Glide Path Files Research Articles

Influence of operator's experience on the quality and success rate of root canal treatment with new nickel-titanium instruments

Objective: To analyze the influence of operator's experience on the quality and success rate of root canal treatment with new nickel-titanium instruments, providing support for improving the success rate of root canal treatment with new nickel-titanium instruments in clinic. Methods: Cases of root canal treatment and non-surgical root canal retreatment with 6-12 months recall performed by residents (resident group) with experience of 1-3 years and endodontic specialists (specialist group) with experience of 5-7 years were collected from the electronic medical system of the Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, from September 2020 to August 2021. All cases were prepared by engine-driven glide path files and controlled memory nickel-titanium finishing files. Chi-square test and logistic regression were used to analyze the differences and influencing factors of complications, filling quality and success rate of root canal treatment between the two groups. Results: A total of 277 cases performed by 24 residents and 3 specialists were included, 169 in the resident group and 108 in the specialist group. The clinical incidence of flare-ups was significantly higher in the resident group [3.6% (6/169)] than in the specialist group [0(0/108)] (P=0.048). There were no significant differences in ledges, root canal transportations, perforations, or instrument separations between the two groups (P>0.05). The prevalence of satisfactory fillings was 62.7% (106/169) in the resident group, which was significantly lower than that in the specialist group [86.1% (93/108)] (P<0.05). The success rate of root canal treatment was 91.7% (155/169) and 94.4% (102/108) in the resident group and the specialist group, respectively, with no significant differences (χ2=0.73,P=0.392). Multivariate analysis showed that the success rate of root canal treatment was related to complications and quality of root fillings (P<0.05). Conclusions: Higher success rate of root canal treatment could be achieved by residents and endodontic specialists with engine-driven glide path files and controlled memory nickel-titanium files.

Apically extruded debris evaluation with the use of ProTaper Ultimate and TruNatomy files systems with and without glider preparation in primary tooth.

Information regarding the influence of resorption and glide paths on debris extrusion in primary teeth is lacking. Therefore, we evaluated debris extrusion with and without resorption and with and without the use of a path file in primary molar teeth prepared with ProTaper Ultimate (PTU) Prime and TruNatomy (TRN) Prime rotary file systems. Forty resorbed and forty non-resorbed primary molar teeth were collected. Both groups were divided into four subgroups (n = 10). The Eppendorf tubes were weighed pre-debris. The distal canals of the teeth were prepared with PTU Prime and TRN Prime file systems, with and without the use of path files. The debris-filled tubes were weighed, and the weight of only the extruded debris was calculated by subtraction. The data were analyzed using a three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. The presence of tooth resorption significantly increased debris extrusion, and the use of a path file significantly decreased debris extrusion (p < 0.001). The binary and ternary interactions of the three evaluated parameters among the groups showed no significant differences in terms of the amount of debris extruded (p > 0.05). While debris extrusion was observed in all groups, the use of a glide path file in primary teeth before the preparation process resulted in less debris extrusion.

Shaping ability of HyFlex EDM and ProTaper Gold files with or without using glide path files: An in vitro study

Abstract Introduction: The necessity of using a glide path before the canal preparation is inconclusive. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the shaping ability of two rotary systems in the maxillary first molars’ first mesiobuccal canal (MB1), with or without employing the glide path files. Materials and Methods: The MB1 canals of 100 extracted molars were randomly prepared using either HyFlex EDM (HEDM) or ProTaper Gold (PTG) systems (n = 50 each). Half of the samples in each group were prepared using ProGlider (PG) or HyFlex EDM Glide (HEG). The cone-beam computed tomography scanning was conducted before and after the instrumentation. The canal transportation, centering ability, and remaining dentin thickness were evaluated and compared between the groups using the independent sample t-test and Mann–Whitney U-test (α =0.05). Results: Using HEDM compared to PTG led to greater centering ability at the sub-furcation area (P &lt; 0.05), lower canal transportation at 2 mm below furcation (P = 0.025), and more dentin removed at the middle area (P = 0.011). The systems’ centering ability and canal transportation were comparable when path files were used. Utilizing HEG with HEDM decreased dentin removal at 2 mm below furcation (P = 0.045) and middle area (P = 0.008). Canal preparation with HEDM-HEG caused less dentin removal at 2 mm below furcation than PTG-PG (P = 0.007). Conclusions: The HEDM system outperformed PTG regarding centering ability in the sub-furcation areas and canal transportation 2 mm below the furcation. However, HEDM showed more dentin removal in the middle region than PTG, which was resolved when HEG was used. Therefore, using PathFile with the HEDM system might be suggested.

Evaluation of apically extruded debris following glide-path preparation with different file systems.

The amount of apically extruded debris following glide-path preparation of mesial root of 120 freshly extracted human mandibular molar teeth using Senseus ProFinder files, PathFile, G-Files, Scout-RaCe files, HyFlex glidepath files and V glide-path two file system is of interest. The Eppendorf tubes were used as test equipment for collecting debris and the average weight of the debris was measured using an electronic micro-balancing system. It was observed that regardless of the file system utilized, debris was expelled from the apex. The G files resulted in a lower quantity of debris being extruded (0.070 ± 0.002 mg). In contrast, the V glide-path two file system exhibited the highest amount of debris extrusion (0.110 ± 0.004 mg) compared to all other file systems.

Effect of Multiple Glide Path Files on Apical Debris Extrusion in Severely Curved Mesial Roots of Mandibular Molars: An In Vitro Study

Effect of Multiple Glide Path Files on Apical Debris Extrusion in Severely Curved Mesial Roots of Mandibular Molars: An In Vitro Study

Flexural behavior and thermal analysis of two post-machined glide path files with different kinematics in artificial dilacerated canal

Flexural behavior and thermal analysis of two post-machined glide path files with different kinematics in artificial dilacerated canal

Comparison of torsional, bending, and buckling resistances of different nickel-titanium glide path files

Comparison of torsional, bending, and buckling resistances of different nickel-titanium glide path files

Formação de defeitos dentinários durante o preparo do canal radicular por limas Trunatomy com e sem glide path

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the occurrence of dentinal defects on the apical surface after rotary instrumentation at different working lengths with Trunatomy Prime system, with or without the use of a glide path file. Methods: Twenty human single-rooted mandibular premolars were selected and divided into 2 experimental groups (n=10). GTP group (Glide Path + Trunatomy Prime), the TP group (Trunatomy Prime). Results: To check the agreement between the examiners, the Kappa test was performed. Subsequently, the results were subjected to the Shapiro-Wilk normality test. The sample showed abnormal behavior and were subjected to the non-parametric Mann Whitney test with a significance level of 5%. No significant difference was found between the groups. Conclusion: It is concluded that there was no causal relationship with the formation of dentin defects with and without the use of glide path files at different limits of instrumentation with Trunatomy files.

Screw-in force, torque generation, and performance of glide-path files with three rotation kinetics.

We aimed to evaluate the screw-in force, torque generation, and performance of three nickel-titanium (NiTi) glide-path files with different rotational kinetics. ProTaper Ultimate Slider (PULS) and HyFlex EDM Glide-path (HEDG) files were used for canal shaping with constant rotation (CON) or the alternative rotation technique (ART). In the ART mode, the NiTi file was periodically rotated at a speed of 1.5 times faster than that in the CON mode. WaveOne Gold Glider was used with reciprocating motion (WOGG_RCP). Sixty J-shaped resin blocks were assigned to five groups: PULS_CON, PULS_ART, HEDG_CON, HEDG_ART, and WOGG_RCP (n = 12). Glide-path preparation was performed using an automated pecking device. During glide-path preparation, the screw-in force and clockwise and counterclockwise torques were recorded and the number of pecking motions required to reach the working length was determined. The centering ratio was calculated after glide-path preparation using stereomicroscopic images. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance with the Games-Howell post hoc test and the Kruskal-Wallis test with Bonferroni correction. PULS_ART generated a lower maximum screw-in force than PULS_CON. The average number of pecking motions required to reach the working length by HEDG_ART was lower than that by HEDG_CON. The mean centering ratios of PULS_CON and HEDG_CON were -0.04 and -0.06, respectively, while those of PULS_ART, HEDG_ART, and WOGG_RCP were 0.09, 0.01, and 0.08, respectively. The ART mode reduced the screw-in force of PULS and enabled faster glide-path preparation with the HEDG file.

Evaluation of Pain Following the Use of Different Single-file Glide Path Systems: A Randomized Clinical Trial

IntroductionThis study aimed to evaluate postoperative pain intensity following glide-path preparation using the ProGlider (PG) and WaveOne Gold Glider (WOGG) systems in asymptomatic teeth with necrotic pulp and periapical lesions. MethodsIn this randomized clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05955742) maxillary and mandibular molars with asymptomatic apical periodontitis of 78 patients (age, 18–65 years) were included. The patients were randomly divided into 3 groups: control (n = 26), PG (n = 26), and WOGG (n = 26). All the systems were used according to the manufacturer's instructions, and all the root canal treatments were completed by a single operator within 2 sessions. Postoperative pain was assessed using a numerical rating scale at 6, 12, 18, 24, 48, and 72 hours. Analgesics administered and abscess formation were also recorded. Statistical analyses were performed using the Mann–Whitney U, Bonferroni Dunn, Friedman, Chi-square, and Fisher exact tests. ResultsThe postoperative pain at 12 and 18 hours was lower in the WOGG group than in the other groups (P < .05). The postoperative pain scores at 6 and 24 hours were higher among women than among men (P < .05). The highest postoperative pain scores were observed at 6 hours (P < .05). ConclusionsThe WOGG glide-path file system was associated with less postoperative pain than the other systems. Abscess formation and analgesic use were higher in the PG group than in the other groups. Postoperative pain was greater in women than in men.

Evaluation of shaping ability of different glide path instruments: a micro-computed tomography study

BackgroundThis study aimed to compare the shaping ability of different instruments, TruNatomy Glider (TRN-G), WaveOne Gold Glider (WOG-G), and ProGlider (Pro-G) using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT).MethodsThe mesial canals of 27 mandibular molars with two separate mesial canals and moderate curvature were included in this study [n = 27 mesiobuccal (MB) and mesiolingual (ML) root canal]. According to the manufacturer’s instructions, the glide path was created with TRN-G, WOG-G, and Pro-G glide path instruments (n = 9 MB and ML root canal in each group). Micro-CT scanning was performed before and after preparation. Mesiodistal (MD) and buccolingual (BL) transportation and the centering ratio were measured at three levels within the canal (3, 5 and 7 mm). A three-way robust ANOVA was used to compare the parameters.ResultsTRN-G showed significantly greater transportation in the MD direction than the other instruments throughout the root canal (overall root canal) (p < 0.05). The best centering ability in the BL direction was shown by the WOG-G, regardless of level within the canal and canal distinction (MB vs. ML) (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between groups according to the level within the canal and canal parameters (p > 0.05). Whether the root canal was MB or ML did not affect centering or transportation (p > 0.05).ConclusionsGlide path instruments can be used to shape moderately curved canals with minimal apical transportation and better centering ability. All three tested glide path files can used safely before the shaping file.

Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of Different Glide Path Files in Simulated Double Curved Canal in Continuous Rotary Motion: An In Vitro Study.

This in vitro study aimed to compare and evaluate the resistance to cyclic fatigue of a newly developed glide path file in a simulated double curvature canal in a cyclic fatigue-testing machine. In this in vitro study, a static cyclic fatigue-testing machine with a simulated double curve was created and the samples were divided into the following three groups: Group I-HyFlex EDM; group II-TruNatomy file; and group III-Aurum G files and each instrument is continued to rotate in the canal and a number of cycles to failure (NCF) was calculated and Fractographic analysis was done using scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the results were statistically analyzed. Statistical analysis was done using parametric methods one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) shows statistical significance between groups and then Tukey's HSD post hoc tests were used for multiple pairwise comparisons. TruNatomy glide path files had the highest cyclic fatigue resistance when compared to HyFlex EDM and Aurum G files. The selection of file systems in cleaning and shaping protocols is an enigma to endodontics. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that TruNatomy files had higher cyclic fatigue resistance than other glide path files are canals with double curvature, hence it is suitable for usage in root canals with extreme curvature. The selection of file systems in cleaning and shaping protocols is an enigma to endodontics. This in vitro study explored the selection protocols for the execution of root canal preparation. Heat treatment of nickel-titanium (NiTi) endodontic files had improved the cyclic fatigue resistance significantly enhancing the clinical life of file systems.

Comparative Evaluation of Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of Four Different Glide Path Files in S Shaped Artificial Canal

Comparative Evaluation of Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of Four Different Glide Path Files in S Shaped Artificial Canal

Comparison of the effect of different glide path files on amount of apically extruded debris in curved root canals.

It is essential to create a glide path before root canal preparation with nickel-titanium rotary files to avoid file breakage and preserve the original canal structure. The aim of this study was to compare the amount of apically extruded debris after using different glide path files. A total of 96 first mandibular molars with curved mesial roots were randomly divided into six groups (n=16) which are K-files, Proglider, R-Pilot, TruNatomy Glider, WaveOne Gold Glider and group without a glide path. Apically extruded debris was measured after glide path and canal preparation. The highest amount of debris was found in the control group without a glide path and using a glide path file caused less debris and significant differences were observed between R-Pilot, TruNatomy Glider, ProGlider, WaveOne Gold Glider and K-file groups. It may be recommended to create a glide path before root canal shaping to reduce the amount of extrusion debris from the apical. Especially in curved and narrow root canals, it is recommended to use an R-Pilot file before root canal shaping in order to reduce the amount of apically extruded debris.

Effect of different glide path establishing systems on apically extruded debris in curved root canals – An in vitro study

ABSTRACT Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different glide path establishing systems when used along with WaveOne Gold (WOG) single-file reciprocating system and ProTaper Gold (PTG) rotary multifile system on apically extruded debris in curved root canals. Methods: Eighty extracted mandibular molar teeth with curved mesial roots were selected for this study. Specimens were randomly divided into eight experimental groups according to the root canal preparation (n = 10): Group 1 (WOG + H and K-file), Group 2 (WOG+ G-Files),Group 3 (WOG+ One G), Group 4 (WOG + ProGlider), Group 5 (PTG + Hand K-file), Group 6 (PTG+ G-Files), Group7 (PTG+ One G), and Group 8 (PTG + ProGlider). Roots were attached to preweighed Eppendorf tubes. All instruments were used according to the manufacturers’ instructions. During root canal preparation, 8 mL of distilled water was used for each specimen. Apically extruded debris was collected in Eppendorf tubes. After the completion of root canal preparation, Eppendorf tubes were removed from the specimens and stored in an incubator at 70°C for 5 days. Eppendorf tubes were weighed after evaporation to calculate the amount of extruded debris. The data were subjected to statistical analysis using one-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey’s test at a significance level of P &lt; 0.05. Results: A statistically significant difference was observed between the ProGlider and K-file groups. The ProGlider group was associated with significantly less debris extrusion than the K-file group for both the shaping systems used: WOG (P = 0.048) and PTG (P = 0.044). There was no statistically significant difference between NiTi rotary glide path files: ProGlider, G-Files, and One G files. All experimental groups caused apical debris extrusion. Conclusion: Among all mechanical glide path files tested, ProGlider showed the least debris extrusion which was significantly less than K-file. Glide path preparation using NiTi rotary files in combination with rotary shaping files (PTG) was associated with less apical debris extrusion than the rotary glide path files used along with reciprocating file (WOG).

Negotiability of mesiobuccal canals in maxillary first molars using different path file systems

Background: In endodontics, glide path creation has been extensively considered a mandatory clinical step to improve the safety and efficiency of rotary nickel–titanium instruments. The high anatomic variations in the mesiobuccal (MB) root of the maxillary molars are observed in the form of canal configuration, number, and position.The aim of this study was to evaluate the negotiability of MB canals in maxillary molars using different pathfiling systems (ProGlider, R-pilot, HyFlex electrical discharge machining [EDM], WaveOne Gold Glider, and C-Pilot).Materials and Methods: This in vitro study included 125 maxillary first molars with closed apex. Before preparation, all teeth were scanned by periapical radiograph for review of the presence of second MB (MB2) canals, without any resorption or calcification, and moderate curve of MB root canal. Subsequently, the access cavity was prepared with a Diamond Fissure Bur. Then, the samples were divided into five groups (ProGlider, R-pilot, HyFlex EDM, WaveOne Gold Glider, and C-Pilot). Certain relevant indices were recorded for analysis, such as the negotiability of the glide path file in the MB canals, file fracture rate, and negotiation speed. The level of significance P value was set at 0.05.Results: In this study, HyFlex EDM was the only path file that could not reach the full working length (WL) in some cases. The highest frequency of file fracture in the MB2 was observed with HyFlex EDM (24%); nevertheless, R-Pilot presented an intermediate fracture rate (16%), and both ProGlider and WaveOne Gold Glider were the safest files (4%) in this regard. However, there were no significant differences between the groups (P = 0.065). The lowest and the highest average time of reaching full WL was observed with WaveOne Gold Glider and HyFlex EDM; nonetheless, there was no significant difference between the four rotary groups. The average number of pecks in HyFlex EDM was significantly higher in comparison to those reported for WaveOne Gold Glider and ProGlider.Conclusion: Path files used for glide path preparation in the MB2 canals of maxillary molars should be flexible with low taper. The use of HyFlex EDM in the MB2 canals is not recommended due to its high taper.

Influence of traverse and waveone gold glider glide path files on the amount of apically extruded debris

Influence of traverse and waveone gold glider glide path files on the amount of apically extruded debris

Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of Glide Path Rotary Files: A Systematic Review of in Vitro Studies.

The aim of the present systematic review was to perform a qualitative synthesis of in vitro studies that assess the cyclic fatigue resistance of rotary glide path (GP) files of endodontic applications. Systematic electronic searches were performed in the Medline, Embase, Scopus, SciELO, and Web of Science databases on 15 February 2022, and were last updated on 1 April In vitro studies that evaluated and compared the cyclic fatigue resistance of at least one rotary GP file system with another rotary GP file system were included. A total of 25 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis. All studies assessing the difference in the cyclic fatigue resistance between continuous and reciprocating rotation in rotary glide path files found that the latter resulted in a significantly higher cyclic fatigue resistance, as evidenced by a higher number of cycles until fracture and/or time until fracture. Within the limitations of this review and the in vitro nature of the included studies, the results indicate that the cyclic fatigue resistance of rotary GP files may be influenced by several intrinsic factors of the files, such as their taper, cross-sectional design, alloy properties, kinematics, and external factors, such as the curvature and radius at which the file is activated, the irrigation or lubricant used, and the temperature.

Torsional Fracture Resistance of Niti Rotary Glide Path Files under Flexural Stress

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of flexural stress on the torsional fracture resistance of NiTi glide path files. PathFile #16/02, RaCe #15/04, RaCe Evo #15/04, HyFlex EDM #15/03, TruNatomy Glider #17/02, and V Taper 2H #17/04 were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (n = 3/brand) and subjected to differential scanning calorimetry (n = 2/brand). Torsional fracture resistance testing was performed in straight (ISO 3630-1) and flexural modes (n = 15/brand/mode). Flexural mode testing involved instruments rotating within a stainless-steel artificial double-curved canal. Ultimate strength and distortion angle until failure were recorded, and fractured instruments were examined by SEM. Statistical analyses involved independent sample t-test and one-way analysis of variance with Games–Howell pots hoc test. Austenitic transformation- finishing temperatures of heat-treated files were above body temperature. For RaCe Evo, HyFlex EDM, TruNatomy Glider, and V Taper 2H, the flexural mode resulted in a significantly higher distortion angle compared to the straight mode (p &lt; 0.05). The maximum torque of RaCe Evo, HyFlex EDM increased with the flexural stress (p &lt; 0.05). V taper 2H showed the highest distortion angle and ultimate strength. SEM showed typical patterns of torsional fracture for all tested files. The flexural stress positively affected distortion angle of heat-treated NiTi glide path files.

Accuracy of electronic apex locators using heat-treated Ni-Ti file.

This study investigated the accuracy of two electronic apex locators (DentaPort and Bingo) using heat-treated nickel-titanium files. The true root canal length of 30 single-rooted teeth was determined using K files. Next, the electronically measured length was determined using two nickel-titanium files (ProGlider and HyFlex EDM Glide Path File) with two electronic apex locators at the 'APEX' marks. The accuracy of the electronic apex locator was evaluated by comparing the true root canal length and electronically measured length for each measurement. There was no significant difference between the measurements with two nickel-titanium files, and all differences between true root canal length and electronically measured length were within ±0.5 mm regardless of the type of nickel-titanium files or electronic apex locators. Based on the results, the heat treatment of the nickel-titanium files showed no adverse effects on the working length determination using electronic apex locators.