Glass Bead Sterilizer Research Articles

Optimizing the Glass Bead Sterilization Protocol Focusing on Removal of Organic and Bacterial Intraoperative Contamination.

Validated glass bead sterilization protocols to effectively sterilize rodent surgical instruments after bacterial exposure (for example, cecal contamination) are lacking. To refine current approaches, we added either a multienzyme detergent, neutral pH detergent, or chlorhexidine scrub step before glass bead sterilization of forceps or needle drivers exposed to cecal contents. We exposed sets of forceps and needle drivers to cecal contents, which were then air dried for 3 min. Immediately after, the instruments were wiped several times with a clean, dry paper towel. The contaminated tips were soaked in either a multienzyme or neutral pH detergent (t = 5 min), chlorhexidine scrub (t = 2 min), or no pretreatment solution. To further increase debris removal, instruments (from all groups) were brushed using a clean toothbrush. The nonpretreatment instruments were briefly soaked in saline before brushing. After being rinsed with sterile water, all instruments were exposed to a glass bead sterilizer for 60 s at 500 °F (260 °C). Sets were then swabbed for bacterial culturing. Swabs were plated onto either sheep blood agar (n = 23) or chocolate agar (n = 20) for aerobic culturing or Brucella agar (n = 20) for anaerobic culturing. A subset of instruments was sampled to determine organic material presence after treatment using an ATP luminometer (n = 21). Multiple agar types and bioluminescence were used to more deeply evaluate tool sterility and to differentiate the relative effectiveness of each protocol. From the saline group, only one pair of forceps yielded growth on Brucella agar, and 2 pairs yielded growth on chocolate agar. No other bacterial growth was observed. The use of a pretreatment agent also lowered overall organic contamination levels in needle drivers compared with using only saline. These results indicate that brushing instruments to mechanically remove debris from instruments is paramount to ensure sterility. However, a best practice would be to also use one of the pretreatment options used in this study.

UV-C light as an alternative for disinfecting orthodontic pliers

Objective: Orthodontists use orthodontic pliers continuously, and these tools have a strong potential for nosocomial infections. This study aimed to compare the efficiency of three methods for disinfecting orthodontic pliers. Material and Methods: The active tips of 26 orthodontic pliers (distal end cutters and Weingart pliers) were contaminated with S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans microorganisms, viruses, and spores. The microbial control methods were 70% alcohol disinfection, glass bead sterilization (250 °C dry heat), and ultraviolet light irradiation (250 nm UV-C) for 30 and 60 seconds. The number of colony-forming units (CFU) and plaque-forming units (PFU) was quantified and compared for each microorganism after incubation in culture plates. Results: All tips of the pliers in the groups that received ultraviolet light or were subjected to glass bead sterilization showed a significantly lower number of spores, bacteria, and fungi than their respective control samples (p<0.001). Physical disinfection with UV-C light may represent a reliable alternative compared to other chemical and physical methods due to the increase in microorganisms resistant to chemical products and the emission of harmful by-products after chemical treatment. Conclusion: The tested microbial control methods were effective in the disinfection of orthodontic pliers, making ultraviolet-C light a promising alternative to eliminate microorganisms from pliers. KEYWORDS Biosafety; Contamination; Disinfection; Microorganisms; Ultraviolet light.

Sterilisasi Peralatan dan Media Kultur Jaringan

Plant tissue culture is a technology used to propagate plants under controlled and aseptic environmental conditions. One of the obstacles in tissue culture activities is the presence of bacterial and fungal contamination. Equipment and growing media that are used for tissue culture can be the source of contamination. The method that can be used to reduce contamination is using sterilization. Sterilization is used to kill or eliminate microorganisms so that the equipment and media are free from contaminants. Equipment sterilization can be done through several methods such as wet sterilization and dry sterilization. Wet sterilization is carried out using an autoclave, while dry sterilization can be carried out using an oven, fire, and glass bead sterilizer. Media sterilization is generally carried out using an autoclave or membrane filter.

Effectiveness of the Glass Bead Sterilizer for Sterilizing Surgical Instruments.

Survival rodent surgery requires the use of sterile instruments for each animal, which can be challenging when performing multiple surgeries on batches of animals. Glass bead sterilizers (GBS) are widely considered to facilitate this practice by sterilizing the tips of the instruments between animals. However, other disciplines have raised questions about the efficacy of the GBS, especially when used with surgical tools that have grooves or ridges that may contain organic debris. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of the GBS to sterilize instruments commonly used in rodent surgery by intentionally contaminating a selection of instruments with a standardized bacterial broth inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. As expected, a simple ethanol wipe was ineffective in sterilizing instruments in all treatment groups. An ethanol wipe followed by GBS was effective in sterilizing 82.5% (99 of 120) of the instruments. Our study suggests that the GBS may not be effective for consistent sterilization of surgical instruments.

Comparing Sterilization of Endodontic Hand Files by Four Different Methods: An In Vitro Study.

The aim and objective of this study is to compare the efficacy of four various approaches of sterilizing endodontic hand files via Autoclave, Glass-bead sterilizer, Glutaraldehyde solution, and Diode laser. Fifty-two k-files of size #25 and length 21 mm were taken for the study. All the 52 files were presterilized in an endodontic instrument box via autoclave. Bacillus stearothermophilus spore suspension was prepared and all the presterilized files were contaminated with stearothermophilus spore suspension in a sterile Petri dish under vacuum hood safety. Later, the test files were randomly divided into four groups of 13 each and subjected to four different methods of sterilization- Autoclave, Glass-bead sterilizer, Glutaraldehyde solution, and Diode laser. Files were then be placed in thioglycollate media containing test tubes and incubated in an incubator at 55°C and checked for turbidity at 3 days and 21 days. The result revealed that there was no Turbidity present in test tubes on both the 3rd and 21st day for autoclave. In all the remaining sterilization procedures there was some amount of turbidity present. In terms of sterilization provided autoclave provides complete sterilization and glutaraldehyde solution is the least effective.The specificity of Bacillus stearothermophilus was then confirmed with a sugar test viz., starch hydrolysis test which gave a positive result confirming the presence of Bacillus stearothermophilus. We can conclude that autoclave is the perfect process of sterilization providing 100% sterility and although Glass-bead didn't provide 100% sterility, it can be used as an alternative if autoclave is not available. Ameer B, Khatib MS, Peerzade SM, et al. Comparing Sterilization of Endodontic Hand Files by Four Different Methods: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(2):149-152.

The Effect of Multiple Glass Bead Sterilization Cycles On Cyclic Fatigue of AF BLUE S one File

The Effect of Multiple Glass Bead Sterilization Cycles On Cyclic Fatigue of AF BLUE S one File

The Effect of Multiple Glass Beads Sterilization Cycles on Cyclic Fatigue of AF Blue S One File

Introduction: Sterilization represent an important and essential aspect, now days Most of the dentists usually use the endodontic files for many times before they discard it, this could increase the need for reliable and fast sterilization method, but without affecting the physical properties of the endodontic files. Aim of the Study: This study discusses an economic method of sterilization (glass bead) and its effect on the fracture resistance of the AF Blue S one file (Fanta) with multiple reuses of the system. Method and Materials: A total of 75 AF BLUE S one NiTi Rotary files (FANTA) #25 size with 0.04 taper and 25 millimeter length, were used in this study, divided into three groups to test their cyclic fatigue resistance after multiple sterilization cycles. Result: The results were statically analyzed using (SPSS) software, Anova test showed a statically high significant differences between the groups. Conclusions: Within the limitation of this study, it can be concluded that AF Blue S one file with 4 time glass bead sterilization cycle was the most fatigue resistant compared to zero and two sterilization cycle.

Comparative evaluation of four different sterilization methods on contaminated endodontic files

Background: The reuse of instruments in the field of endodontics leads to cross infection due to contamination with microbes as the instruments come into direct contact with saliva, blood, and infected tissues. Since microbes are considered to be the major cause of endodontic failures, sterilization of endodontic instruments is mandatory for maintaining asepsis to prevent cross-contamination from one person to other. Hence, the present study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of four different methods of sterilizing contaminated endodontic files. Materials and Methods: A total of 48 stainless steel K files were divided into four groups based on the sterilization method followed – Group A: Autoclave, Group B: Glass bead sterilization, Group C: Glutaraldehyde, and Group D: Quitanet Plus (aldehyde-free solution). In all the tested groups, half of the files were contaminated with Escherichia coli and remaining with Enterococcus faecalis. Then, presterilization colony counts were recorded, followed by sterilization through respective methods. Later, the sterilized files were rinsed with distilled water and 100 ul of the diluted concentration was transferred and cultured onto the respective agar plates to determine the total microbial reduction. Results: Autoclave showed complete effectiveness in reducing the microbial count followed by Quitanet Plus, glass bead sterilizer, and glutaraldehyde. Conclusion: Autoclave is considered to be the best sterilization technique to prevent cross infection in endodontic therapy.

Evaluation of new technique of sterilization using biological indicator.

Background:A novel technique of sterilization of endodontic files is introduced in this article.Aims:Newly introduced sterilization unit, named “SteriFast” is compared with autoclave and glass bead sterilizer using biological indicator.Materials and Methods:Spore strips of Bacillus pumilus were cultured in nutrient broth. This cultured media was used to contaminate the experimental samples of endodontic files. These contaminated files were sterilized using three different techniques. The sterilized files were transferred into nutrient medium under aseptic condition. The results were observed after 24 h, 48 h, and 7 days.Results:The results showed that autoclave and new sterilization device (SteriFast) showed complete sterilization. The files sterilized using glass bead sterilizer showed bacterial growth (80%).Conclusions:Thus, it proves that autoclave and SteriFast are ideal techniques of sterilization of endodontic files. Glass bead sterilizer does not completely sterilize the files. The article also compares SteriFast and autoclave in other aspects such as its design, basic principle, advantages, and disadvantages. The article also describes features and design of SteriFast, used for all kind of small dental instruments.

Evaluation of Efficiency of Different Decontamination Methods of Dental Burs: An In vivo Study.

Introduction:Infection control is very important in dentistry. Both dentist and patients are at risk of communicating diseases during treatment procedures. Dental burs have been identified as a source of cross-contamination between patient and dental personnel.Aim:The present study was done to quantitatively and qualitatively assess the pathogenic contamination of dental burs used for tooth preparation and to determine the effective method of sterilization(autoclave, glass bead sterilizer, hot air oven and surgical spirit immersion) of burs used for crown preparation.Methodology:Dental burs were assessed before and after tooth preparation, also after sterilization burs were evaluated.Conclusion:Findings of our study revealed that among the experimental groups used in the present study, Autoclave and Hot air oven was found to be the relatively best method to sterilize burs. Proper cleaning and sterilization of burs should be strictly employed to prevent cross contamination in clinical practice.

Glass bead sterilizer comprehensively defeats hot air oven in orthodontic clinic

Glass bead sterilizer comprehensively defeats hot air oven in orthodontic clinic

Glass bead sterilizer comprehensively defeats hot air oven in orthodontic clinic

Background: It is necessary to 'try in' several bands before the correct one is selected. A possible concern with re-using such bands is the lack of cross-infection control. Aim and Objectives: To determine whether such bands could be successfully decontaminated with Glass bead sterilization so that they could be re-used without a cross-infection risk. Materials: Custom made molar bands were taken and buccal tubes,lingual sheath and lingual cleat were welded under strict aseptic conditions. Methods: Samples were divided into 2 groups i.e. A and B, based on mode for sterilization. Sterilized attachments were placed in each of 2 conical flask. The bacteria spores were inoculated into both flask under strict aseptic conditions. Bacteria Bacillus subtillis and Staphylococcus albus species were allowed to multiply in individual flasks filled with BHI broth for 24 hours. Bands from 1st group were placed in a glass bead sterilizer. For the 2 nd group i.e. hot air oven group, all bands were placed together. After sterilization bands were removed and placed in freshly sterilized 500ml conical flask containing BHI broth for 24 hours in the incubator. The following day randomly 4 attachments were selected from each group and streaked on blood agar culture plates. Results: After sterilization and on further incubation in BHI broth for 24 and 48 hrs. Respectively no growth was seen. Conclusion: 1 hr. of Hot Air Oven sterilization (excluding pre sterilization heat up time and post sterilization cooling time) at 190°C is as effective as 3 min of Chair side Glass Bead sterilization.

Comparative Evaluation of the Effects of Different Sterilization Methods on Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of NiTi Files: An in vitro Study

evaluated. A total of new 50 ProTaper files nickel-titanium (NiTi) files (Tulsa-dentsply, USA), of standard # 20 size with taper of 0.06 and 25 mm length were taken, and divided into five groups according to method of sterilization employed with 10 files in each group. Group 1: Control with no sterilization of files. Group 2: Autoclaved files at 121oC at 15 psi for 15 minutes. Group 3: Files wiped with 90% ethyl alcohol solution. Group 4: Files submerged in glass bead sterilizer at 425o Ffor 10 seconds. Group 5: Files immersed in 2% glutaral dehyde solution for 4 hours. After five cycles of sterilization, in custom made cyclic fatigue testing model, time taken for fracture of files and number of cycles to failure (NCF) was calculated in each group. Results were analyzed statistically using analysis of variance (ANOVA) test at the 95% confidence level (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Changes in the mechanical properties of NiTi endodontic instruments after five cycles of common sterilization procedures were insignificant.

Postures of pediatric dentists toward endodontic standards and acceptance of novel technology in Udaipur city: A questionnaire survey

Background: To ascertain the current clinical practice of pediatric dentists involves utilization of a variety of materials and recent technological advances. Materials and Methods: A total of 218 pediatric dentists (118 males and 100 females) were selected for the study those are registered in IDA Udaipur and surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire. Participants were divided into three groups according to their year of experience in the clinical practice. A total of 11 structured questions presented through a pilot study done among the 10% of the total participant's related to endodontic procedure were used for the study. Frequency and percentage distribution were calculated. Results: The results showed that glass bead sterilization (41.3%) was the most commonly used method for sterilization. Isolation during the pulpectomy procedure performed using cotton rolls and suction tip (40.4%). Most of them used hand instruments (58.3%) among those; K-file (42.7%) was widely used. Radiographic method (53.7%) was most common procedure for determination of working length. Single sitting pulpectomy was not commonly preferred. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that endodontic technology and materials for pulpectomy procedures are slowly being adapted in clinical practice in India. Therefore, pediatric dentist should update their knowledge and practice with current technology.

Pathological evaluation for sterilization of routinely used prosthodontic and endodontic instruments.

Background:In daily practice of dentistry, we use same instruments on many patients. Before use, all instruments must be cleaned, disinfected, and sterilized to prevent any contamination. Pre-cleaning and sterilization of some devices can be difficult because of their small size and complex architecture. Dental burs and endodontic files are such instruments. Dental burs come in a variety of shapes and sizes, all with highly complex and detailed surface features.Aim:To determine the effectiveness of various disinfectants and sterilization techniques for disinfection and resterilization of dental burs and endodontic files.Materials and Methods:The materials used for the study were dental burs and endodontic files. Disinfectants used were Quitanet plus, glutaraldehyde, glass-bead sterilizer, and autoclave. The sterility of used dental burs and endodontic files was analyzed. Burs and files that had been used were pre-cleaned, resterilized, and then tested for various pathogens. Each item was transferred by sterile technique into Todd-Hewitt broth, incubated at 37°C for 72 h, and observed for bacterial growth.Results:The present study shows that the endodontic files and burs sterilized by autoclaving and glutaraldehyde showed complete sterilization. Burs and files immersed in glutaraldehyde (2.4%) for 12 h showed complete sterilization, whereas Quitanet plus solution and glass-bead sterilizer showed incomplete sterilization.Conclusion:The present study results indicate that autoclaving and glutaraldehyde (2.4%) showed complete sterilization. Other methods cannot be relied upon for sterilization.

Decontamination methods used for dental burs - a comparative study.

Infection control and modes of sterilizations are the key factors to avoid cross transmission of infection in the field of dentistry. Transmission of disease or infection is noted with improper sterilization of reused instruments. Dental burs are the most important tool in any endodontic or conservative procedures of teeth involving tooth contouring, restorative filling procedures and endodontic procedures. Hence, the present study is undertaken to assess the efficacy of different methods of sterilization or decontamination which are routinely used in dental clinics. For the present study 96 round diamond burs were selected and divided into 6 groups. These burs were used for the access cavity preparation to get contamination and subjected for bacteriological culture. After getting base line date burs were subjected to manual scrubbing, hot air oven, glass bead sterilizer, ultrasonic cleaner and autoclave to get post decontamination data. The study revealed that mean colony forming units/ml of Streptococcus mutans decreased maximum for autoclave with 80% reduction, for Lactobacilli 76% reduction and for Candida albicans maximum reduction seen for glass bead sterilizer with 74%. Findings of our study revealed that none of the methods used were found to be absolutely efficacious in the decontamination of dental burs. However, among the experimental groups used in the present study, autoclave was found to be the relatively best method.

Alcohol-Mediated Horizontal Spread of Bacillus Spores and Assessing the Recurrent Sterilization Needs of Culture-Handling Tools Contaminated with Hardy Spores

The study was taken up to assess the chances of alcohol and instrument mediated horizontal transmission of bacterial spores and to fix the sterilization needs of tools recurrently used in bacteriological or plant tissue culture work in the backdrop of encountering mixtures in purified microbial cultures and the re-emergence of contaminants in ‘bacteria-sanitized’ plant tissue cultures. The microbial inoculating needle after contaminating the loop portion with Bacillus subtilis or B. pumilus spores was flamed over a sprit-lamp or gas-burner directly for 10–40 s, or after dipping the instrument (10–12 cm) in spore-adulterated 90 % ethanol or rectified spirit (96 %). The loop and rod portions were monitored for any residual inoculum by bringing the loop region in contact with nutrient agar, or swabbing the rod portion with moistened cotton-bud and imprinting on agar medium. Direct flaming of loop region for ≥20 s eliminated the hardy spores therein, whereas alcohol-dip and flaming increased the chances of spore survival on the rod portion that were acquired from the contaminated alcohol. Similar results were observed with the set of forceps used in tissue culturing work after dip in spore-containing ethanol. Alcohol once got adulterated with the hardy spores served as a source of bacterial inoculum causing unsuspected lateral spread of contamination. Direct flaming of inoculating loop nichrome or the forceps-tips, which came in contact with the microbial inoculum, preferably over a gas flame proved satisfactory for instrument sterilization. Alternatively, the use of autoclaved micropipette tips for handling bacterial cultures in the petri-dishes or attaching the tips to a pair of sterilized forceps is suggested for handling the cultures in tubes. Exposing the forceps and scalpel in a glass bead sterilizer set at 260 °C for ≥5 min effectively sterilized the tissue culturing tools.

Reliability of Glass Bead Sterilization for Tried-in Orthodontic Bands

Reliability of Glass Bead Sterilization for Tried-in Orthodontic Bands

Reliability of Glass Bead Sterilization for Tried-in Orthodontic Bands

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of two methods of sterilization for the decontamination of tried-in orthodontic bands after initial cleaning procedures. Materials and methods: A total of 68 molar bands were tried-in mouth of 17 patients. After try-in, 60 bands were cleaned in ultrasonic cleaning bath and then were equally divided into two groups (n = 30). Bands from group 1 were autoclaved in benchtop autoclave. Bands from group 2 were sterilized in glass bead sterilizer. After sterilization, the bands from both the groups were incubated in 50 ml brain heart infusion (BHI) broth. Eight remaining bands were neither cleaned nor sterilized. They served as positive control and were directly incubated in BHI broth. One bottle of BHI broth which did not contain any orthodontic band, served as negative control was incubated. Incubation of BHI broth for all the groups was done at 37°C for 5 days. After 5 days of incubation, BHI broth samples from all the groups were taken and incubated in blood agar culture medium. Results: All the groups except the positive control group did not show any turbidity in the BHI broth and growth in blood agar culture media. The broth containing positive control group had increase turbidity after 5 days and growth of gram-positive cocci in blood agar culture media. Conclusion: Glass bead sterilization is equally effective as benchtop autoclave for sterilization of orthodontic bands.

Comparison of the effectiveness of sterilizing endodontic files by 4 different methods: An in vitro study

Sterilization is the best method to counter the threats of microorganisms. The purpose of sterilization in the field of health care is to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. In dentistry, it primarily relates to processing reusable instruments to prevent cross-infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of 4 methods of sterilizing endodontic instruments: Autoclaving, carbon dioxide laser sterilization, chemical sterilization (with glutaraldehyde) and glass-bead sterilization. The endodontic file was sterilized by 4 different methods after contaminating it with bacillus stearothermophillus and then checked for sterility by incubating after putting it in test tubes containing thioglycollate medium. The study showed that the files sterilized by autoclave and lasers were completely sterile. Those sterilized by glass bead were 90% sterile and those with glutaraldehyde were 80% sterile. The study concluded that autoclave or laser could be used as a method of sterilization in clinical practice and in advanced clinics; laser can be used also as a chair side method of sterilization.