This article about the long journey of Islamic civilization, tracing its glory to the top position and its decline to the next period. Islamic civilization played an important role in the development of global knowledge, culture, politics, and economics especially during the Golden Age during the reigns of great caliphs such as the Umayyad, Abbasid and Andalusian dynasties. This article reviews the various internal and external factors involved in the establishment of the dynasty, including the intellectual contributions of Muslim scholars and a stable system of government. Instead, this article also discusses the causes of the decline of Islamic civilization, such as internal conflicts, intellectual stagnation, and colonialism. Through the approach of a story fund, this article aims to provide an understanding of the dynamics that shaped the course of Islamic civilization, as well as lessons that can be taken for potential revival in the current era. This study employs a historical-analytical approach by examining classical and contemporary sources to capture the continuity and transformation of Islamic civilization over time. The discussion highlights how religious values, scientific inquiry, and cultural openness became key drivers of civilizational progress. Furthermore, the article emphasizes the interaction between Islamic civilization and other civilizations, which contributed to mutual knowledge exchange and global development. By analyzing past successes and failures, this article underscores the relevance of Islamic civilization in addressing modern challenges.

US Policy Shifts and the Changing Global Economic Landscape: What Implications for Europe?

This paper presents a critical strategic analysis of international carbon pricing and its environmental, economic, and social impacts. It examines and reviews the impact of carbon taxes and emissions trading systems (ETS) on the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, technological innovation, and structural change over the long term through systematic literature review and content analysis. This study also considers distributional equity, competitiveness, administrative capacity, and carbon leakage risk and concludes that a carbon price is not a pillar to be used to attain the level of decarburization that would be needed to meet international climate targets but a complementary pillar that should be combined with stronger regulatory, fiscal, and industrial policies. Global cooperation, better policy formulation, strategic revenue application, and emphasis on social equity are thus important in the effectiveness and legitimacy of carbon pricing at the international level.

Abstract Amid global carbon neutrality goals, carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) is gaining momentum. While Europe and North America leverage carbon pricing and subsidies to industrialize CCUS, China’s policies remain advisory, hindered by weak carbon markets and low pricing. This study analyzes global CCUS economics, revealing heavy reliance on subsidies (70%–80% capture costs dominate expenses), environmental risks (e.g. leakage), and profitability challenges for CO2-enhanced oil recovery above USD 30.8 per ton. To advance China’s CCUS industrialization, we recommend accelerating technology innovation, developing cluster hubs, and integrating fiscal incentives with regulatory frameworks to ensure economic viability and sustainability.

Insects acting as agricultural pests or disease vectors represent some of the greatest challenges to global health, food security and economics. Diverse technologies to combat insects of economic and medical importance have been and are continually being developed. These include natural and synthetic chemical insecticides and repellents, mass-trapping approaches and, more recently, an increasingly wide range of biological as well as genetic manipulations of insect vectors/pests. The increase in biological resistance and cross-resistance to many insecticides and repellents, the rapid expansion of human populations, as well as escalating climate change have extended or shifted the active periods and habitats of many insect species, creating new hurdles for attempts to defend humans from insects. At the same time, environmental, ecological and socio-political concerns continue to impact the utility of both current interventions as well as newly emerging innovative strategies. The near exponential increase in insect-based threats highlights the importance of basic and translational studies to design and develop novel technologies to combat detrimental insect populations. This review outlines the history of these challenges and describes the evolution of chemical insect control technologies, while highlighting existing and contemporary approaches to develop and deploy chemical repellents to address this threat to human health and agriculture.

The halal fashion industry is one of the main subsectors in the global halal economy that shows significant growth along with the increasing Muslim population of the world, awareness of the halal lifestyle, and the development of creative industries based on sharia values. This study aims to predict the development of the market size of the global halal fashion industry using a time series quantitative approach. The data used is sourced from the Global Islamic Economics Report (GIER) for the period 2012–2017. The forecasting methods used include Trend Analysis, Multiplicative Decomposition, and Exponential Smoothing with Trend, with the help of POM-QM software version 3. The results of the study show that the global halal fashion industry is predicted to continue to grow in the medium term, with an estimated market value in 2019 in the range of USD 274–279 billion. Based on the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) value, the Trend Analysis and Multiplicative Decomposition methods show a relatively better level of accuracy than Exponential Smoothing with Trend. These findings affirm the positive outlook of the global halal fashion industry and the importance of using the right forecasting methods as the basis for the formulation of business strategies and policies for the halal industry.

This paper presents a critical strategic analysis of international carbon pricing and its environmental, economic, and social impacts. This discussion will rely on peer-reviewed articles, policy reports, and empirical studies that have been published between 2007-2024. It examines the effect of carbon taxes and emissions trading systems (ETS) in reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, technological innovation, and long-term structural change using a systematic literature review and content analysis. Distributional equity, competitiveness, administrative capacity, and risk of carbon leakage are also examined in the study. It also analyzes the complementary tools such as voluntary carbon markets, carbon border adjustments (CBAM), revenue-recycling frameworks and just transition frameworks. It shows that carbon pricing alone cannot be used to achieve the level of decarbonization required to meet international climate targets, but is an important pillar when used in conjunction with more robust regulatory, fiscal and industrial policies. International coordination, better policy design, better revenue utilization and social fairness are important in maximizing the effectiveness and legitimacy of carbon pricing across the globe. This paper provides policy implications to policymakers, scholars, and climate negotiators to develop sustainable and equitable carbon pricing systems.

In-depth analysis of international trade policies reveals their significant impacts on global economic growth, employment, technological progress, and other key areas. However, various factors must be considered in formulating and imple-menting trade policies to avoid negative consequences. Looking ahead, as the global economy continues to evolve, there is an urgent need to further improve the international trade policy system and promote the sustainable development of the global economy. Free trade policies are regarded as the ideal path to maximize welfare for partic-ipating countries, while protectionist trade policies are often criticized as the culprit behind welfare losses. Nevertheless, when examining the intricate land-scape of the real economy, trade protectionism persists extensively, leading to a noticeable divergence between theory and practice. A closer inspection reveals that international trade policies of various countries exhibit diverse characteris-tics shaped by different historical periods, developmental stages, and volatile international environments and conditions.

The halal travel industry is one of the fastest-growing sectors in the global Islamic economic ecosystem. As the number of the world's Muslim population increases, the need for tourism services in accordance with sharia principles is also increasing. This study aims to predict the market share (market size) of the global halal travel industry using historical data for the period 2012–2017. Data was obtained from the Global Islamic Economics Report (GIER) 2018 published by Thomson Reuters. The analysis methods used include Trend Analysis, Multiplicative Decomposition, and Exponential Smoothing with Trend with the help of POM-QM software version 3. The results of the study show that in general, the market share of the global halal travel industry has experienced a significant increasing trend. Based on the forecasting accuracy indicator measured through the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) value, the Trend Analysis and Multiplicative Decomposition methods show a relatively better level of accuracy than the Exponential Smoothing with Trend method. These findings are expected to be a reference for policymakers and industry players in formulating strategies for the development of the halal travel industry at the global level.

Objectives: This study aims to explore global research trends in pharmacoeconomics over the past decade through a bibliometric analysis of publications from 2015 to 2024. Methods: A bibliomet-ric analysis of pharmacoeconomic research articles published between 2015 and 2024, sourced from the PubMed database, was conducted using a structured search strategy targeting economic evaluation terms in combination with drug-related keywords. Data were analyzed using the Bib-lioshiny interface of the bibliometrix R package to assess publication trends, journal and institutional productivity, international collaboration, and thematic evolution. Citation data were further en-riched using metadata retrieved via the CrossRef REST API utilizing the httr, jsonlite, dplyr, and purrr packages in R. Results: The most prolific journals included Journal of Medical Economics , Pharma-coeconomics, andPLOS ONE. Foundational concepts such as ''cost-effectiveness analysis'' and ''sys-tematic review'' remained dominant throughout the decade. Since 2020, disease-specific terms like ''type diabetes'', ''chronic hepatitis'', ''lung cancer'', and ''urothelial carcinoma'' gained promi-nence, reflecting increasing interest in evaluating interventions for high-burden diseases. When considering all-author affiliations, China had the highest number of publications. However, when limited to corresponding authors, typically indicating research leadership, the United States and the United Kingdom led in output and citation impact. Conclusion: This bibliometric review highlights significant trends in pharmacoeconomics research over the last decade. There is a growing empha-sis on evaluating therapies for infectious and chronic diseases, with strong contributions from US-and UK-based institutions. These findings can guide future research priorities, funding allocation,and collaborative strategies in global health economics.

Oceans and seas have an important impact on economic growth, environmental sustainability, and human wellbeing. Unfortunately, marine ecosystem services are exploited due to marine degradation, such as plastic pollution, ocean acidification, and dumping of industrial chemical but it is most and severely affected by oil spills. The current study attempts to check the validation of Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis for global marine degradation by using time series econometrics techniques with structural breaks. The world level data time series data on oil spillage, oil consumption and GDP per capita is used, covering the time period of 50 years from 1970 to 2019. The results concluded that there is an existence of inverted U-shaped between marine degradation and global economic activities. The turning point has already appeared in the dataset, most probably, due to the shifting trend from non-renewable energy to renewable energy as well as various conventions and laws being introduced on the prevention of marine oil spillage.

Stock market forecasting represents a cornerstone of modern finance. In this field, the ability to predict even marginal improvements in forecasting accuracy translates to billions in enhanced returns and reduced losses. Recently, the emergence of machine learning techniques has challenged the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH). This hypothesis predicts that the developed markets should demonstrate a lower predictability than emerging markets due to superior information efficiency. While research related to market forecasting using novel models has proliferated, the existing literature lacks exploration of its effectiveness in comparison with other statistical methods and across different economic entities. To address these gaps, this paper presents an empirical framework that systematically evaluates forecasting performance across eight major economies representing both developed and emerging markets using a rolling window cross-validation approach. Using World Bank Global Economic Monitor data from the 21st century, this research tested seven distinct models, ranging from Random Walk benchmarks to traditional econometric approaches and advanced machine learning techniques. As a result, the implementation reveals a paradoxical finding: emerging markets demonstrate systematically higher forecasting errors compared to developed markets, contradicting theoretical predictions that less efficient markets should be more predictable.

Root phosphatase activity (RPA) is a key physiological trait that indicates plant phosphorus (P) acquisition ability, representing significant carbon investment and P gain. However, it is unclear how RPA is coordinated with key traits for nutrient acquisition. We analyzed a global dataset across 514 species from 83 studies to investigate how RPA is correlated with other key traits and its position within the global root economics space (RES) framework. We found that RPA exhibits significant coordination and trade-off with root morphological traits, yet remains independent of root branching and mycorrhizal colonization. Root nitrogen (N) and P concentrations were positively and negatively correlated with RPA, respectively. Moreover, we observed significantly higher RPA in N-fixers than in nonfixers, demonstrating the higher P-mining ability of N-fixers. Incorporating RPA into the classic RES, our findings support the multidimensional RES framework, showing a closer alignment of RPA with the acquisitive end of the conservation dimension. Our findings clarify how RPA is integrated into the global RES and contribute to an integrative understanding of plants' belowground strategies, with implications for plant form and ecosystem functioning.

This study investigates how the integration of the creative economy and the halal industry can serve as a strategic mechanism to strengthen global economic inclusivity, with Pekalongan City as the empirical focus. The research aims to analyze the contribution of batik, Muslim fashion, and halal culinary sectors to local identity and economic growth, identify obstacles faced by micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), and formulate strategies to improve their competitiveness. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, this study adopts a structured literature review of peer-reviewed journal articles, government documents, and relevant international reports to ensure reliable and up-to-date sources. The analysis shows that although the creative sectors hold strong cultural and economic value, MSMEs are constrained by limited digital literacy, inadequate access to inclusive financing, and fragmented halal certification systems. The findings indicate that integrating digital transformation, sharia-compliant financing schemes, and harmonized halal standards can enhance MSME capabilities, expand global market access, and strengthen international recognition. Overall, the study concludes that synergy between the creative economy and the halal industry can build a sustainable ecosystem that promotes innovation and inclusiveness while preserving Pekalongan’s cultural distinctiveness in the global economy.

The induction motors are once again becoming increasingly more popular due to the shifts in global politics and economics. With this increased interest, there is a growing need for even better control solutions, especially for the automotive industry, which requires high safety standars. This study presents a new sliding mode control method for induction motor torque control that aims to accelerate the flux dynamics response and grant robustness. The method employs two sliding mode controllers, one for each of the dq-frame axes. The q-axis is controlled with a well-known time-varying sliding mode to ensure rapid response of the system. The d-axis is controlled with a sliding mode employing both current and flux error values in order to decrease d-axis flux time constant. The proposed method is analyzed theoretically, and the obtained results are confronted with the practical results obtained through experiments on a typical induction machine.

This study investigates the transformation of contemporary fiqh muamalah practices at Maahad Vokasional Aman Bistari Selangor (MVABS), focusing on the dynamics of ijtihad jamā‘ī and the methodologies of legal reasoning (istinbāṭ al-ḥukm) in addressing challenges arising from modern economic transactions. The research is driven by the need to bridge the epistemological gap between classical Islamic legal thought and the realities of digital finance and global Islamic economics. Adopting a qualitative case study design, data were obtained through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and document analysis, then examined using thematic analysis. The findings reveal a distinctive model of collective ijtihad that integrates maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah principles with the operational mechanisms of contemporary financial systems. This integration has resulted in a contextualized framework of fiqh muamalah that supports the formulation of adaptive legal opinions (fatāwā) aligned with modern socio-economic realities. The study’s novelty lies in demonstrating how a vocational-based pesantren can function as a living laboratory of Islamic law, producing dynamic, applicable jurisprudence while maintaining fidelity to classical traditions. Conceptually, this research contributes to the development of living fiqh theory in Islamic education, and practically, it provides a replicable model for designing responsive Islamic legal and economic governance in the digital era.

This study aims to determine the impact of an economic crisis on the quality of disclosed financial figures in balance sheet and profit and loss (P&L) statements. Recently, the COVID-19 pandemic caused a global economic crisis, providing a unique opportunity to examine its impact. In the European Union, the requirements for disclosing information in financial statements depend on the enterprise size group. EU directives categorize enterprises into four (or three) size groups. In this study, we demonstrate that the quality of disclosed balance sheets and P&L in financial statements prepared according to the International Financial Reporting Standards and for small enterprises is acyclical, that for micro enterprises it is cyclical, and that for large enterprises it is countercyclical. The results provide significant information not only for financial statement users but also for policymakers and regulatory bodies.

Abstract The 2024 Global Economic Prospects report by the International Monetary Fund highlighted the crucial role of emerging economies in driving global economic growth. Due to their active participation in global supply chains, these emerging economies generate large amounts of methane emissions to supply the required products to the global economy. While existing research has investigated the displacement of methane emissions between nations via interregional trade, the geospatial details of global methane footprint in emerging economies, which are crucial for pinpointing location‐specific mitigation strategies, remain unknown. This study addressed this gap by connecting high‐resolution methane emission maps from Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research with the Exiobase muti‐regional input‐output trade database, and generated spatially explicit hotspot maps of global methane footprint in emerging economies from 1995 to 2021. Results revealed that the methane footprint of global consumption in emerging economies is primarily concentrated in resource‐rich, agriculture‐intensive, and well‐connected areas, with major regions contributing to 70% of total methane emissions in emerging economies. The displacement of methane emissions from economically‐developed regions to emerging economies has consistently increased from 1995 to 2021, with the European Union, the United States, and the Rest of the World Europe collectively accounting for 70% of global methane emissions in 2021. Evolution trends and policy implications were presented for main sectoral agents including Fuel exploitation, Enteric fermentation, and Agricultural soil. The outcomes of this study can contribute to identifying emission hotspots in emerging economies and informing international cooperation efforts aimed at reducing methane emissions.

Development and evaluation of a capillary electrophoresis-based multiplex RT-PCR kit set for detection of upper respiratory tract pathogens.

This study analyses the global patterns of intellectual capital protection, showing how cybersecurity functions as a key mechanism for preserving knowledge assets that support economic development and national security. Using a dataset of 3,772 publications indexed in the Web of Science (2000–2025), a comprehensive bibliometric analysis uncovers the global dynamics driving scientific productivity in this emerging field. The results reveal significant differences in national performance, assessed by publication output, citation impact, and collaboration intensity. The United States and China lead in both volume and influence, acting as key global hubs of international activity. Research networks that enhance global visibility through partnerships. At the author level, the findings indicate that scholarly impact relies less on quantity and more on visibility, collaboration, and citation resonance, highlighting a shift from productivity-driven to influence-oriented research recognition. Overall, the study shows that IC–cybersecurity scholarship is shaped by a highly concentrated global structure, where a few leading nations and influential authors set the intellectual agenda through sustained collaboration and cross-disciplinary engagement.Copyright© 2025 The Author(s). This article is distributed under the terms of the license CC-BY 4.0., which permits any further distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Article’s history: Received 15th of October, 2025; Revised 6th of November, 2025; Accepted 21th of November, 2025; Available online: 30th of December, 2025. Published as article in the Volume XX, Winter, Issue 4(90), December, 2025.