Glass Ionomer Cement Research Articles

Efficacy of chemo-mechanical caries removal: a 24-month randomized trial

IntroductionChemo-mechanical caries removal (CMCR) offers an alternative to conventional drilling for carious dentin removal, but limited evidence exists on its long-term effects on treating caries in primary teeth. The primary aims of this study were to compare CMCR to drilling in terms of restoration status and the presence of secondary caries after 24 months.MethodsA randomized, parallel-group, single-blinded, controlled trial was conducted in Thailand. Participants were children aged 7–8 years with occlusal caries in second primary molars, randomly assigned to CMCR with Papacarie® (n = 242) or drilling (n = 246). All cavities were restored using glass ionomer cement. Completeness of caries removal was evaluated clinically by two blinded dentists, and patients' discomfort was measured using a facial visual analogue scale. Restoration status and development of secondary caries were assessed every six months clinically and every 12 months radiographically over a 2-year period.ResultsBoth groups achieved complete caries removal, but the CMCR took significantly longer than the drilling method (9 vs. 2.3 min, p < 0.001). Children in the CMCR group reported significantly lower discomfort during treatment (p < 0.001). At 24 months, ten (4.6%) restorations in the CMCR group failed, compared to three (1.2%) in the drilling group. Clinically, four restorations (CMCR = 2, control = 2) exhibited secondary caries at the margin, while nine restorations (CMCR = 8, control = 1) showed radiographic evidence of secondary caries beneath the restoration. However, neither clinical nor radiographic evaluations revealed statistically significant differences in treatment outcomes at the two-year mark.ConclusionCMCR demonstrated comparable efficacy to conventional drilling for complete caries removal and restoration success at 24 months in primary teeth. Despite a longer chair time, it resulted in less discomfort during treatment.Clinical Trial Registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT01641861, identifier: NCT01641861.

A Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the Clinical Performance of Bioactive Restorative Material and Resin-modified Glass Ionomer Cement in Carious Primary Molar Restorations

A Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the Clinical Performance of Bioactive Restorative Material and Resin-modified Glass Ionomer Cement in Carious Primary Molar Restorations

In vivo evaluation of the enamel wear of primary molar against four types of crowns using the intra-oral scanner

BackgroundPrimary tooth wear is a common phenomenon that affects chewing ability, dental sensitivity, aesthetics, and occlusion. This study was conducted to compare the antagonistic enamel wear of primary molars opposed to four different crown materials.MethodsForty lower second primary molars of children aged 4–8 years were allocated into 4 groups: Group 1 (n = 10): received stainless steel crowns; Group 2 (n = 10): received prefabricated commercially available zirconia crowns (NuSmile®); Group 3 (n = 10): received locally manufactured zirconia crowns created via the CAD/CAM system; and Group 4 (n = 10): received locally manufactured hybrid ceramic (Vita Enamic®) crowns created via the CAD/CAM system. All the crowns were cemented with resin-modified glass ionomer cement. The upper arch was scanned with a 3D intraoral scanner immediately (baseline), 6 months, and 1 year after crown cementation to evaluate the wear of the natural enamel of the antagonistic primary molar. The resultant scans were compared via Exocad software to measure the amount of linear wear of the mesiopalatal cusp of the primary upper second molar.ResultsThe analysed data revealed statistically significant differences between the studied groups. The highest mean wear was detected in the CAD/CAM zirconia crown group, followed by the NuSmile zirconia crown group and then the CAD/CAM hybrid crown group, and the lowest mean wear was detected for the stainless-steel crown group.ConclusionCompared with stainless steel crowns, aesthetic crowns cause more wear in the antagonistic primary molar enamel. CAD/CAM zirconia crowns induce the greatest amount of wear, followed by NuSmile zirconia crowns. The CAD/CAM hybrid crown is an aesthetic tooth-coloured crown that causes less wear of the opposing enamel than zirconia crowns do.Trial registrationThe ClinicalTrials.gov Protocol Registration and Results System (PRS) has this RCT registered as (NCT06456879) on 07/06/2024.

Microleakage of luting cements in CAD/CAM pediatric zirconia crowns: an in vitro study

The durability of pediatric zirconia crowns for primary teeth is influenced by the choice of luting cement, with the effectiveness of the cement being directly correlated to its ability to reduce microleakage. This in vitro study aimed to assess and compare the microleakage of custom-made zirconia crowns (CZCs) and prefabricated zirconia crowns (PZCs) on primary maxillary incisors when luted with self-adhesive resin cement, resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC), and bioactive cement. Sixty primary maxillary incisors were prepared and allocated into two groups, each corresponding to the two types of crowns. These groups were further divided into three subgroups each to test the different luting cements. Following the cementation process and thermocycling, the specimens were immersed in a 2% methylene blue solution for microleakage evaluation. The analysis involved sectioning the teeth and examining them under a stereomicroscope. Statistical analysis, using two-way ANOVA and post hoc Dunnett T3 tests (p < 0.05), revealed significant differences in microleakage among the cements. The study found that PZCs luted with RMGIC showed the highest level of microleakage, whereas those luted with bioactive cement exhibited the lowest, positioning bioactive cement as the preferable choice for minimizing microleakage. This finding illustrates the critical importance of selecting appropriate luting cements to optimize the clinical outcomes of zirconia crown restorations in pediatric dentistry, focusing on reducing microleakage to ensure the restoration’s durability and success.

Titanium dioxide nanotubes incorporated into conventional glass ionomer cement alter the biological behavior of pre-odontoblastic cells

The objective was to address the repercussion of adding titanium dioxide nanotubes (TiO2-nt) into high-viscosity conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC) on the biological properties of pre-odontoblastic cells (MDPC-23) challenged by lipopolysaccharides (LPS - 2 μg/mL). TiO2-nt was added to Ketac Molar EasyMix at 3, 5, 7 %, whereas unblended GIC served as control. Analyses included proliferation (n=6; 24, 48, 72 h), metabolism (MTT; n=6; 24, 48, 72 h); morphology laser microscopy (n=3; 24, 48, 72 h); proteome assessments IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, VEGF, TNF-α (n=3; 12, 18 h); mRNA levels (RT-PCR) of Il-1β, Il-6, Il-10, VEGF, TNF-α (n=3; 12, 18 h) and DSPP (n=3; 24, 72, 120 h). Data analysis included Shapiro-Wilk, Levene, and generalized linear models (α=0.05). Results demonstrated that cell proliferation increased over time for all groups, and was not impacted by TiO2-nt (p>0.05). GIC groups displayed lower MTT values compared to cells cultured without GIC discs (p=0.019); disregarding the presence of TiO2. Remarkably, TiO2-nt reversed the effect of GIC, reducing the levels of selected biomarkers. LPS treatment modified the expression of the immune-inflammatory markers by MDPC-23 cells (p<0.0001). Morphological analysis did not reveal distinctions for any of the studied. TiO2-nt modulated immune-inflammatory and dentin marker expression by MDPC-23 cells cultured on conventional GIC discs, and did not affect cell morphology/viability, regardless LPS exposure. In conclusion, TiO2-nt may become a reliable clinical strategy to encourage pulp tissue repair.

Assessment of the Antimicrobial Efficacy and Mechanical Properties of Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC) Incorporating Silver Nanoparticles In Varying Concentrations for Pediatric Dental Applications

ABSTRACT Background: Glass ionomer cement (GIC) is widely used in pediatric dentistry due to its fluoride-releasing properties and strong adhesion to tooth structure. However, enhancing its antimicrobial efficacy remains a challenge. Incorporating silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has been proposed as a solution to increase the antimicrobial properties of GIC without compromising its mechanical strength. Materials and Methods: This study investigated the effects of integrating varying concentrations of AgNPs into GIC on its antimicrobial efficacy against common oral pathogens and its mechanical properties. Three concentrations of AgNPs (0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% by weight) were evaluated. Antimicrobial activity was assessed using the agar diffusion test against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Mechanical properties, including compressive strength and wear resistance, were measured using standardized tests. Thirty pediatric patients were randomly assigned to receive dental treatments using one of the three modified GIC formulations. Results: The GIC modified with 1% AgNPs demonstrated optimal antimicrobial activity, showing a significant inhibition zone increase of 25% against S. mutans and 20% against L. acidophilus compared to the control. The compressive strength of the GIC was maintained, with the 1% AgNP formulation achieving a compressive strength of 220 MPa, comparable to the control (215 MPa). Wear resistance slightly decreased as the concentration of AgNPs increased. Conclusion: The addition of 1% AgNPs to GIC significantly enhances its antimicrobial properties without adversely affecting its mechanical strength. This formulation holds potential for improving the effectiveness of pediatric dental restorations by reducing the risk of secondary caries.

Analysis of stress distribution in implant-supported prostheses with custom abutments at different angles of 20 degrees: A finite element analysis

Aim: Implants may not always be placed parallel to each other. In such cases, implants can be made more parallel by adjusting the angles with custom abutments. Different cementation materials can be used for cement-retained abutments. The bonding and stress resistance values of materials used in the cementation of implant-supported prostheses vary. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the stress distribution values of restorations bonded with different cementation materials in finite element analysis. Methodology: In this study, a maxillary edentulous jawbone was designed using the SolidWorks program. Two implants were placed in the regions of teeth #14 and #16. Implant data was obtained from the Bilimplant company. A 20-degree angled custom abutment and implant-supported prosthesis were designed using the Exocad program. Standard Tesellation Language (STL) files were transferred to SolidWorks to obtain Standard for the Exchange of Product Model Data (STP) files. The created prosthesis design was then transferred to the ABAQUS program for finite element analysis. Subsequently, using 5 different cementation materials (glass ionomer cement, dual-cure resin cement - ivoclar, dual-cure resin cement - relyx, polycarboxylate cement, self-cure resin cement), stress distribution values of implant-supported prosthesis components were recorded as von Mises stress values (VMS) Results: İndicate higher stress values with glass ionomer cement and lower with polycarboxylate cement. Stress distribution increases posteriorly but doesn't significantly differ based on cement type. Lowest stress on implant screws is with glass ionomer, but highest varies. Cortical bone stress is lowest with glass ionomer cement. Conclusion: There was no significant difference in stress values among different cement types. Stress increases in implants, abutments, and cements due to forces applied posteriorly, while anteriorly, retention screw stress increases. The choice of cementation material does not significantly impact stress in implant components or surrounding tissues.

To Evaluate and Compare the Microleakage of Chitosan Nano Hydrogel-Incorporated MTA and Glass Ionomer Cements When used as a Retrograde Filling Material

ABSTRACT Background: An inadequate apical seal stands out as a primary cause of disappointment in surgical endodontic procedures. Therefore, the choice of root-end filling material should aim to prevent the leakage of potential contaminants into the periapical tissue. Aim: To evaluate and compare microleakage of chitosan nano hydrogel-incorporated mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and glass ionomer cement (GIC) when used as a retrograde filling material. Materials and Methods: Sixty single-rooted premolars were decoronated at cemento enamel junction (CEJ), and root canals were prepared and obturated, with the coronal part sealed with a composite. The dye absorption was measured by an automatic spectrophotometer. Results: The results showed that the MTA + chitosan group had less microleakage values compared to the MTA group but was not statistically significant and GIC + chitosan had less microleakage values compared to the GIC group and was statistically significant. Conclusion: Chitosan-incorporated MTA and chitosan-incorporated GIC can be considered as retrograde filling material; however, further in vitro and in vivo research and long-term clinical studies are required.

Remineralisation of mineral-deficient dentine induced by experimental ion-releasing materials in combination with a biomimetic dual-analogue primer

ObjectivesEvaluate the remineralisation ability of experimental resin-based materials containing Fluoride-Doped Calcium Phosphate (FDCP), applied in mineral-deficient dentine in combination with a biomimetic dual-analogue primer. MethodsArtificial dentine carious lesions were created in occlusal cavities of human molars. An experimental resin-based adhesive and flowable composite, containing FDCP (10wt% and 20wt%, respectively), were applied (±) with a biomimetic primer containing polyacrylic acid and sodium tripolyphosphate. A glass-ionomer cement and a conventional adhesive/composite were used as comparative materials. All specimens were submitted to chewing simulation in artificial saliva (AS). Subsequently, these were cut into slabs and submitted to Knoop microhardness testing and Raman spectroscopy (AS: 0, 15, 30 and 60 days). Further specimens were analysed through confocal scanning microscopy (AS: 0, 60 days). Total demineralised dentine and disc-shape materials were analysed through FTIR, SEM and EDX (Ca/P ratio) after prolonged contact in AS. Data were statistically analysed (two-way ANOVA and multiple comparison Bonferroni; α=0.05). ResultsOnly the experimental FDCP materials induced a significant increase in microhardness after storage in AS, especially in those specimens pre-treated with the biomimetic primer, except at 50 µm underneath the interface. Raman and CLSM analysis corroborated such results. The ability of the experimental FDCP resin-based materials to induce apatite-like deposition was demonstrated through SEM-EDX and FTIR. ConclusionsResin-based materials containing FDCP can mineralise the mineral-deficient dentine, especially when combined with a biomimetic dual-analogue primer. Clinical SignificanceSuch Innovative ion-releasing restorative systems applied after selective caries removal might promote remineralisation of fully and partially demineralised dentine and increase the durability of dental restorations.

Comparison of Luting Cement Solubility: A Narrative Review.

Background: Dental restoration success relies on the physical properties of luting cements. Luting cements fill the space between teeth and the restoration, provide retention and protection from occlusal forces, and act as a barrier to microleakages in the oral environment. Objective: This review aims to evaluate and compare the solubility of the three most used dental luting cements: glass ionomer (GI), resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI), and resin cement (RC). Methods: The studies selected for review compared the solubilities of combinations of GI, RMGI, and RC in solutions with different pH levels to replicate acidic oral pH. Results: A review of the studies concluded that resin cement had the overall lowest degree of solubility at all pH values and all storage periods, followed by RMGI and GI cement. Conclusions: The success of the restoration is dependent upon the choice of luting cement. The results of the studies reviewed show that all dental luting cements showed some degree of dissolution. Resin cement overall demonstrated the least amount of solubility, followed by RMGI and GI cement.

An in Vitro Assessment of the Retentive Property of Orthodontic Molar Bands Cemented With HY Agent-Containing Glass Ionomer Cement

Introduction: In orthodontic treatments, glass ionomer cements (GICs) are the most extensively used adhesive materials. Through an acid-base reaction with enamel and dentin, they function as chelating agents, creating a chemical bond with stainless steel bands. It has been reported that glass ionomer cement (GIC) containing HY agents along with a complex of zinc fluoride, strontium fluoride, and tannic acid offers enhanced retentive strength. This combination contributes to reduced solubility, promotes remineralization, and improves acid resistance. In this in vitro study, Shofu HY Bond glass ionomer cement (HY GIC) was utilized to compare and evaluate the retentive strength of molar bands cemented with it against Voco Meron (VM GIC), a conventional glass ionomer cement.Materials and Methods: The long axis of fifty extracted maxillary first molars was aligned at 90 degrees to the acrylic resin blocks. Of these teeth, twenty-five were bonded using HY-GIC (group 1), while the remaining twenty-five were bonded with Meron GIC (group 2). The retentive properties of both types of glass ionomer cement were evaluated using universal testing equipment. An independent t-test was employed to compare the retentive strength between the two groups.Results: The average retentive strength of bands bonded with HY-GIC was measured at 14.65 ± 1.37 MPa, while bands using Meron GIC had a strength of 10.75 ± 1.10 MPa. The difference between these two values was statistically significant.Conclusion: There was a significant difference in the retentive strength between the 2 groups with Shofu HY bond GIC being superior.

Influence of Different Cements on Bonding Efficiency Between Implant Abutment and Standard Restoration.

This study aimed to investigate the efficiency of different cements for luting implant restorations. Standard restorations were bonded with different cements, including a zincoxide-based temporary cement (ZOE), a resin-modified glass ionomer cement (GIC) and a resin-based, eugenol-free cement (RBEFC). The restorations were stored under moist conditions and were subsequently subjected to thermal cycling and mechanical loading (TCML). Retention forces were determined with an axial tensile test and removabilty of the restorations was analyzed with a pneumatic crown remover. GIC provided significantly higher retention forces than RBEFC, which provided significantly higher values than ZOE. After storage, retention forces were significantly higher than after TCML. With regard to removability, no significant differences were identified between ZOE and RBEFC, but a significantly higher number of applications was required to remove restorations luted with RBEFC. All cements provided sufficient retention forces, yet removal of restoration might be more demanding if luted with RBEFC.

Bioactive Compounds Enhance the Biocompatibility and the Physical Properties of a Glass Ionomer Cement.

In order to characterize a novel restorative material, knowledge about the toxicological effect on human cells and the physical behavior of a glass ionomer cement (GIC) containing flavonoids was established. The flavonoids apigenin, naringenin, quercetin, and liquiritigenin were manually incorporated into a GIC. In the control group, no incorporation was performed. Two cell culture assays evaluated the toxicity of GICs: SRB and MTT. For both assays, the keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) was exposed to GIC (n = 3/group) for 24 h. The physical properties of the GICs were evaluated by compressive strength (n = 10), surface roughness (n = 10), and hardness (n = 10) tests. Cell viability by SRB ranged from 103% to 97%. The control revealed a significant decrease in the metabolism of cells (61%) by MTT, while the GIC+apigenin slightly increased the succinic dehydrogenase activity (105%; p > 0.05), also confirmed microscopically. The compressive strength and roughness values were similar among groups, but the hardness increased after the incorporation of naringenin and quercetin into GIC (p < 0.05). The incorporation of flavonoids positively altered the biological and physical properties of the GICs.

Synergistic Antibacterial Effect of Chitosan/Silver Nanoparticles Modified Glass Ionomer Cement (An In vitro Study)

Synergistic Antibacterial Effect of Chitosan/Silver Nanoparticles Modified Glass Ionomer Cement (An In vitro Study)

MMP inhibition, marginal integrity and cytotoxicity of zinc-releasing GIC

ObjectivesThe degradation of the restorative-dentin interface due to endogenous dentin enzymes, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), is a significant issue that accelerates the deterioration of the dentin matrix and leads to the failure of restorative treatments. Caredyne Restore (CR), a novel glass ionomer cement (GIC) with zinc ions in its formulation, represents the latest effort to mitigate this issue. This investigation aimed to evaluate the MMPs inhibitory effect, marginal integrity, and cytotoxicity of CR compared to a conventional GIC, Fuji IX (FIX). MethodsThe inhibitory effect of CR on MMPs activity was evaluated using in-situ zymography to visualize the endogenous gelatinolytic activity in the GIC-dentin interface. Additionally, CR's sealing properties were investigated using dye-assisted confocal laser microscopy (CLSM) to assess marginal leakage across the GIC-dentin interface. Both in-situ zymography and CLSM observations were conducted 1 day and seven days after pH cycling. Finally, the cytotoxicity of the GIC eluates was examined on rat dental pulp cells (RPCC2A). Assay measurements were performed after 24 and 48 h of incubation with test solutions prepared using various GIC eluate concentrations. ResultsThe MMPs activity of the CR specimens was significantly lower than that of FIX specimens after seven days of pH cycling. Signs of marginal leakage were also lower in the CR specimens. Comparison of CR and FIX eluates at the same concentration showed no significant difference in terms of biocompatibility. ConclusionsCaredyne restore is capable of inhibiting endogenous enzyme activity and improving sealing properties, while maintaining sufficient biocompatibility. Clinical significanceZinc ions released from Caredyne Restore offer a safe way to improve the quality of dental restorations and promote minimally invasive treatment, especially in lesions where the dentin matrix is susceptible to enzymatic degradation and recurrent caries.

Caries Preventive Effect and Retention of Moisture Tolerant Resin Based and Glass Ionomer Cement Sealants: A Systematic Review

Caries Preventive Effect and Retention of Moisture Tolerant Resin Based and Glass Ionomer Cement Sealants: A Systematic Review

Effect of Surface Treatments on Shear-bond Strength of Glass Ionomer Cements to Silver Diamine Fluoride-treated Simulated Carious Dentin.

This study investigated the effect of different surface treatments on the shear bond strength (SBS) and failure modes of self-cured (SC) and light-cured (LC) high-viscosity glass ionomer cements (HVGICs) to silver diamine fluoride (SDF)-treated simulated carious dentin (SCD). Extracted human premolars were sectioned and pH cycled for 10 days to simulate carious dentin. The demineralized specimens were treated with 38% SDF (Riva Star) for 2 minutes, washed, stored in deionized distilled water at 37°C for 2 weeks, and subjected to the following surface treatments (n=14): T1 - no treatment (control); T2 - 10 seconds polyacrylic acid (PAA); T3 - 5 seconds phosphoric acid (PPA); T4 - 5 seconds PPA plus universal adhesive (Zipbond); and T5 - 5 seconds PPA plus resin-modified GIC adhesive (Riva bond LC). SC (Riva Self-cure HV) and LC (Riva Light-cure HV) HVGICs were applied to the conditioned specimens and stored in artificial saliva at 37°C for 1 week. SBS and failure modes were subsequently determined. Statistical analyses were performed using Kruskal-Wallis/post-hoc Mann-Whitney U and Chi-square tests (α=0.05). The highest SBS was observed when SC and LC were restored with T2 and T5, respectively. Significant differences in SBS were as follows: SC - T2, T1 > T5, T3; LC - T5, T4, T3 > T2. SC generally exhibited adhesive failures, while LC presented both adhesive and mixed failures. The preferred method for preparing SDF-treated carious dentin before restoration application is PAA for SC and PPA plus RMGIC adhesive for LC HVGICs.

Glass Ionomer Modified with Bacterial Cellulose Nanocrystals. An In Vitro Analysis Assessing Shear Bond Strength and Microleakage Scores in Deciduous Dentition

The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) and microleakage of bacterial cellulose nanocrystals (BCNCs) incorporated into conventional glass ionomer cement (CGIC) when bonded to deciduous dentin. Sixty primary first and second molars with class I cavitated dentinal lesions were preserved and randomly allocated into two groups based on the technique used for caries removal. Group 1 utilized the conventional approach for caries removal, while Group 2 used Carie Care™ for caries removal. Each of these groups was further divided into two subgroups based on the type of restoration received. Microleakage and failure mode assessments were performed using a stereomicroscope, while SBS testing was conducted using a universal testing machine. The SBS and microleakage scores were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey post hoc test with a significance level of p=0.05. Specimens from Group 1A (conventional approach+CGIC) presented the highest scores of marginal leakage, while Group 1B (conventional approach+BCNCs-modified CGIC) demonstrated the lowest values of microleakage. Additionally, samples from Group 2B (Carie Care™+BCNCs-modified CGIC) revealed the highest bond integrity scores. The incorporation of BCNCs into CGIC had a positive impact on both shear bond strength and marginal leakage when bonded to the dentin substrate. This modification improved the performance of the glass ionomer cement, enhancing its applicability in dental restorations.

Adhesive restorations in primary dentition: A retrospective analysis of survival rate and associated factors.

Several clinical and individual factors may play a role in the survival rate of dental restorations, such as characteristics related to the child's age and oral hygiene, and factors associated with the tooth, such as the type of material and number of surfaces to be restored. To analyse the survival rate of adhesive restorations on primary teeth and factors associated with restoration survival. The study included dental records of children aged 3-12 years having received adhesive restorations on primary teeth at a Brazilian dental school between 2009 and 2019. A Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to plot survival rates using the log-rank test. A multivariate Cox regression model was run to identify individual and dental factors associated with restoration failure. The sample comprised 269 restored teeth in 111 children. Survival curves were similar for all materials (p = .20) and types of isolation (p = .05). The annual failure rate was 3.60% for glass ionomer cement, 1.23% for resin-modified glass ionomer cement and 0.40% for composite resin. The following variables were associated with more failures: Class II restoration compared with Class I (HR = 1.96; 95%CI: 1.28-2.99, p < .001), proportion of decayed teeth (HR = 11.89; 95%CI: 2.80-50.57, p < .001) and child's age (HR = 1.17; 95%CI: 1.06-1.29, p < .001). The different materials and types of isolation had similar survival rates. Children with more decayed teeth have an increased risk of restoration failure.

Comparative analysis of hydrazinyl coumarin derivative incorporation in resin-modified and conventional glass ionomer cement

ObjectiveThe study aimed to conduct a comparative analysis of the effects of incorporating hydrazinyl coumarin derivative (HCD) in resin-modified (RMGIC) and conventional glass ionomer cement (cGIC) on their release profiles and antibacterial properties. MethodResin-modified GIC, Fuji II LC (F2) and high-fluoride cGIC, Fuji VII (F7) were used as controls. HCD was synthesized in-house, incorporated into both RMGIC and cGICs at 1 % and 2 % weight percentages (w/w), and chemically analyzed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Then, the F2 containing HCD (GIC-HCD F2) and F7 containing HCD (GIC-HCD F7) were evaluated for HCD and fluoride release profiles using UV Visible spectrophotometer and pH/ISE benchtop fluoridemeter, respectively. The antibacterial properties were assessed against Streptococcus sanguinis using the agar well diffusion method and measurement of bacterial growth turbidity, followed by the observation of the bacterial morphology using scanning electron microscope. The data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc tests. ResultsThe FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of HCD in the GIC-HCD matrices. HCD was successfully released from both GIC-HCD F2 and GIC-HCD F7 matrices at both weight percentages. Higher fluoride release and inhibitory zones were observed compared to the control groups, with GIC-HCD F2 having a more significant effect than GIC-HCD F7. Additionally, the incorporation of HCD slowed down the growth of Streptococcus sanguinis and showed remarkable changes in bacterial shape specifically on GIC-HCD F2. ConclusionThe incorporation of HCD into both RMGIC and cGIC improved fluoride release and enhanced the antibacterial activities, with a more significant effect observed in RMGIC compared to cGIC.