Glass Joints Research Articles

Experimental investigations on the cyclic load-bearing behavior of structural glazing joints under seismic load

AbstractIn addition to static loads, structural glazing joints in glass and facade construction in many regions are subject to extraordinary effects such as earthquakes. Seismic actions are characterized by a randomly recurring and dynamic load that affects the structural behavior of the viscoelastic material. Publications on the load-bearing behavior and design of structural glazing joints against seismic loading have not systematically considered these effects. In this paper, relevant parameters influencing the seismic loading of structural glazing joints are determined, evaluated, and narrowed down to areas of practical relevance as part of a theoretical stress analysis. On this basis, extensive experimental investigations of the low-cycle fatigue behavior of structural glazing joints are presented. Cyclic stress–strain curves are determined and compared with quasi-static reference tests to describe the basic low-cycle fatigue behavior. The influence of the previously determined parameters on the cyclic load-bearing behavior can thus be determined and presented. These investigations provide an important basis for describing the behavior under typical seismic random loading. In particular, the type of load application caused by the different construction types of glass and facade buildings can be mentioned as a decisive influencing factor in addition to the frequency of building construction. The results provide a first important contribution to the modeling and design of structural glazing joints against earthquake effects. Further extensive scientific investigations will be carried out on this basis in order to develop a design model for structural glazing joints in disaster scenarios.

Time-dependent design of hyperelastic bonded joints in structural glass

For glass constructions with a high degree of transparency, facade systems with structural sealant glazing are increasingly being used. However, the use of bonded joints is also suitable for many other applications in glass construction. Even today, the design of bonded joints is still based on the outdated global safety concept according to ETAG 002. Although the safety and predictability of hyperelastic silicone bonds have been continuously shown by research activities during recent years, high levels of safety are still required in the design, which is mainly due to the expected degradation of the adhesive. From a design perspective, it is necessary to consider the time dependency. On the one hand, the bonded joint must be able to withstand variable loads of different strain rates at any time during its service life, taking degradation into account. On the other hand, if the bonded joint is also under a permanent load due to dead load of the glazing, it must also be ensured that the failure time would only be attained at the end of the component's service life. This article presents a fully probabilistic method that considers the degradation of the adhesive as well as various statistical influencing quantities (such as wind effects, manufacturing tolerances or material scattering) and determines a modification coefficient kmod\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${k}_{mod}$$\\end{document} for silicone adhesives under variable loads by calibrating to specified reliability indices. In addition, partial safety factors are determined in accordance with Eurocode 0, which are investigated as part of a sensitivity analysis.

A high temperature in situ optical probe for colloidal nanocrystal synthesis.

We report on the fabrication and utilization of a robust high-temperature (>300 °C), adjustable-path-length, vacuum-tolerant, configurable, in situ optical probe, which interfaces with widely used chemical glassware via a 14/20 ground glass joint. This probe allows for high-speed reaction monitoring of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystal solutions at temperatures that were previously inaccessible. We demonstrate this capability by monitoring the hot-injection synthesis of CdSe quantum dots via UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy at 380 °C with a time resolution of ∼10ms, with the primary limitation being the acquisition and data saving rate of the commercial spectrometer used. We further demonstrate that this probe can also be used for in situ photoluminescence measurements. This system is generally applicable to harsh solution environments where optical monitoring of reaction progress is desirable and/or necessary.

Fabrication of glass to PLA joints with an intermediate aluminum layer by using low-cost industrial nanosecond IR fiber lasers

We present an adhesive free, low-cost and effective solution for joining of thermoplastic additive manufactured parts to glass using an industrial nanosecond IR pulsed fiber laser. We demonstrate the potential of the method by means of laser joints of glass to Polylactic Acid (PLA). The glass to PLA joints are realized via Laser Transmission Welding (LTW) and Laser Direct Welding (LDW) using an intermediate sacrificial thin layer of aluminum. The laser joints are compared with adhesive glass to PLA joints. The mechanical testing involves a thorough strength evaluation by using block shear test method, demonstrating the superior performance of laser-welded joints over conventional adhesive alternatives. The results of these shear tests reveal a remarkable 565 % improvement in shear strength in comparison to the adhesive joints (maximum shear strength of laser bonds: 9.57 MPa). Furthermore, a Weibull statistical analysis is applied to assess the reliability of the joints, disclosing a very high survival probability of the samples under a loading of 4.5 MPa as well as a σ0 (stress for which the 1/e (37 %) of the samples survive) of 8.15 MPa.

Enhancing shear and flexural strength of single lap composite joints with a graphene nanoparticle‐reinforced adhesive through a co‐curing technique

AbstractAdhesive‐bonded joints in glass fiber‐reinforced polymer (GFRP) composite structures give numerous benefits, such as greater flexibility, good specific strength, improved fatigue resistance, and the ability to reduce stress concentration. Consequently, adhesive‐bonded joints are considered more influential if compared to fasteners. This research investigates the effects of incorporating graphene nanoparticles (GNPs) into the adhesive layer on several aspects of adhesively bonded co‐cure (CC) single‐lap GFRP composite joints. These aspects include shear strength, flexural strength, failure mechanisms, and fractography studies. The study examined six distinct weight percentages of GNP, specifically 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25, and 1.5 wt.%, which are considered to enhance the interfacial strength of adhesive joints. Based on the research, 0.75 wt.% of GNP single‐lap joint (SLJ) shear strength improved by 69.40% when compared to the plain matrix SLJ. This suggests excellent load transmission between adherends. In addition, the flexural strength increased by 46.57% in the specimens containing 1.25 wt.% GNP when compared to the plain matrix used to bond in SLJ. After testing, fractured specimen microscopic images were used to examine failure mechanisms. According to fractography studies, adding GNPs to the adhesive causes surfaces to become rougher, which improves the adhesion between the adhesive and the adherends.Highlights Six distinct wt.% of GNPs were used to prepare the matrix by sonication. Single‐lap GFRP composite joints were fabricated through a CC technique. SLJ's maximum shear strength was found at 0.75 wt% of GNP. SLJ's maximum flexural strength was found at 1.25 wt% of GNP. Failure analysis was conducted using microscopes and FESEM images.

Assessment of the mechanical behavior of bonded glass-to-glass transparent epoxy adhesive joint at elevated temperatures for load-bearing elements

Glass is increasingly used as a structural material in buildings, not only for enclosing spaces but also for bearing loads. To meet architect requirements for a uniform structure without appearance disturbance, adhesively bonded joints are preferred over mechanical fasteners. However, in the construction industry, most technical guidelines cover only soft structural silicone sealants, while stiffer adhesives like epoxy resins are not considered. Alternatively, the specific transparent epoxy adhesives offer a high potential for bonded glass assemblies, enabling thinner joints and a fully transparent junction. Indeed, under real service conditions, elevated temperatures are one of the worst factors affecting the mechanical properties of structural bonded joints. Therefore, in this paper, an experimental program was conducted to evaluate the performance of transparent bonded glass joints with epoxy resin over a wide range of temperatures. Tensile and shear tests were performed on bulk-cured adhesive samples and bonded glass-to-glass block shear specimens respectively, at room temperature (RT), 40, 60, and 80 °C. The differences in surface characteristics such as roughness, wettability, and surface free energy (SFE) between both glass sides were examined. The results showed that tensile and shear strengths decreased with increasing temperatures. Furthermore, the shear strength was influenced by the surface properties of the glass sides. At all tested temperatures, the rougher bonded glass side specimens revealed higher shear strength coupled with a mixed failure while a loss of adhesion characterised the smoother glass surfaces.

Analysis of self-tapping screw joints in fibre glass reinforced PEI polymer used in the automotive industry

This article presents a study of the joining of polyetherimide (PEI) polymer parts reinforced with fibre glass which has great application in the automotive sector. A simulation model based on the finite element method is proposed. For the modelling of the polymeric material, the three-network viscoplastic (TNV) rheological model was used, with very adequate results and producing a good fit with the experimental data. In addition, a methodology is proposed that allows simplifying a three-dimensional to an axisymmetric model, which implies a notable reduction in computational cost. In addition, the work includes an experimental analysis that evaluates the tightening torque under conditions of assembly repetitiveness, relaxation over time and influence of thermal cycles. These scenarios have a different influence depending on the geometry of the self-tapping screw used. Regarding repetitiveness, it has been verified that PF-30 (CELOspArk®) loses 17.16% while in Δ-PT (DELTA PT®) it loses up to 41.93% in the tenth repetition. In contrast, in the relaxation over time scenario, the PF-30 loses 13.38% and the Δ-PT loses 17.82%. Finally, regarding the thermal cycles, cooling allows to slightly delay the loss of tightening torque in both screws in a similar way; however, in the heating stage, 36.89% is lost with PF-30 and only 14.66% with Δ-PT. This study represents an improvement in the knowledge of the joining processes of self-tapping screws with polymeric materials of an engineering nature. The simulation model can be easily adapted to other materials and other geometries, and the experimental study offers a vision of the evolution of tightening conditions in realistic operating scenarios.

Evaluation of Physical Properties and Material Characterization for Structural Frame at the Stained Glass Windows to Gongju Jeil Church of the Registered Cultural Heritage in Korea

AbstractThe Christian Museum of Gongju Jeil Church was first built in 1931 and was largely damaged during the Korean War, but the walls and chimneys have been preserved. This building has a high architectural values in that the chapel was reconstructed in 1956, and maintains its original form through repair of damaged parts rather than new construction. The stained glass windows were as installed in 1979 and has a great significance in the Dalle de Verre method using lump glass. However, some of the stained glass damaged partially, such as various cracks and splits, and vertical and horizontal cracks in the joint fillers of supporting the colored glass. As the structural materials of the stained glass window, an iron frame and cement mortar filled with it were used, and corrosion of iron, cracking of mortar and granular decomposition appear partially due to weathering. In the joint fillers, the content of Ca and S is very high, indicating that gypsum were used as admixtures, and the gypsums grow in a rhombohedral and forms a bundle, which is investigated to have undergone recrystallization. As a result of modeling the ultrasonic velocity at the joint fillers, the left and right windows at the entrance show relatively weak in the range of 800 to 1,600m/s, and the lower right corner of the altar window and the upper left corner of the center window were also 1,000 to 1,800m/s, showing relatively low physical properties. And gypsums produced during the neutralization of lime mortar were detected in the joint fillers and contaminants on the surface. Such salts may cause damage to the joint material due to freezing and thawing, so appropriate preventive conservation is required. Also, since various damage types are complexly appearing in stained glass window and joint filler, customized conservation treatment should be reviewed through clinical tests.공주제일교회 기독교박물관은 1931년에 초축되었으며 한국전쟁으로 상당 부분 파손되었으나 벽체와 굴뚝 등이 보존되었다. 이 건물은 1956년 예배당을 재건하며 신축이 아닌 파손된 부분의 보수를 통해 원형을 유지하고 있다는 점에서 건축학적으로 높은 가치가 있다. 스테인드글라스는 1979년에 설치하였으며, 덩어리유리를 사용하는 달드베르(Dalle de Verre) 방식으로 큰 의미가 있다. 그러나 일부 스테인드글라스에서는 다양한 균열과 쪼개짐이 나타나고 색유리를 지지하는 줄눈에는 수직 및 수평균열이 확인되는 등 부분적인 손상을 입었다. 스테인드글라스의 구조재로는 철제 틀과 이를 충전한 시멘트 모르타르가 사용되었으며, 부분적으로 풍화작용에 따라 철제의 부식과 모르타르의 균열 및 입상분해가 나타난다. 줄눈재에서는 Ca과 S의 함량이 높아 석고를 혼화재로 사용하였음을 지시하며, 석고는 능형으로 성장하며 다발모양을 이루고 있는 것으로 보아 재결정작용을 거친 것으로 판단된다. 줄눈재의 초음파속도 모델링 결과, 입구 좌우창의 속도는 800~1,600㎧ 범위로 상대적으로 취약하며, 제단의 좌창 우측 하단과 중앙창 좌측 상단도 1,000~1,800㎧로 나타나 상대적으로 낮은 물성을 보였다. 또한 줄눈재와 표면오염물에서는 석회 모르타르의 중성화에서 생성되는 석고화합물이 검출되었다. 이와 같은 염류는 동결 및 융해작용에 따라 줄눈재의 손상을 일으킬 수 있어 적절한 예방보존이 필요하다. 스테인드글라스와 줄눈재에는 다양한 손상유형이 복합적으로 나타나고 있어 임상실험을 통해 맞춤형 보존처리를 검토해야 할 것이다.Keywords : stained glass window, joint filler, cement mortar, ultrasonic velocity, preventive conservation

Microstructure and mechanical performance of dissimilar material joints of 2024Al and SiO2 glass by ultrasonic assisted soldering with Cu interlayer

Ultrasonic assisted soldering was used to join SiO2 glass and 2024Al with Sn solder. The soldering temperature and pressure were set at 300 °C and 0.2 MPa respectively. The Sn solder had good wettability on the SiO2 glass surface by ultrasonic cavitation. At the same time, ultrasonic accelerated the dissolution of 2024Al in molten Sn solder. With the extension of ultrasonic time, Sn solder had better wettability on the surface of base material. The shear strength of the SiO2/Sn/2024Al joint was stabilized at 14–17 MPa by ultrasonic wetting for 5 min before soldering. Due to the large residual stress in the joint, the brittle fracture of the glass occurred during the shear process. To improve the load capacity of the joint, Cu interlayer was added to the joint to relieve the thermal stress. Cu foil effectively relieved the residual stress of the joint during the cooling process. Molten Sn solder reacted with Cu foil and formed intermetallic compounds (IMCs). IMCs effectively block the deformation of filler metal and reduce the generation of stress. When the ultrasonic assisted soldering time was 5 s, the SiO2/Sn/Cu/Sn/2024Al joint reached the highest shear strength about 28 MPa.

EFFECT OF PULSE DURATION ON THE PROPERTIES OF LASER-WELDED GLASS JOINTS

To explore the effect of pulse duration on the micro-morphology and mechanical properties of laser-welded glass joints, a glass welding experiment was carried out. The microstructure of the molten layer with different pulse durations was shown by field-emission scanning electron microscopy. The pores and distribution characteristics were analyzed, and the porosity variation rule of the welding layer for different pulse durations was obtained. The line-scan analysis of the joint interface was carried out with a D8-Advance type crystal X-ray diffractometer, and the relationship between the thickness of the reactive wetting layer and the pulse duration was obtained. The hardness and welding strength of the laser-welded glass joints were obtained with a Vickers hardness tester and an electronic universal testing machine. This study can provide a theoretical and experimental basis for the laser welding of glass.

Failure modes and bonding strength of ultrasonically-soldered glass joints

While useful for optics and solar energy applications, solder-glass joints are difficult to fabricate due to poor wettability and adhesion, but reliable joints can be achieved with the use of ultrasonic-assisted soldering (UAS). In this study, an automated UAS system was used to investigate the effects of processing parameters on the solder joint quality so that the technology can be more suitably scaled for future widespread use in industry. Through mechanical shear strength testing of soldered joints and microstructure failure surface analysis with XRD, a more comprehensive understanding of the relationships between processing parameters and joint quality was developed. Two novel failure surface types with distinct failure behavior were observed which could be predicted based on soldering tip speeds. The differences between the two failure surfaces appear to be due to the growth of a thin surface oxide layer on the solder lines from prolonged sonication, as determined from EDS and XRD microstructure analysis. These observations and analysis highlight a complex relationship that determines the quality of the solder-glass joint and suggest further research is necessary to refine the UAS process specifically for glass substrates and their varied applications in industry to prevent premature failure.

Research on thermal buckling behaviour of the adhesively bonded scarf joints for glass connections

Adhesively bonded technique is preferred more than bolted joining technique for glass connections. Glass panels supported by metal frame are generally used to glazing applications. Obtaining the critical buckling temperature is highly important and also thermal buckling behaviour of the glass joints should be considered. Stability of the joint is influenced by many design parameters such as types of adhesive/adherent materials. This paper presents a finite element method (FEM) of adhesively bonded scarf joint under thermal loading. Finite element models for the glass joint having isotropic (Aluminum and Steel) or anisotropic (Boron-epoxy, Kevlar-epoxy and E glass-epoxy) adherents were established by ANSYS® commercial program. FEM analysis was based on the usage of special surface to surface contact elements. The effects of adherent properties on the critical buckling temperature were investigated. Adhesively bonded scarf joint mode shapes were presented for the first five modes. Among the anisotropic adherent materials, the highest critical buckling temperature was determined for the boron-epoxy/glass joint. Additionally, the results showed that the adherent materials should be chosen carefully for adhesively bonded glass joints. Copyright © 2017 VBRI Press.

Adhesively bonded joints of jute, glass and hybrid jute/glass fibre-reinforced polymer composites for automotive industry

Natural fibre-reinforced composites have attracted a great deal of attention by the automotive industry mainly due to their sustainable characteristics and low cost. The use of sustainable composites is expected to continuously increase in this area as the cost and weight of vehicles could be partially reduced by replacing glass fibre composites and aluminium with natural fibre composites. Adhesive bonding is the preferred joining method for composites and is increasingly used in the automotive industry. However, the literature on natural fibre reinforced polymer composite adhesive joints is scarce and needs further investigation. The main objective of this study was to investigate experimentally adhesively bonded joints made of natural, synthetic and interlaminar hybrid fibre-reinforced polymer composites. The effect of the number of the interlaminar synthetic layers required in order to match the bonded joint efficiency of a fully synthetic GFRP bonded joint was studied. It was found that the failure load of the hybrid jute/glass adherend joints increased by increasing the number of external synthetic layers (i.e. the failure load of hybrid 3-layer joint increased by 28.6% compared to hybrid 2-layer joint) and reached the pure synthetic adherends joints efficiency due to the optimum compromise between the adherend material property (i.e. stiffness and strength) and a diminished bondline peel stress state.

An Experimental and Numerical Investigation on Bolted Joints of Woven Glass Fabric/Epoxy Composites

In the present work, an attempt is made to study the mechanical response of woven glass fabric/epoxy composite laminates using numerical modelling and experimentation. For this two different configurations namely double lap joined with single and double bolts are chosen. These laminates are subjected to numerical modelling using finite element analysis to study the joint strength and stress analysis. The joint strength of woven glass fabric composites is studied experimentally by conducting tensile test. Along with this the effect of varying edge distance to diameter ratios are studied both numerically and experimentally to arrive at safe design. Both numerical analysis and experimentally obtained bearing strength of composite laminated bolted joints are correlated. This is done in order to predict the the failure load and failure mechanisms in the composite laminate bolted joints. The variation in the numerically and experimentally obtained bearing strength values were well within 5% diference for both cases of single and double bolted joints.

GFRP reinforced high performance glass–bolted joints: Concept and experimental characterisation

This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation into the use of externally-bonded Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) strips as a means of improving the load capacity and delayed failure characteristics of glass-bolted joints. The peak load and the failure behaviour of GFRP reinforced bolted joints in annealed, heat-strengthened and tempered glass were investigated using the experiments of double-lap tension joint configurations. The results were compared with that of reference unreinforced joints, and bolted joints in commercially available laminated-annealed glass. The paper shows that GFRP reinforcement ensured significantly enhanced structural performances of the joints in annealed and heat-strengthened glass. Although the bolted joints in tempered glass showed the highest load capacity, the joints failed with no ductility where tempered glass shattered into small dices.

Joining of Hypereutectic Al-50Si Alloys Using Lead-Free Brazing Filler Glass in Air.

Hypereutectic Al-Si alloys are attractive materials in the fields of electronic packaging and aerospace. A Bi2O3-ZnO-B2O3 system lead-free brazing filler glass was employed to braze hypereutectic Al-50Si alloys in air. The hypereutectic Al-50Si alloys were pre-oxidized and the low-temperature glass powder was flake-shaped in the brazing process. The effects of brazing temperature and time on joints microstructure evolution, resulting mechanical strength, and air tightness were systematically investigated. The results indicated that the maximum shear strength of the joint was 34.49 MPa and leakage rate was 1.0 × 10−10 Pa m3/s at a temperature of 495 °C for 30 min. Crystalline phases, including Bi24B2O39 and Bi2O3, were generated in the glass joint. The formation of a diffusion transition layer with a thickness of 3 μm, including elements of Al, Si, Zn, Bi, Na, and B, was the key to form an effective joint. The elements of Al, Si, and Bi had a short diffusion distance while the elements of Zn, Na, and B diffused in a long way under brazing condition.

Friction‐Riveted Hybrid Joints of Short Glass Fiber‐Reinforced Polyamide 6 and 6056‐T6 Aluminum Alloy

AbstractHybrid joints of short glass fiber‐reinforced polyamide 6 and 6056‐T6 aluminum alloy (PA6‐30GF/AA6056‐T6) are produced by friction riveting under different processing conditions. A comprehensive study of the effects of the processing parameters on the temperature evolution, anchoring efficiency, degradation of the polymer composite, and tensile strength (pullout test) of the joints is performed. With higher values for the rotational speed, spindle displacement, and joining force, the heat input is increased and this results in greater deformation of the rivet tip and thus higher anchoring efficiency. Based on this finding, high‐strength joints with tensile strength (pullout test) of up to 93% of the metal rivet are obtained and failure occurred through the ductile fracture of the metal rivet outside the composite plate region. Process‐related degradation of the polymer composite is identified, with the formation of voids in the polymer thermo‐mechanically affected zone (PTMAZ) as well as PA6 chain scission and glass fiber breakage in the rubbing volume around the rivet. The recrystallization of the PA6 matrix in the PTMAZ is not affected by the processing. Degradation of the composite at the polymer‐metal interface does not reduce the quasi‐static tensile strength (pullout test), although it may affect the long‐term mechanical properties of the joint.

Characteristics of secondhand cannabis smoke from common smoking methods: Calibration factor, emission rate, and particle removal rate

Abstract The widespread legalization of recreational cannabis use raises growing concerns about exposure to secondhand cannabis smoke (SCS). However, few studies are characterizing fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure from SCS. Here, we determined PM2.5 calibration factors (CFs) for SCS from four common cannabis consuming methods—glass pipe smoking, joint smoking, bong smoking, and cannabis pen vaping—for widely used optical monitors (SidePak™ AM510, TSI Inc., Shoreview, MN) by comparing the monitors with gravimetric mass measurements. We furthermore investigated the emission rate, particle size distribution, and particle removal rate of SCS. The CFs of SidePak PM2.5 monitors measuring the four types of SCS were 0.31 (SE = 0.02), 0.39 (SE = 0.02), 0.40 (SE = 0.01), and 0.44 (SE = 0.03), respectively. The arithmetic mean emission rates of the four SCS sources were ~2–6 times that of secondhand tobacco smoke (STS) on a per-puff basis. The fresh SCS (1-min after smoking) showed a bimodal size distribution—one mode located at ~380–420 nm and another at ~800–840 nm. Under low-ventilation conditions, the indoor removal rates of SCS from cannabis vaping were slightly higher (i.e., 0.61–0.77/h) than those for the other three sources (i.e., 0.35–0.53/h).

Effect of Interface Geometry on Strength of Single Lap Adhesive Joint of Sisal-Glass/Epoxy Laminates

In this project, experimental work on tensile behaviour of single lap adhesive joints of sisal, glass and hybrid sisal-glass/epoxy composite laminates has been carried out. Composite laminates were fabricated by hand lay-up method using chopped strand mat sisal and glass fibers with epoxy resin matrix. Lab joints of four interface geometries; straight flat, triangular, rectangular and sinusoidal were fabricated. Tensile load-displacement relations were drawn and discussed. Effect of interface geometry and material type on maximum load and strength of the single lap joint was investigated. Failure mechanism of the fractured specimens was discussed. Results show that the glass/epoxy lap joints with semi-circular adhesive interface geometry supported load higher respectively 14.26%, 26.13%, and 30.79% than rectangular, triangular and straight flat interface geometries. Glass/epoxy lap joint with semi-circular interface geometry supported tensile load higher 5.61% and 21.83% than that obtained from hybrid sisal-glass and sisal/ epoxy adhesive joints. While the shear strength was found higher respectively 6.19% and 18.69%. Adhesive failure mode was observed for most of the single lap joints investigated. Mixed failure mode of adhesive and adherend materials was observed on the sisal/epoxy lap joints.

Joining ZnS ceramics by using PbTiO3-doped PbO–B2O3–ZnO

ZnS ceramic has been extensively used in various optical applications, e.g., full-wave band infrared window. The attractiveness of this material is explained by its wider transmission radiation range and higher infrared transmittance. An infrared window has often to be bonded to the protective metal frame due to high risk of involving demanding operational conditions, e.g., a vibration. So, an innovative joining technique must be necessarily uncovered. The objective of this work was designed to use a low-temperature glass powder to directly solder/braze ZnS ceramics during the temperature range between 400 and 450 °C. Our hypothesis was that the mechanical strength between ZnS glass and PbO–B2O3–ZnO powder would be significantly enhanced by doping the solder/braze by PbTiO3 particles. The formed interfacial reaction layer consists of PbS and the uniformly dispersed PbTiO3 particles. A heuristic explanation of the bonding mechanism is offered, and it is found that the use of sintering remelting can reduce defects within the glass joints. Owning to the second-phase diffusion strengthening of PbTiO3 particles and an interfacial chemical bonding in the joint, the mechanical properties are enhanced.