Half Full Research Articles

Belatacept Versus Tacrolimus for Kidney Transplant Recipients of Deceased Donors With Acute Kidney Injury: Glass Half-Full?

Belatacept Versus Tacrolimus for Kidney Transplant Recipients of Deceased Donors With Acute Kidney Injury: Glass Half-Full?

Relevance of Behavioral Research in the Evolving State of Anti-obesity Medications: Is the Glass Half Empty or Half Full?

Obesity continues to be a significant public health challenge. While weight loss medications have been studied and available for several years, the newest generation of highly effective anti-obesity medications (AOMs) will shift how behavioral science professionals approach obesity treatment and research. With the unique skill set of behavioral science professionals, this commentary suggests ways to integrate behavioral science into the rapidly evolving landscape of AOM use to accelerate better obesity care and generate new lines of research. The goal of this commentary is to stimulate discussion and encourage responsive and relevant action to improve population health.

Half Empty and Half Full? Women in Economics and the Rise in Gender-Related Research

Using the EconLit dissertation database and large-scale algorithmic methods that identify author demographics from names, we investigate the connection between the gender of economics dissertators and dissertation topics. Despite stagnation in the share of women among economics PhDs in recent years, there has been a remarkable rise in gender-related dissertations in economics over time and in many subfields. Women economists are significantly more likely to write gender-related dissertations and bring gender-related topics into a wide range of fields within economics. Men in economics have also substantially increased their interest in gender-related topics.

Half Empty and Half Full? Women in Economics and the Rise in Gender-Related Research

Half Empty and Half Full? Women in Economics and the Rise in Gender-Related Research

Half Empty and Half Full? Women in Economics and the Rise in Gender-Related Research

Half Empty and Half Full? Women in Economics and the Rise in Gender-Related Research

Searching the half-full glass of COVID-19 pandemic: basic hygienic measures positively impact on postoperative infections after major elective urological surgery: a single-center matched pair analysis.

Since before the COVID-19 pandemic, hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) represented a global healthcare crisis. Few studies suggested that COVID-19-related basic hygiene measures (BHM) could lower HAIs rates, reaching inconclusive results. The aim of this study was to investigate the hypothetical benefit on HAIs rate of COVID-19-enhanced BHM systematic introduction after major elective urological surgery. Since the pandemic began, our hospital has implemented BHM to limit the spread of COVID-19. We compared patients operated in the pre-COVID-19 era (no-BHM period) with those operated after the pandemic started (BHM period). Outcomes were the incidence of HAIs and postoperative complications, and the length of hospital stay (LOS). Two balanced groups were generated by propensity score 1:1 matching. Of 1053 major urological interventions, 604 were performed in the no-BHM period, and 449 in the BHM period. After matched analysis, the comparison groups consisted of 310 patients each. Of 107 recorded HAIs, 43 occurred during the BHM period (13.9%), and 64 during the no-BHM period (20.7%), with a statistically significant difference in multivariable analysis (OR 0.5 [95% CI 0.3-0.8], P=0.004). Postoperative complications rate was significantly lower in the BHM period than in the no-BHM period (29.0% versus 36.5%, OR 0.6 [95% CI 0.4-0.9], P=0.01). The LOS differed significantly between BHM and no-BHM periods: a median of 5 (5-8) days versus 6 (5-8), respectively (P<0.001). The risk of infections, postoperative complications, and prolonged LOS after major urological surgery was significantly reduced with the systematic introduction of COVID-19-related BHM, their application could, therefore, be prolonged with lasting benefits.

Is the Glass Half Full, Half Empty or Both? TMT Optimism Diversity and New Product Introduction

Executive optimism (or pessimism) about the business environment has broad and vital strategic implications. Departing from previous research centered mainly on CEOs, we developed a model explaining when and how TMT optimism shapes new product introduction. We examined the TMT optimism diversity and argued that CEO visionary leadership plays the critical moderating role, in which TMT optimism diversity is positively related to TMT behavioral integrate and ultimately to the new product introduction when CEO has high visionary leadership, whereas it yielded negative effect when CEO has low visionary leadership. Results based on multi-wave and multi-sources data from 83 Chinese small and medium enterprises support the model and associated hypotheses. Our study offers a nuanced theoretical account of the strategic implications of TMT optimism.

Glass Half Full or Half Empty: Does Optimism about Women’s Representation in Elected Office Matter?

ABSTRACT Recent years have seen an unprecedented number of women candidates running for public office. Does the resulting potential for greater gender equality in political representation have downstream effects on individual-level political attitudes, particularly among women voters? Given the partisan imbalance in women’s candidacies, do Republican and Democratic voters experience the growing gender parity in political representation differently? We explore these questions by employing a survey experiment in the 2018 Cooperative Election Study (CES) that manipulates the perceived trajectory of women’s representation in politics. Our results suggest that priming future optimism as compared to pessimism in women’s representation has little overall effect on the gender gap in political efficacy and interest, but that party affiliation can be a moderator in this context. We discuss the broader implications of our findings for women’s engagement in politics.

Gut Content and Viscerosomatic Index Analysis of Family Clariidae in the Riverine Area of South Western Nigeria

Fish gut content analyses refer to methods of analyzing fish diet through assessment of materials found in dissected fish stomach. This work was conducted to determine the gut content, most frequently consumed prey and viscerosomatic index of the Clariidae species found in riverine area in south western Nigeria. The study spanned for six months (December, 2020 to May, 2021). Fish samples were examined fresh using frequency of occurrence, number and degree of fullness to examine the guts. Out of the 99 specimens collected in total, 45.83% and 54.17% of Clarias gariepinus, had ¼ full stomachs and half full stomachs respectively; 60%, 36.67%, 3.33% of Clarias jaensis had ¼ full, half full and ¾ full stomachs stomachs respectively, 63.33% and 36.67% of Clarias anguillaris had ¼ full and half full stomachs respectively while Clarias agboyiensis and Clarias pachynema species had similar stomach fullness of 33.33% for ¼ fullness and 66.67% for half fullness with none of the species having empty nor 100% full stomachs. Result also showed that the examined species are indiscriminate feeders; feeding on both plants and animals. The viscerosomatic index showed that the species had more flesh than carcass, giving an inference that the species have reasonable nutritional value and FCR. In conclusion, the Clariidae species were found to be omnivores and as such are to be provided with more natural materials in their environment for proper growth.

Spontaneous Reduction of Intussusception in Infants: Is the Glass Half Empty or Half Full?

Background: Intussusception is not an uncommon abdominal surgical emergency in children. However, spontaneous reduction of intussusception is possible, though uncommon. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of the characteristics of infants who had spontaneous reduction of intussusception at a tertiary hospital in Enugu, Nigeria. The study covered a 5-year period. Diagnosis of intussusception was made and confirmed based on clinical features and imaging (ultrasound) findings respectively. Results: A total of 383 cases of intussusception in infants were confirmed during the study period. Out of this number, 12 infants had spontaneous reduction. These gave a spontaneous reduction rate of 3.1% and form the basis of this report. The mean age of the patients was 6 months and there was male predominance. Abdominal pain was the most common symptom and the patients had abdominal ultrasound scan. Majority of the patients had normal serum electrolyte values. Two-thirds of the spontaneous reduction occurred preoperatively while one-third of the reductions were noticed intra-op. No definitive operative procedure was performed because the intussusception had resolved spontaneously. www.wjclinicalsurgery.com 1 Conclusion: Spontaneous reduction of intussusception is an uncommon event that may occur without stimulation. This study has shown that about 3 in 100 cases of intussusception in infants may reduce spontaneously. However, it must be emphasized that all efforts should be geared towards nonoperative or operative treatment of intussusception, as spontaneous reduction is not an option of treatment.

Is the Glass Half Empty or Half Full? The Value of Innovation in Anatomic Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: Commentary on an article by Corey J. Schiffman, MD, et al.: "Assessing the Value to the Patient of New Technologies in Anatomic Total Shoulder Arthroplasty".

Is the Glass Half Empty or Half Full? The Value of Innovation in Anatomic Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: Commentary on an article by Corey J. Schiffman, MD, et al.: "Assessing the Value to the Patient of New Technologies in Anatomic Total Shoulder Arthroplasty".

National Residency Matching Program 2020-2021 Cycle: Virtual Interviews in the Wake of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Is the Glass Half Empty or Half Full?

National Residency Matching Program 2020-2021 Cycle: Virtual Interviews in the Wake of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Is the Glass Half Empty or Half Full?

Inspecting the Glass Half-Full Identifies Strengths in the Development of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

Inspecting the Glass Half-Full Identifies Strengths in the Development of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

A Glass Half Full and Half Empty: The State of the Science in Early Childhood Prevention and Intervention Research

In this article, we review the field of early childhood prevention and intervention science, describe noteworthy achievements over the past half-century by researchers in this area, and comment on current issues in need of ongoing attention. Although there have been many successes and noteworthy achievements in the field, in recent decades there has been little progress toward population-level impacts of early intervention. As such, novel empirical methods and revised standards of evidence are needed to complement (rather than replace) existing best practices for the development, implementation, evaluation, and scaling of effective programs.

Large Vessel Occlusion Strokes After the DIRECT-MT and SKIP Trials: Is the Alteplase Syringe Half Empty or Half Full?

Large Vessel Occlusion Strokes After the DIRECT-MT and SKIP Trials: Is the Alteplase Syringe Half Empty or Half Full?

Seeing the Glass as Half Full or Half Empty: The Role of Affect-Induced Optimistic and Pessimistic States on Justice Perceptions and Outcomes

In this paper, we develop and test theory to explain how employees’ perceptions of supervisor justice behavior are subjectively influenced by optimistic and pessimistic states. We propose that stat...

Is our profession half full or half empty?

Is our profession half full or half empty?

Entrusting the Future of Rural Society through Nurturing Civic Pride: Endeavors in Gojome Town, Akita Prefecture of Japan

This photo essay illustrates a study on endeavors in a rural Japanese town with a declining population and discusses the future of rural society from a perspective of civic pride as well as sustainability. The population of the town of Gojome, located in Akita Prefecture of northern Japan, has halved from 20,025 in 1960 to 9,481 in 2015. Depopulation is often perceived as a half-empty glass, but we approached our study with the view that it is half-full. We discuss the issue through appreciative approaches by adopting the concept of “civic pride” as an alternative lens based on our empirical survey. The methodology adopted for this field survey include individual interviews with 126 respondents (consisting of 79 residents of Gojome and 47 individuals who were visiting the town) across different generations, 15 key informant interviews, drawings of their pride about the town by 34 sixth-graders of Gojome Elementary School, and observations. It was found that various generations of proud Gojome locals and non-locals have started to proactively participate in the process of bettering the town through various social, cultural, economic, and environmental activities. Based on our learning in Gojome town we conclude that, in the wake of rural depopulation, nurturing “civic pride” could potentially contribute to rural sustainability through entrusting the future of rural society to next generations.

Passing on the half-empty glass: A transgenerational study of interpretation biases in children at risk for depression and their parents with depression.

Children of parents with a history of depression have an increased risk of developing depression themselves. The present study investigated the role of interpretation biases (that have been found in adults and adolescents with depression but have rarely been examined in at-risk youth) in the transgenerational transmission of depression risk. Interpretation biases were assessed with two experimental tasks: Ambiguous Scenarios Task (AST) and Scrambled Sentences Task (SST) in 9-14-year-old children of parents with a history of depression (high risk; n = 43) in comparison to children of parents with no history of mental disorders (low risk; n = 35). Interpretation biases were also compared between the two groups of parents and relationships between children's and parents' bias scores were examined. As expected, we found more negative interpretation biases in high-risk children compared to low-risk children as well as in parents with a history of depression compared to never-depressed parents (assessed via the SST but not the AST). However, transgenerational correlations were only found for the AST. Our results indicate that negative interpretation biases are present in youth at risk for depression, possibly representing a cognitive vulnerability for the development of depression. Moreover, different measures of interpretation bias seemed to capture different aspects of biased processing with the more implicit measure (SST) being a more valid indicator of depressive processing. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

Supplemental Material for Passing on the Half-Empty Glass: A Transgenerational Study of Interpretation Biases in Children at Risk for Depression and Their Parents With Depression

Supplemental Material for Passing on the Half-Empty Glass: A Transgenerational Study of Interpretation Biases in Children at Risk for Depression and Their Parents With Depression