Gland Neoplasms In Children Research Articles

Salivary Gland Neoplasms in Children and Adolescents.

Salivary gland neoplasms (SGNs) in children are uncommon. Epithelial SGNs (ESGNs) comprise the majority (95%), with the remaining being mesenchymal SGNs (MeSGNs). Pleomorphic adenoma is the most frequently encountered benign neoplasm, mucoepidermoid carcinoma is the most frequent malignant ESGN, and rhabdomyosarcoma is the most frequent malignant MeSGN. ESGN presents in the second decade, whereas MeSGN presents in the first and second decades. Swelling without pain or neurological signs is the main presentation of both benign and malignant neoplasms. Making an accurate preoperative histological diagnosis is important, so a needle biopsy or a perioperative frozen section is useful when there is doubt about the disease status of the patient; the excised tumour margin is also important. Surgical excision should aim to achieve clear margin excision in benign and malignant ESGNs, minimising the need for adjuvant radiotherapy and maximising the long-term likelihood of patient cure. Benign ESGNs are uncommon, and excision is curative, whereas malignant ESGN and MeSGN should be managed by a multidisciplinary paediatric oncology team.

Salivary Gland Neoplasms in Children

Salivary gland neoplasms in pediatric population are extremely rare. The aim of the present study was to determine the clinicopathologic characteristics of salivary gland neoplasms in patients younger than 19 years at our institution. During a 38-year period, a total of 119 pediatric patients met the diagnosis of epithelial salivary gland neoplasms. Clinicopathologic parameters were reviewed. There were 87 (73.1%) benign and 32 (26.9%) malignant neoplasms. The mean age of pediatric patients was 15.1 years. The male-to-female ratio was 1:1.25. One hundred thirteen cases occurred among patients not younger than 10 years. The highest frequency of epithelial salivary gland neoplasms was pleomorphic adenoma (70.6%). Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (16 cases) was the most common malignant tumor in the salivary gland, occupying 50.0% of the malignancies and 13.4% of all salivary gland neoplasms. Salivary gland neoplasms in Chinese pediatric patients are rare. There is a female predominance. Most of the tumors occur among patients not younger than 10 years. The most common benign tumor is pleomorphic adenomas, and the most common malignant tumor is mucoepidermoid carcinomas.

Salivary gland neoplasms in children: The experience of the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan

Epithelial salivary gland tumors are very uncommon in pediatric age. We report a series of 52 cases treated at the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan, Italy, over a 30-year period. These results are presented in conjunction with a literature review of salivary tumors with a view to providing an up-to-date overview of the clinical course, prognosis, and treatment options for this rare tumor. Fifty-two cases of epithelial salivary tumors were reviewed and the clinical-pathological information concerning tumor characteristics, therapy, and follow-up were collected. Patients' age ranged between 4 and 18 years. The major salivary glands were the main site of tumor occurrence (79% of cases arose in parotid glands); 37 patients had benign tumors (pleomorphic adenoma), 15 had malignant tumors (12 mucoepidermoid carcinoma, 9 low grade). All the patients were treated by surgery; local relapses after parotidectomy were 4% and 25%, in benign and malignant tumors, respectively. When tumor enucleation was performed, recurrences occurred in 50% of benign neoplasms. At the time of the report, all patients with benign tumors were alive, 35(95%) without evidence of disease; only one patient with malignant tumor died of disease. Epithelial salivary glands tumor in children had different characteristics compared with their adult counterpart with respect to the frequency of histotypes and site of occurrence, but their prognosis seems to be similar. Parotidectomy (total or superficial) is the best choice for achieving good cure rates in both benign and malignant tumors.

SALIVARY GLAND PATHOLOGY IN CHILDREN

SUMMARY Salivary gland diseases in children represent an uncommon disease entity. When viral sialadenitis is excluded these disorders are quite rare. Inflammatory disorders and viral and bacterial sialadenitis occur most commonly in the pediatric population. Salivary gland neoplasms in children are very uncommon and account for less than 5% of all salivary gland neoplasms. Pediatric salivary gland neoplasms occur most often in the parotid gland. Hemangiomas, lymphangiomas, and pleomorphic adenomas are the most common neoplasms, with malignant neoplasms following in frequency. The presentation and management of salivary gland diseases generally parallel those found in adults. However, the incidence of diseases varies greatly.

Salivary gland neoplasms in children: a 10-year survey at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia

Fifteen salivary gland tumors were treated at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia between 1982 and 1991. Eight of these lesions were malignant and 7 were benign. All of the benign tumors were pleomorphic adenomas. For these, superficial parotidectomy or excision of the submandibular gland was the treatment of choice. One child had recurrence 2 years after her initial surgery. Among the malignant lesions, mucoepidermoid carcinoma was diagnosed in 5 children, and acinic cell carcinoma in 3. Six malignant tumors involved the parotid gland, while 2 originated in the submandibular salivary gland. Superficial or total parotidectomy, or excision of the submandibular gland was performed, according to the nature and the location of the lesion. The facial nerve was sacrificed in one patient because of extensive involvement of the nerve. A 2-year survival rate of 100% was achieved and all the patients were free of disease at the end of the follow-up period. Successful management of salivary gland lesions in children requires a high index of suspicion of possible malignancy and complete surgical removal as the initial treatment. Radiation therapy is recommended in the management of those patients with microscopic residual tumor and/or nodal involvement.

Salivary Gland Neoplasms in Children

We reviewed 20 children with salivary gland neoplasms treated at the National Cancer Center Hospital between 1964 and 1990. Retrospective analyses of pathological features and the clinical courses of these cases constituted the bases of the present study. The age of onset was late childhood in 19 cases, ranging from 9 to 20 years, but one patient was 1 year old. Approximately half (55%) the neoplasms were malignant. Histologically, all the benign neoplasms were pleomorphic adenomas (nine cases) and the most common malignant neoplasm was mucoepidermoid carcinoma (six cases, 55%), followed by adenocarcinoma (three cases, 27%), adenoid cystic carcinoma (one case, 9%) and malignant mixed tumor (one case, 9%). Recurrences of pleomorphic adenomas occurred only in the three patients initially treated with enucleation; meanwhile, five patients treated with superficial parotidectomy, and one with submandibular glandectomy, had no recurrence. Recurrences of malignant tumors occurred in all six patients initially treated with enucleation only and in one with superficial parotidectomy but not in two patients treated with total parotidectomy. In seven patients treated with prophylactic neck dissection, no metastasis was identified pathologically. The results support no enucleation of the tumor being applied at the first operation for curing both benign and malignant salivary gland tumors. The indication for radical neck dissection appears to be limited.

Endodermal sinus (yolk sac) tumor of the parotid gland: a case report

Malignant salivary gland neoplasms in children are rare, most common being mucoepidermoid carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, acinic cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Most germ-cell neoplasms of head and neck in children are teratomas. The authors report a case of endodermal sinus tumor (EST) of the parotid gland in a 2-year-old girl, which recurred after chemotherapy. The role of α-fetoprotein (AFP) serum level as a helpful marker in differential diagnosis and in evaluating tumor progression is underlined.

Salivary gland neoplasms in children.

Of 29 patients, aged 3 to 16 years, with nonvasoformative salivary gland tumors, 21 had malignant tumors. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the most common; adenocarcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and acinic cell carcinoma were equally represented. Pleomorphic adenoma was the exclusive benign lesion, occurring in eight patients. Mean follow-up for patients with malignant lesions was 13.6 years (minimum, 3.5 years). Absolute 2- and 5-year survival rates were 100% and 90%, respectively. Mean follow-up for benign lesions was 15.9 years; none recurred. Superficial or total parotidectomy is the treatment of choice for malignant parotid neoplasms. Benign parotid lesions are adequately controlled with parotidectomy based on extent of disease. Facial nerve sacrifice can often be avoided. We advocate postoperative radiotherapy for high-grade lesions or those with adverse prognostic factors, such as soft-tissue extension and perineural invasion.

Salivary gland tumours in children

A 40-year experience (1948–1987) of salivary gland neoplasms in children is presented. Thirty-seven tumours were found — 31 in the parotid gland (84%), 3 in the submandibular gland, 2 in the palate, and 1 in ectopic salivary gland tissue. Twenty-two benign and 15 malignant tumours were found. Haemangiomas and pleomorphic adenomas constituted the majority of the benign tumours. Eight epithelial and 7 mesenchymal malignancies were found. The commonest carcinoma was mucoepidermoid tumour, while embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma was the most frequent mesenchymal tumour. Results of treatment are given. Liaison of paediatric surgeons with the pathologists is emphasised to ensure optimum diagnosis in management of these uncommon lesions of childhood.

Salivary gland malignancies in children.

Malignant salivary gland neoplasms in children are rare. Such tumors usually occur in the parotid gland of older children. Sixteen cases of major salivary gland malignancy are reviewed, 14 occurring in the parotid gland and two in the submandibular gland. Adenoid cystic carcinoma was the most common malignancy encountered, occurring in five patients; four have died of disease. Low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma occurred in three patients and all remain alive and free of disease. An assorted variety of other cancers occurred in eight patients. One child died of reticulum cell sarcoma of the parotid gland, and two children have died of adenocarcinoma. The remaining five patients remain alive and free of disease. Salivary gland malignancies in children appear to have similar biological activity as those occurring in adults. Such tumors must be treated according to the same principles generally accepted for management of salivary gland malignancies in adults.

Salivary Gland Neoplasms in Children

Salivary gland neoplasms in children represent an uncommon entity. However, the presence of such a tumor demands an accurate diagnostic evaluation in view of the commonplace occurrence of malignancy. Observation of fluctuant masses and surgical resection of firm masses are the recommended principles of management, with the majority of these neoplasms having a favorable prognosis.