Global Environmental Problems Research Articles

Fluorescence detection and effective adsorption of trace Pb(II) based on nanofibrous metal-organic gel

Water pollution has become a global environmental problem, such as that caused by Pb(II). Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop multifunctional materials for Pb(II) monitoring and removal. Yet, developing bifunctional materials for sensitive detection and efficient removal of Pb(II) remain challenging. Here, a metal-organic gel (HNU-G4) was constructed for sensible responsive detection and efficient adsorption of Pb(II). The dry gel was obtained through the freeze-dried process and can be used for the Pb(II) detection via fluorescence quenching; the lowest limit of detection for Pb(II) is 0.766 ppb. Furthermore, HNU-G4 has an effective maximum adsorption capacity of 480.00 mg·g-1 for Pb(II) in water. Additionally, the gel demonstrates excellent recoverability and interference resistance, which can be used in the detection and recovery of actual reclaimed water samples to prevent secondary contamination. This study developed a bifunctional gel material for sensitive detection and effective removal of Pb(II) from water, providing a suggested strategy to tackle the heavy metal contamination problem.

Long-Term Exposure to Polystyrene Microspheres and High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice: Evaluating a Role for Microbiota Dysbiosis.

Microplastics (MPs) have become a global environmental problem, emerging as contaminants with potentially alarming consequences. However, long-term exposure to polystyrene microspheres (PS-MS) and its effects on diet-induced obesity are not yet fully understood. We aimed to investigate the effect of PS-MS exposure on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and underlying mechanisms. In the present study, C57BL/6J mice were fed a normal diet (ND) or a HFD in the absence or presence of PS-MS via oral administration for 8 wk. Antibiotic depletion of the microbiota and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) were performed to assess the influence of PS-MS on intestinal microbial ecology. We performed 16S rRNA sequencing to dissect microbial discrepancies and investigated the dysbiosis-associated intestinal integrity and inflammation in serum. Compared with HFD mice, mice fed the HFD with PS-MS exhibited higher body weight, liver weight, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) activity scores, and mass of white adipose tissue, as well as higher blood glucose and serum lipid concentrations. Furthermore, 16S rRNA sequencing of the fecal microbiota revealed that mice fed the HFD with PS-MS had greater -diversity and greater relative abundances of Lachnospiraceae, Oscillospiraceae, Bacteroidaceae, Akkermansiaceae, Marinifilaceae, Deferribacteres, and Desulfovibrio, but lower relative abundances of Atopobiaceae, Bifidobacterium, and Parabacteroides. Mice fed the HFD with PS-MS exhibited lower expression of MUC2 mucin and higher levels of lipopolysaccharide and inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1, and IL-17A] in serum. Correlation analyses revealed that differences in the microbial flora of mice exposed to PS-MS were associated with obesity. Interestingly, microbiota-depleted mice did not show the same PS-MS-associated differences in Muc2 and Tjp1 expression in the distal colon, expression of inflammatory cytokines in serum, or obesity outcomes between HFD and HFD + PS-MS. Importantly, transplantation of feces from HFD + PS-MS mice to microbiota-depleted HFD-fed mice resulted in a lower expression of mucus proteins, higher expression of inflammatory cytokines, and obesity outcomes, similar to the findings in HFD + PS-MS mice. Our findings provide a new gut microbiota-driven mechanism for PS-MS-induced obesity in HFD-fed mice, suggesting the need to reevaluate the adverse health effects of MPs commonly found in daily life, particularly in susceptible populations. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP13913.

Research on Environmental Legal Risks in Foreign Investment of Chinese Transnational Corporations

Since the development of the trend of economic globalization, the number of China's overseas investment projects has risen sharply, but at the same time, the potential environmental problems and risks in the investment process have become evident. This essay discusses the environmental legal risks faced by Chinese transnational enterprises in the process of outbound investment and analyzes the specific impact of host country environmental regulation risk and multilateral treaty environmental regulation risk. As global environmental problems become increasingly serious, the investment activities of transnational corporations (TNCs) may be harmful to the local environment while promoting local economic development. This essay summarizes the current status of research on environmental legal in Chinese and international academia, emphasizes that home countries should take responsibility for environmental protection in their investment places when promoting overseas investment. This essay proposes a strategy covering three dimensions--international level, home country and TNCs, in order to promote the sustainable development of TNCss overseas investment.

Penerapan Data Mining Untuk Klasifikasi Kualitas Udara di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Menggunakan Algoritma C4.5

Air pollution is a global environmental problem that is of serious concern in various regions around the world, including in Indonesia. Poor air quality has negative impacts on human health, ecosystems and economic growth. The purpose of this research is to classify the air quality in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. Classification is done using data mining techniques with the C4.5 algorithm or decision tree. The results of the analysis that has been studied using the C4.5 algorithm used 5822 data and 20 replacement samples with 100 repetitions, so the results of this study obtained 7 decisions or leaves with a success rate of 99.9485% and a failure rate of 0.0515%.

Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of soil salinity and ionic coupling relationship under the water-saving renovation of a typical irrigation district in arid and semi-arid areas

Soil salinization is a global environmental problem. To investigate the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of soil salinity and the coupling relationship of soil salinity ions under water-saving renovation conditions, we chose Shenwu Irrigation Area, where water-saving renovation projects are being conducted comprehensively. Specifically, for our field experiments, we chose 46 soil sampling points. Specifically, we used different spatial interpolation methods and coupling coordination models were applied to study the spatial and temporal distribution of soil salinity and soil salt-based ion coupling relationship changes during different water-saving periods in the irrigation area between 2015 and 2022. The results showed that (1) the emergence of soil salinity extremes after water-saving renovation project led to an increase in the variability of soil salinity. (2) Compared with the Inverse Distance Weighted, Radial Basis Function, and Universal Kriging interpolations, the Mean Absolute Error of the Ordinary Kriging interpolation was reduced by 12.68 %, 43.96 %, and 38.77 %, the Root Mean Square Error was reduced by 14.34 %, 60.85 %, and 36.53 %, reflective of a significant improvement in accuracy, and thus confirming this method to be optimal for elucidating soil salinity. (3) Compared with pre-water-saving renovation project, the average soil desalination rates in the 0–50 cm soil layer during and after project implementation were 5.71 % and 35.67 %. The impact of the water-saving renovation project was highest in channelside areas, followed by croplands, and lowest in lakeside areas. (4) The growth rates of soil salt-based ion coupling degree and coupling coordination degree after project implementation, compared with before implementation, were 17.07 % and 10.81 %. The implementation of water-saving renovation project improved soil quality. This study provides scientific support for the prevention and control of soil salinization in irrigation areas.

Effects and mechanisms of microbial ecology and diversity on phytoremediation of cadmium-contaminated soil under the influence of biodegradable organic acids

In recent years, heavy metal pollution has become a global environmental problem and poses a great threat to the health of people and ecosystems. Therefore, strategies for the effective remediation of Cd from contaminated soil are urgently needed. In this study, ryegrass was utilized as a remediation plant, and its remediation potential was enhanced through the application of Citric Acid (CA) in conjunction with Bacillus megaterium (B. megaterium). The P3 treatment (CA + Bacillus megaterium) exhibited a significantly higher efficiency in promoting cadmium extraction by ryegrass, resulting in a 1.79-fold increase in shoot cadmium accumulation compared to the control group (CK) with no Bacillus megaterium or CA. Moreover, the P3 treatment led to an increased abundance of Actinobacteriota, Acidobacteriota, and Patescibacteria in the rhizosphere. The concentration of amino derivatives (such as betaine, sulfolithocholylglycine, N-alpha-acetyl-lysine, glycocholic acid, arginyl-threonine) showed significant upregulation following the P3 treatment. In summary, this study proposes a viable approach for phytoremediation of soil contaminated with cadmium by harnessing the mobilizing abilities of soil bacteria.

Effects of Long-Term Application of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Soil Acidification and Biological Properties in China: A Meta-Analysis.

Soil acidification is a global environmental problem with significant impacts on agricultural production, environmental protection, and ecosystem health. Soil acidification is widespread in China, affecting crop yields, agricultural product quality, and biodiversity. Since the 1980s, much work has been done on acidic soils in China, but it is controversial whether excessive nitrogen fertilizer application can lead to soil acidification mechanisms. To address the above issues, we conducted a meta-analysis of 115 published papers to integrate and analyze the effects of N fertilizer application on soil acidification and biological properties from 1980 to 2024. We also quantified the effect of nitrogen fertilization on soil acidification and biological changes under different climatic conditions. The results showed that under long-term application of nitrogen fertilizers in China from 1980 to 2024, soil pH decreased by an average of 15.27%, and the activities of soil urease, nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, catalase, glutamate dehydrogenase, and glutamate synthetase decreased by an average of 9.82-22.37%. The soil microbial community richness (Chao1 index) increased by 6.53%, but the community diversity (Shannon index) decreased by 15.42%. Among the dominant soil microorganisms, the relative abundance of bacteria decreased by an average of 9.67-29.38% and the abundance of gene expression of nifH, amoA-AOA, amoA-AOB, and qnorB decreased by 9.92-19.83%. In addition, we found that the mean annual temperature and rainfall impacted soil acidification via their effect on soil microbial diversity and community composition. This study provides a scientific basis for an in-depth understanding of the spatial and temporal variation of soil acidification and biological properties in China.

Research on Pricing Strategy of new Energy Vehicle Market

With the increasingly severe global climate change and environmental problems, new energy vehicles, as an important choice for green travel, have received widespread attention. However, the pricing strategy of the new energy vehicle market has been one of the important challenges facing automakers. Especially in China, as the world's largest automobile market, the pricing strategy of new energy vehicles not only affects the profits of enterprises, but also directly relates to the purchasing decisions of consumers. Taking BYD Auto as an example, as a leader in China's new energy vehicle industry, its pricing strategy has important reference significance for the entire industry. Through literature review, interview and investigation, and content analysis, this paper analyzes and studies the current situation of BYD automobile in terms of pricing strategy, and combines the current situation of China's new energy automobile industry to find out existing problems and propose corresponding optimization measures to improve the performance of new energy automobile enterprises. After in-depth research and analysis, this study draws the following conclusions: BYD Auto's existing pricing strategy has taken into account consumer psychology and market competition environment to a certain extent, but there are still some problems. Therefore, BYD Auto should flexibly adjust its pricing strategy according to changes in the market environment and consumer demand, strengthen communication and interaction with consumers, and improve brand awareness and loyalty. This study provides useful reference and enlightenment for BYD Auto and other new energy vehicle manufacturers, and helps enterprises to formulate more scientific and reasonable pricing strategies to achieve sustainable development.

Microplastic accumulation in a lizard species: Observations from the terrestrial environments

Microplastics are a global environmental problem, polluting both aquatic and terrestrial environments. Terrestrial lizards are suitable model organisms to study human-induced pollution in these areas, as they can live in urbanized areas where microplastics are most abundant. Therefore, we analyzed the prevalence of microplastics (MPs) in a common Lacertid lizard, the snake-eyed lizard, Ophisops elegans. We detected MPs in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of 33 of 152 specimens from 18 populations. The detected MPs had six distinct polymer compositions, namely Polyethylene terephthalate, Polyacrylonitrile, Polypropylene, Polyethylene, Poly methyl methacrylate and Polyamide. The majority of these MPs were fiber-type and the dominant color was navy blue. The lengths of MPs varied from 37 to 563 μm, with an average length of 175 μm. MPs were detected in the GITs of 43% of juveniles (n = 7), 30% of males (n = 105), and 18% of females (n = 40), with a mean of 0.27 per specimen. Furthermore, we found that microplastic densities varied with habitat distance from human settlements, supporting the theory that high levels of microplastic contamination are associated with extensive anthropogenic activity.

Study on fresh and hardened state properties of eco-friendly foamed concrete incorporating waste soda-lime glass

Improper waste management is causing global environmental problems. Waste glass may have adverse impacts on the ecosystem. While a substantial amount of soda-lime glass bottle (SGB) undergoes recycling to create new glass items, a significant volume still ends up in landfills. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the potential use of SGB in foamed concrete (FC) production as an aggregate replacement. SGB was substituted for sand in different weight fractions, ranging from 5 to 50%. The fresh state, mechanical, thermal, pore structure, and transport properties were examined. The findings showed a significant enhancement in the FC’s mechanical properties when SGB replaced 20% of sand. The compressive, flexural, and splitting tensile strengths exhibited a rise of up to 17.7, 39.4, and 43.8%, respectively. The findings also demonstrated that the addition of SGB improved the thermal conductivity, sorptivity, water absorption, and porosity. The scanning electron microscopy analysis indicated that the inclusion of 20% SGB caused a substantial decrease in void diameter and enhanced its uniformity. A comparison was made between the experimental data and predictions of the mechanical properties using various models of international standards, such as IS 456, ACI 318, NZS-3101, EC-02, AS 3600, and CEB-FIB, along with several references in the literature. The findings implied a strong correlation between the strength properties. The outcomes of this research offer valuable insights into both the possible advantages and constraints of using SGB in FC. Furthermore, this extensive laboratory investigation may serve as a guideline for future study and aid in the advancement of greener and more environmentally friendly FC alternatives.

Reinforced Poly (dibenzyl-co-terphenyl piperidinium) Membranes for Highly Durable Anion-Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis

Low-cost anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) is an attractive technology to solve global energy shortage and environmental problems. However, AEMWE suffers from poor performance and durability, leading to problems associated with the lack of qualified anion exchange membranes (AEMs). In this study, a reinforced membrane using PDTP (Poly(dibenzyl-co-terphenyl Piperidinium)) and PE (Polyethylen) was developed to improve performance and durability. Additionally, the effects of support layer and polymer membrane thickness on water electrolysis were observed. Due to the excellent electrochemical properties of filled PDTP, the prepared reinforced membranes exhibit excellent mechanical properties with tensile strength > 112 MPa, elongation at break > 84%, conductivity (96.3 mS cm−1), and dimensional stability (swelling). ratio < 50% at 80°C). More importantly, the AEMWE based on the reinforced membrane exhibits an outstanding current density of 4.86 A cm−2@2.0 V at 2.0 V and voltage decay rate, while simultaneously exhibiting in-situ durability of less than 1 and 2 A cm−2 for 1000 hours at 60°C. That it can be achieved. 0.02 mV h−1 and 0.1 mV h−1, respectively. This study shows that PDTP reinforced composite membrane can effectively improve AEMWE performance and durability.

Review of Methods for Automatic Plastic Detection in Water Areas Using Satellite Images and Machine Learning.

Ocean plastic pollution is one of the global environmental problems of our time. "Rubbish islands" formed in the ocean are increasing every year, damaging the marine ecosystem. In order to effectively address this type of pollution, it is necessary to accurately and quickly identify the sources of plastic entering the ocean, identify where it is accumulating, and track the dynamics of waste movement. To this end, remote sensing methods using satellite imagery and aerial photographs from unmanned aerial vehicles are a reliable source of data. Modern machine learning technologies make it possible to automate the detection of floating plastics. This review presents the main projects and research aimed at solving the "plastic" problem. The main data acquisition techniques and the most effective deep learning algorithms are described, various limitations of working with space images are analyzed, and ways to eliminate such shortcomings are proposed.

Correcting misperceptions about trends and norms to address weak collective action – Experimental evidence from a recycling program

Finding ways to encourage collective action in contexts where only a minority adopts the desired behavior is central to solving many of today’s global environmental problems. We study how correcting people’s beliefs about social norms and behavioral trends encourages collective action in a setting where the desired behavior is not yet prevalent. In a field experiment, we test whether low sign-up rates for a recycling program in urban Peru can be increased by providing information (1) that most people regard participation in the program as important, i.e., on the “injunctive norm”, (2) on an increasing recent trend in sign-up rates. We find that the effectiveness of the treatments depends on people’s prior beliefs: Correcting inaccurate beliefs increases sign-up decisions significantly among people who either substantially underestimate the injunctive norm or who underestimate the positive trend. As this sub-group of people is in the minority in our set-up, we do not observe statistically significant average treatment effects. We further find that the effects of the treatments increase in the level of underestimation. Our evidence demonstrates that belief updating can be used effectively to encourage collective action where it is weak as long as a meaningful number of people underestimates the relevant trends and norms.

THE MEDIATING ROLE OF SERVANT LEADERSHIP IN PREDICTING GREEN MANAGEMENT PRACTICES: A PRELIMINARY STUDY

Green manufacturing practices (GMP) are promoted by the United Nations through an effort known as Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which has been welcomed by Malaysia to address global environmental problems, with manufacturing sectors becoming the primary focus, in line with the National Policy goals to enhance the capacity of the manufacturing sector by 2025. However, Malaysia’s green commitment is less encouraging globally, as most manufacturers are still struggling to implement GMP due to weak leadership, resulting in low acceptance within the organization. Servant leadership is proposed as a mediator to help manufacturers implement GMP effectively, where this leadership is less concerned with the context of green practices in Malaysia. In this paper, the influential factors of GMP implementation will also be identified. A total of 40 factory managers responded to the survey used in a pilot study. The initial results show that the most influential factor is law enforcement, based on mean score, followed by proactive communication and technology advancement. Meanwhile, servant leadership did not mediate the relationships between the business environment and organizational factors, except for individual factors and GMP, as employees are empowered to be creative in their own ways. This study offers new perspectives to manufacturers who intend to maintain their commitment towards GMP.

The Extraction and Characterization of Microplastics of Biocompost and Water Samples Collected from the Different Semi-Urban Agronurseries

ABSTRACT Biocomposting at national and regional levels has recently been recognized as one of the feasible, nature-based solutions to prevent the accumulation and reuse of biodegradable waste in enhanced and effective mitigation measures for urban and semi-urban waste management. Recent research has mainly focused on organic compost contamination, as the negative effects of MP on soil systems have been extensively studied. According to current research, organic compost used as fertilizer on farmland contains many microplastics. In this context, microplastics (MPs) have been regarded as a global environmental problem and an emerging soil contaminant. The physico-chemical properties of water and compost samples were analyzed by APHA and AOAC methods. The extraction of microplastics was done using the density separation. In the current study, agricultural waste-based biocompost and water samples used for the production of biocompost were collected from four different agricultural nurseries in semi-urban areas of the Coimbatore city. The physicochemical properties (including heavy metal content) of the biocompost and water samples tested were on par/equal/lower than Indian standards. Interestingly, in the biocompost samples, 85% of the microplastic fragments and 15% of the fiber types were identified only in BC-B and BC-C, respectively, with different colors such as red, brown, blue, light yellow and transparency. However, no microplastics were found in the biocompost samples of BC-A and BC-D. Microplastic polymers such as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polypropylene (PP), and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) were identified through ATR-FTIR analysis. The results suggest that semi-urban agricultural gardening may lead to the accumulation of microplastics in terrestrial environments, which may negatively impact soil and plant health. This study contributes to growing research into microplastic contamination in organic compost and its potential impact on agriculture and terrestrial ecosystems.

Assessment of gully influencing factors and susceptibility using remote sensing-based frequency ratio method in Sunshui River Basin, Southwest China.

Gully erosion is a serious global environmental problem associated with land degradation and ecosystem security. Examining the influencing factors of gullies and determining susceptibility hold significance in environmental sustainability. The study evaluates the spatial distribution, influencing factors, and susceptibility of gullies in the Sunshui River Basin in Sichuan Province, Southwest China. The frequency ratio method supported by satellite images and the gully inventory dataset (1614 gully head points) with different influencing factors were applied to assess the distribution and susceptibility of gullies. Additionally, gully head points were grouped into a training set (70%, 1130 points) and a test set (30%, 484 points). Spatial distribution results indicated that most gullies are located in the middle and upper part of the basin, characterized by moderate elevation (2100-3300m), steep slopes (11.63-27.34°), abandoned farmland, and Cambisols soil, and fewer gullies are located in lower part characterized by lower elevation, gentle slopes, and low vegetation coverage. Land use and land cover influence on susceptibility is significantly greater than other factors with a prediction rate of 33.9, especially farmland abandonment, while the occurrence of gullies is also more often on southwest-orientated slopes. Gully susceptibility highlighted that the study area affected by the very low, low, moderate, high, and very high susceptibilities to these gullies covered an area of about 16%, 23%, 32%, 26%, and 3% of the total basin respectively, which indicates 61% of the study area is susceptible to gully erosion. Moderate to high susceptibility is situated in the upper and middle part, consistent with the spatial distribution of gullies in the basin, and very high susceptibility (3%) is distributed in both the lower and upper parts of the basin. These results have important implications for soil loss control, land planning, and integrated watershed management in the mountainous areas of Southwest China.

Clashes of knowledge: ‘Green deal’ concepts and challenges for sustainable rural systems

The content-related scope of the article includes primarily an attempt to take a broad look at the issues of research topics undertaken in research on sustainable development of rural areas. This topic is of great importance in the context of global environmental problems and various concepts of the ‘green deal’ included in the development policies of countries, primarily the EU member states. These issues were the subject of considerations during the 30th Annual Colloquium of the Commission on the Sustainability of Rural Systems of the International Geographical Union, which took place on June 5–9, 2023 at the University of Lodz, at the Faculty of Geographical Sciences. To comprehensively identify the topic, the methodology of content analysis of the abstracts submitted by the authors was used. This approach and the analysis of the sample of research papers presented at the conference made it possible to identify key issues related to sustainable development of rural areas. The approach used shed light on the relationship between society and nature, and revealed a variety of perspectives and solutions proposed by researchers from around the world. An attempt to integrate the thoughts of many scientists (conference participants) and highlight basic issues in the field of sustainable development of rural areas led to the construction of a model of environmental research in relation to the geographical specificity of understanding reality. This specific thought study (synthesis of views) highlights the importance of different perspectives and knowledge systems in understanding the foundations of sustainable rural development. The content-related analysis of the conference abstracts revealed four groups of processes influencing the sustainable development of rural areas, i.e. exploitation of natural resources and its social context, changes in land use, building social awareness of environmental threats and the evolution of connections between urban and rural areas.

Biofilms on Plastic Debris and the Microbiome.

Plastic pollution has become a global environmental problem, and the large number of microorganisms attached to plastic debris in the environment has become a hot topic due to their rapid response to pollutants and environmental changes. In this study, we used high-throughput sequencing to investigate the microbial community structure of and explore the metagenome in the biofilm of two types of plastic debris, polystyrene (PS) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and compared them with a water sample collected at the sampling site. The phylum Proteobacteria dominated both the PET and PS samples, at 93.43% and 65.95%, respectively. The metagenome data indicated that the biofilm is enriched with a number of hydrocarbon (petroleum, microplastics, etc.) degrading genes. Our results show that the type of plastic determined the bacterial community structure of the biofilm, while the environment had relatively little effect.

Precise design and construction of NiO-Ni heterostructures for active hydrogen evolution photocatalysis

The design of metal-oxide-metal heterostructure photocatalysts is an effective and widely used approach to solve global environmental problems. In this work, we designed and prepared a NiO-rich NiO-Ni heterostructure in an N-doped carbon matrix as a photocatalyst using a simple chemical method for hydrogen evolution reactions. It has an optimal photocatalytic hydrogen production rate of 1395 μmol. g−1. h−1, which is ∼8 times higher than that of Ni rich NiO-Ni (178 μmol. g−1. h−1). Combined experimental results demonstrate that such a good performance benefits from the specific NiO-Ni interface, which could improve the utilization of sunlight and charge separation efficiency. Moreover, this interface contributes to improved structural stability during the photocatalytic reactions, ensuring superior catalytic performance. This work provides a new strategy for the design and synthesis of efficient precious-metal-free heterostructure catalysts for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reactions.

Global bioethics in european context

The article analyses the foundations and principles of global bioethics in the European ethical, legal and philosophical contexts. An analysis of European bioethics shows that there are at least three modern models of European bioethics: bioethics as metaethics; bioethics as biolaw; bioethics as applied biomedical ethics. European bioethics originates in the global bioethics of V.R. Potter and F. Jahr, and encompasses not only moral issues of medicine and public health, but also global environmental and social problems. In this context, the convergence of the natural and the human is seen as a rehabilitation of practical philosophy, a further study and development of the principles of practical reason, understood by analogy with the objective laws of nature. The study of constitutions, legislative and legal regulations of European countries has revealed a variety of bioethical principles in the field of biomedicine. However, at the level of legislation in biomedicine, there is a certain influence of the American model of bioethics, biomedical ethics, which is manifested in the principlism methodology and the weak connection between medical and environmental issues. Global bioethics in the European context is characterized by an intensification of bioethical reflection, social relationships and legislative activity in biomedicine within pan-European structures, such as the European Council and the European Union. The defining feature of global bioethics as a phenomenon of European culture and ethos is that its principles can be “activated” only as a semantic and logical integrity. Bioethical principles serve as a kind of harmonising factor of European biopolitics.