuses on the electrical energy sector, this is a response to the electricity crisis which is hampering the Bangladesh economy. The results of implementing the program are considered quite effective because it succeeded in distributing electricity evenly in villages and encouraging development renewable and low-carbon electrical energy infrastructure. However, this program can also be considered less effective because it has not been able to encourage Bangladesh to maximize its own natural resources to guarantee its electricity supply due to the low share of the renewable energy market in Bangladesh's electricity.

Позиция Китая в системе глобального управления

The concept of global governance and the specifics of its implementation in different countries of the world are considered. The policy of China’s global governance at different stages of its historical development is analyzed. The author focuses separately on the challenges of the modern era, China’s position on countering them, the further role of China in world politics.

Основные теоретические подходы в политических исследованиях Арктики

The article identifies and analyzes the main theoretical approaches used in the studies of international relations and politics in the Arctic. Contemporary studies of the Arctic use elements of several main approaches in the field of international relations: realism, liberalism, social constructivism and global gov-ernance, as well as some others. The theoretical alternative between realism and liberalism manifests itself primary in the issues of Arctic security. Liberalism and the concept of global governance play an important role in explaining the multilevel and multi-actor nature of political processes and governance in the region. Social constructivism contributes to the understanding and functioning of Arctic political narratives. However, in most cases, they exist in the form of implicit assumptions rather than as systematically developed and substantiated models. The theoretical differences are mainly related to the definition of units and levels of analysis, particularly the role of states and other types of actors, and the nature of the relationship between them. Despite the fact that realistic approaches considering Arctic politics as inevitable competition of states in the logic of “zero-sum games” remain quite common, the general tendency is to search for more complex theoretical models that recognize the diversity of actors involved in Arctic processes, as well as the possibility of cooperative relations.

The Development and Prospects of Socioscientific Issues Teaching in the Context of Immersive Media Technology.

Marshall McLuhan once proposed the concept of “global village,” believing that with the help of electronic media, Earth has become indistinguishable from a community, and there is only one Earth for human beings and one world for all countries. Today, with the continuous development of media technology, the concept of a human destiny community has also gained the general consensus of people around the world. The global value of the human destiny community encompasses the interdependent concept of international power, the concept of common interests, the concept of sustainable development, and the concept of global governance. In particular, the concepts of sustainable development and global governance have been advocated by the public, which in turn has led to extensive public discussions on Socioscientific Issues (SSI), in which the teaching of SSI is gradually considered by the international science education community as one of the important goals of science education. The current issues and challenges facing SSI teaching and how immersive media technologies can facilitate SSI teaching have become important issues of keen public interest.

Global Public Policy and the Concept of Global Governance

The political science has developed in a great speed, especially in the field of public policy in all its forms and types. Public policy as a method and way of work is considered the general scientific framework of each state. But this does not exclude the existence of public policy in other international organizations and international institutions, thus, this study tries to answer this question; is there a global public policy? Several issues illustrated in this paper shows that those affairs are global beyond the influence of the state, the debate has emerged on global governance alongside global public policy. One of the fundamental factors that led to the emergence of global public policy is the growing role played by international organizations and institutions. Hence, this analysis shows the relationship between the concept of global public policy and global governance, which is a secretion of this provision and its outcome, cannot be said without it. In addition, it is found that the balances of power and interest are the fundamentalist determinants of global public policy direction and the procedural aspect of global governance and the external variable sometimes dominates the political and economic decision in a far-fetched way in terms of 'social and human democracy.

Hambatan PBB dalam Merespon Mass Atrocity di Suriah pada Tahun 2011-2013

The Syrian conflict is one of the deadliest conflicts that occurred as a result of the Arab Spring. A large number of casualties in this conflict shows how sovereign state and international community had failed to fulfill their responsibility to protect civilians from mass atrocities. The purpose of this article is to examine what obstacles the United Nations had faced in its effort to protect the Syrian population. The framework that used to analyze this issue is the concept of Global Governance and the Responsibility to Protect. Using descriptive qualitative research methods, data will be collected from books, journal articles, official reports and media publications to explain four obstacles United Nations had faced. The first obstacle related to growing multipolarity that causes difficulty in reaching a consensus during the negotiations. The second obstacle related to UN Security Council permanent member dysfunctional behavior which often causes a deadlock in decision making. The third obstacle is the complexity of the conflict that occurred. The last one is the differences opinion among related organizations that relieves the international pressure to immediately end the mass atrocities.

Global Governance: Pure Rhetoric or a New Perspective? A Review Essay

This paper examines usefulness of the concept of global governance in understanding world politics. More specifically it aims at answering two questions: On the practical level, is there global governance in operation in the world today? In other words, is the world we are living function more with institutions and norms of global governance? On the theoretical level, can global governance framework offer us anything more than traditional theories of international relations to comprehend world politics? The paper first proposes a new method to classify the literature on global governance. After analyzing the works and arguments of the main camps of the debate, the paper answers both questions affirmatively. Global governance theory can contribute to our understanding especially with regard to multiple actors and multiple layers of politics, and historical change in IR.

Global Governance of Biogenic Threats

The SARS-CoV-2 virus, which caused a pandemic in 2020, has posed not only a medical, economic and social threat, but also a challenge to international security and international cooperation. It is now becoming obvious that the problem of the current pandemic cannot be reduced to individual states and regions and has the potential to influence the entire political organization of the modern world. Analyzing the role of the COVID-19 pandemic in world politics, the authors rely on the concept of transformations in the system of the world political organization, as well as the concept of global governance and megatrends of world politics, the key of which is globalization. The authors of the article consider the experience of individual global and regional associations, which are considered to be the elements of global governance, whose functions, among the other, include responding to challenges of a biogenic nature, identifying several important trends, among which are the intensification of previously emerging trends, the strengthening of isolationism, the growing political fragmentation of the world, destructive influence of “coronacrisis” on globalization, but with parallel sectoral polarization in global economy, a new balancing between cooperation and competition in international relations. At the same time, it is argued that there is no alternative to international cooperation in solving problems of a global nature, which can hardly indicate the end of globalization and the triumph of disintegration and de-democratization. The authors argue about the heightened need to reform global governance, since the efforts of individual international associations cannot lead to solving global challenges, and the national-centrist approach to solving global problems proves its inefficiency and irresponsibility. As a result, we are talking about the lack of alternative to the idea of forming a system of global governance, which should be based on cooperation and interaction of states, international organizations and institutions, as well as business structures and academic communities, in other words, rely on multilateral and multilevel approach. The authors are convinced of the need to develop a project of an “ideal future” taking into account the identified trends in the transformation of the political organization of the world and the effects of megatrends, which implies the further development of scientific research and discussions, as well as a series of international negotiating forums on the future structure of the world and the corresponding pattern of global governance.

The concept of global governance in tourism franchises: a case study of TUI group

The study characterizes the global corporate governance in the context of tourism. Risks the TUI Group would face during the implementation of the global governance strategy were assessed. The analysis of management and operational risks revealed that in conditions of global economic uncertainty tourism companies may use risk diversification to ensure flexibility. The risk likelihood assessment justified the need for the use of innovative management models with the aim of reducing the likelihood and impact of risks. An organizational-managerial framework for risk diversification was established that enables companies to cope with the global challenges in a synergistic effort. Finally, the study explored the socio-economic impact of global governance strategy on the competitive regional tourism.

Глобальное управление: новые вызовы и угрозы

This article examines the main concepts of global governance, taking into account current global changes, as well as against the background of those risks and threats that have a significant impact in the process of their practical implementation.

POLITICAL ASPECTS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERNATIONAL LAW IN NATIONAL LEGISLATION OF THE UNITED STATES: FROM THEORY TO PRACTICE

One of the big-league participants in major international processes, the US government defines the current agenda of the modern world order, steers the vector of international relations development and affects the distribution of power on the global political arena. A supporter of the Non-Institutionalized Global Governance concept and the idea of Rule of Law, American administration demonstrates its own, specific understanding of the goals and course of action of modern international legislation. It seems to have its own insight on the nature and order of international organizations in regards to formulation and adoption of international law, the US role in determining the key features of global law enforcement, as well as the standards and principles of implementation of international law in the US federal legislation. Despite the recent tendency of the US government to roll back from participation in IO projects and revision of a number of agreements within the framework of interstate cooperation, the United States not only succeeds, one way or another, in guiding the trends of global political development, but also continues to have an impact on the interpretation and application of international law. The given article looks at the status of international law in the American legal system, focuses on the participation of the United States in proposition, discussion and adoption of conventions, declarations, agreements and other documents within the framework of the UN, and determines the main directions, according to which American jurisdiction implements international legal doctrines. The current research also brings a focus on specific issues, problems, relations, and contacts regulated at the international level but not implemented by the US federal legislation. The article analyzes political aspects of formulation and adoption of legal rules by American public administration, which are meant to supplement and specify the dominant principles of international sources of law.

“One Belt One Road” Project 2.0 — A strategy to stimulate China’s global expansion

The article analyses the formation and development of the Chinese initiative “one belt, one road” (OBOR), the main internal and external factors of its promotion, motives and goals. It shows how the initiative of the new Silk Road (NSR) has evolved into the concept of globalisation with Chinese characteristics, the strategy of overseas expansion of China. The NSR initiative is tied to the transformation of the traditional export-oriented model of labour-intensive production, with a high rate of accumulation, total borrowing of foreign technologies to a new model oriented to domestic demand, export of high-tech products, own innovations. It is shown that in the course of the implementation of the OBOR initiative, elements of the old model of trade and investment expansion are used. It makes it possible to gain time for the transition to a new model, to create opportunities for its implementation. During the course of its theoretical development by Chinese social scientists and its practical implementation, the OBOR project is being transformed into version 2.0, being filled with geo-economic content, while at the same time focusing on the achievement of intra-economic goals. It reveals the evolution of the BRI, which claims to be the new mechanism of globalisation, the “concept of global governance”, the new ideology of globalism with the slogan “building a community of the common destiny of humanity”.

Vinculación entre la política climática doméstica en países emergentes y la política internacional del cambio climático: propuesta de un marco analítico

En este artículo se proponen formular las bases ontológicas, epistemológicas y teóricas para la constitución de un marco analítico vinculando la política internacional del cambio climático con la política climática doméstica y exterior de los países emergentes. Este marco parte desde una triangulación teórica entre una perspectiva ontológica de las relaciones internacionales basada en el liberalismo, una posición epistemológica interpretativista y teorías constructivistas sobre internalización de normas, localización y congruencia normativa y el concepto de gobernanza global. Para alcanzar este objetivo, se parte del supuesto de que la política climática de los países emergentes está fuertemente condicionada por el grado de imbricación entre la política internacional del cambio climático y la política doméstica y exterior de los Estados.

Os limites da governança global: a governamentalidade como alternativa analítica

No presente artigo, busco demonstrar as possíveis contribuições que o conceito de “governamentalidade” pode trazer para a área de Relações Internacionais, especificamente, na discussão sobre governança. Para tanto, faço um mapeamento da utilização do conceito de governança global na área, suas diferentes utilizações, e como ele se insere na literatura. Posteriormente, traço algumas críticas ao termo, seja por sua amplitude conceitual, que supostamente causou seu “esvaziamento”, ou por sua capacidade de explicar as mudanças ocorridas na política internacional em diferentes momentos históricos. Sendo assim, apesar de sua importante contribuição conceitual e como agenda de pesquisa, a governança global encontrou certos limites em explicar as diferentes interações entre os atores públicos e privados. Pautado nisso, trago algumas contribuições dos estudos da governamentalidade para as Relações Internacionais, e sobre as possibilidades de pesquisa e questionamento que eles podem trazer. Sendo assim, o objetivo do presente artigo é trazer um pouco mais do debate “governança versus governamentalidade” tão pouco abordado e discutido no Brasil. Portanto, viso fomentar o interesse por pesquisas utilizando tal referencial teórico pensando a “governamentalidade” não como uma forma de “superar” a governança, mas como uma lente analítica alternativa para a esfera internacional.Recebido em: setembro de 2019Aceito em: março de 2020

How Could China Make a Greater Contribution to Global Governance?

The concept of global governance must have a deeper meaning and be considered the only practicable means of governance in an increasingly complex and interdependent world. Much remains to be done for constructive action, and all interested countries and organizations must participate in this challenging task. This paper discusses briefly how China could make a greater contribution to global governance in the light of BRI, Health, and BRICS.

Weltinnenpolitik und Vereinte Nationen – eine Symbiose?

The term Weltinnenpolitik was coined by Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker. In contrast to the more famous concept of global governance, Weltinnenpolitik tries to simulate a global state - especially the monopoly of the use of force - as far as possible under the condition of a vital community of states. It is based on two pillars of equal relevance: a perspective similar to the one of domestic politics and an international organization that behaves towards its member states in a domestic manner. Despite the recent crisis, the United Nations are the best place for both.