Ginning Process Research Articles

ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTAL TEST RESULTS OF CURRENT AND NEW COMPOSITION COLONS

In the process of separating cotton fiber from seed in a sawed fiber separator, the formation of raw material depends on several factors. The most important of them are the speed of rotation of the raw material, fiber, density, the amount of seeds separated from the fiber, etc. In addition, it is necessary to take into account the force of friction created by the walls of the working chamber due to the pressure created in the raw material. A high coefficient of friction of the colossal working surface has a negative effect on work efficiency, in particular, frictional forces cause the seed separated from the fiber to remain on the colossal working surface. These factors have an effect on the performance of the fiber separator and the quality of the extracted fiber. It is known that in the process of ginning, 25% of the fiber and seeds separated from the fiber remain in the raw material pile, causing mechanical damage. The main goal of the research is to prevent fiber and seed damage in the process of separating cotton fiber from the seed by installing a colosnik structure with the new recommended composition, to increase the efficiency of the seed exit from the working chamber, and at the same time to study ways to reduce energy consumption during the ginning process. This research paper presents an analysis of the results obtained after installing one of the working parts of the gin machine on the DL-10 gin machine of the existing and recommended composition of colosniks. The main purpose of introducing the new construction is to increase the efficiency of the DL-10 gin machine of the society, to develop it by filling it with new technologies, and to obtain quality fiber and seed.

Measuring the impact of ginning stages on cotton fiber quality in the context of west and central Africa

The ginning process has an effect on fiber quality. Avoiding fiber quality deterioration due to mistune or overspeed is crucial, especially in west and central Africa where value chains are highly dependent on prices paid for premium fiber quality. Indeed, fiber classification alone does not permit a reliable measurement of ginning impact, as it depends on many factors such as incoming seed cotton quality, equipment type, number, and settings within each ginning process stage. This study describes a sampling and analysis method precise enough to detect any commercial impact on fiber quality at each main ginning stage. It is based on fiber quality characteristic measurements before and after each main stage: seed cotton cleaning, ginning, and lint cleaning. The sampling and testing protocol was applied in Mali in seven industrial gins during the 2015–2016 ginning season. Seed cotton samples were taken before and after the seed cotton cleaning stage, and fiber samples before and after the lint cleaning stage. Seed cotton samples were ginned with a reference saw micro-gin. The precision of fiber characterization was measured by replicating twice each fiber sample characterization in a laboratory meeting the international standards. Based on the variability measured in Mali, we determined for each fiber characteristic the number of replicates required to detect any commercially harmful impact. Growing and ginning conditions in Mali are representative of those in west and central Africa. Based on this method, one needs to develop an on-line tool to measure fiber quality at every stage of industrial ginning.

Structure Damage on Cotton Fiber via Coupling Effect of Moisture Regains and Low Temperature

ABSTRACT The most crucial variables that influence the characteristics and quality of cotton fibers during the cotton growth and ginning processes are temperature and moisture regains. Here the cotton fiber samples were generated with pre-treatment using a synergistic strategy of moisture regains and low temperatures, the morphology and structure of the fibers with different pre-treatments were analyzed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Photoelectron Spectrometer (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry (13C NMR). Further, the mechanical properties of the cotton fibers were evaluated using LLY-06E tensile. The results shown that, with 3 days of freezing in -18℃, the linear density variation of the cotton fiber samples reached maximum, and the surface of the fibers showed noticeable fractures, local holes, and folded damage. Moreover, the low temperature and high moisture regain caused the internal water molecules of the cotton fibers interact in complex ways, altering the intermolecular forces but without changing the chemical composition. This research expands the temperature field of cotton fibers, particularly in the ginning process, by investigating the damage to the mechanical characteristics of cotton fibers caused by the combined effect of low temperature and moisture regain.

DEVELOPMENT OF AN EXPERIMENTAL INSTALLATION WITH A BUNKER-FEEDER AND ITS DESCRIPTION

In the article, after the ginning process in cotton ginning enterprises, ginned seeds are analyzed. A device is recommended for extracting the seeds that have fiber that can be spun from inside them (non-ginned), and the working scheme and principle of operation of the device are presented.

GEOMETRY OF THE GIN-SAW TEETH EFFECT ON SEPRATION OF FIBERS FROM SEED COTTON DURING THE GINNING PROCESS.

The article provides a theoretical and practical analysis of the determining factor in the quality of fiber and seed separated from cotton during the ginning process, which is the saw-gin's tooth geometry or tooth profile the

Further Studies of Mechanical Damage on Machine-Harvested Cotton Fiber via Coupling Effect of Moisture Regains and Low Temperature

ABSTRACT Cotton is a crucial raw material for the textile industry, and the quality of its initial product greatly affects the properties of the yarn and fabric. However, the impact of low temperature and moisture regain during ginning on the mechanical properties has not been extensively studied. This paper aims to address this gap by designing and analyzing a strategy for evaluating the mechanical properties of machine-harvested cotton fibers pretreated at different moisture regain levels and temperatures. Regression models for the relationship between temperature and mechanical properties under different moisture regain conditions were also established, showing good consistency. Additionally, the study examines the mechanical damage mechanism of cotton fibers during the harvesting and ginning process by observing the fiber fracture interface of different samples. Especially, those with low moisture regain exhibit a V-type fracture, while those with high moisture regain display significant fibrils exposed on the fiber body, resulting in a tearing morphology at the fracture interface. In conclusion, this study provides theoretical support for optimizing the harvesting process in cotton processing enterprises in terms of moisture regain and low temperature and makes a significant toward sustainable cotton fiber harvesting and processing technology.

Study on the qualitative indicators of raw cotton and fiber during the ginning process

Study on the qualitative indicators of raw cotton and fiber during the ginning process

INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF SAW GINNING TECHNOLOGY

In the process of separating the fiber from the seed, the speed of the seed roll in the roll box of the saw gin varies depending on the diameter of the saw. As the blade diameter decreases, the peripheral speed does not change, but the linear speed does. This leads to a deterioration in the quality of the fiber and seed, and a decrease in the productivity of the machine. For this reason, the regulation of the linear speed of the saw is one of the important problems in the ginning process. To do this, the speed of rotation of the saw cylinder is changed following the change in the diameter of the saw. Thus, the speed of the seed roll is regulated.

Plastic Contaminant Detection in Aerial Imagery of Cotton Fields Using Deep Learning

Plastic shopping bags are often discarded as litter and can be carried away from roadsides and become tangled on cotton plants in farm fields. This rubbish plastic can end up in the cotton at the gin if not removed before harvest. These bags may not only cause problems in the ginning process but might also become embedded in cotton fibers, reducing the quality and marketable value. Therefore, detecting, locating, and removing the bags before the cotton is harvested is required. Manually detecting and locating these bags in cotton fields is a tedious, time-consuming, and costly process. To solve this, this paper shows the application of YOLOv5 to detect white and brown colored plastic bags tangled at three different heights in cotton plants (bottom, middle, top) using Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS)-acquired Red, Green, Blue (RGB) images. It was found that an average white and brown bag could be detected at 92.35% and 77.87% accuracies and a mean average precision (mAP) of 87.68%. Similarly, the trained YOLOv5 model, on average, could detect 94.25% of the top, 49.58% of the middle, and only 5% of the bottom bags. It was also found that both the color of the bags (p < 0.001) and their height on cotton plants (p < 0.0001) had a significant effect on detection accuracy. The findings reported in this paper can help in the autonomous detection of plastic contaminants in cotton fields and potentially speed up the mitigation efforts, thereby reducing the amount of contaminants in cotton gins.

CALCULATION OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS ON THE BASIS OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH OF RESIDUAL POLLUTION IN A COTTON CLEANING PLANT

This article presents calculation of cotton cleaning efficiency of the cotton ginning plant for cotton of low grades. In particular, effective solutions are offered to eliminate the forces and damages affecting cotton during the ginning process. Optimal solutions are shown based on experiments and scientific research to further improve cleaning efficiency in cotton cleaning process. In order to determine factors affecting fiber quality and damage, and improve the efficiency of cleaning processes, researches were carried out on different cotton varieties.

Determining forces arising during the passage of cotton fiber between the fixed knife and working drum of the roller gin

The object of this study is a roller gin. Roller gins are installed in the gin shops of cotton factories and their purpose is to mechanically separate cotton fiber from seeds in fine-fiber varieties of cotton. The criteria for the technological evaluation of roller gin are the sum of defects and fiber contamination after ginning, the cleansing effect of gin on weeds, damage to seeds, and fiber tow effects. Existing methods do not fully reveal all the reserves of increasing the productivity of the machine, improving the design of the main working bodies of the roller gin, ensuring the effective operation of the machine, and preserving the natural qualities of fiber and seeds. The determination of the force on the surface of the drum during the ginning process is of great practical interest for designing main working bodies of roller gins. The efficiency and quality of the processed product depend on the interaction of the working drum and knife with the breaking organ in the process of fiber separation. The design of the drum and knife, their kinematic parameters, the stability of technological wiring largely determine both the performance of the gin and the quality of the fiber and seeds. Theoretical studies have been conducted to determine the factors that affect the performance of roller gin. Based on the results obtained, it is recommended to change the most important structural parameters of the machine. The obtained analytical expressions for the specific pressure and specific friction forces applied from the side of the drum surface to the processed mass of raw materials make it possible to conclude that when the load from the breaking body increases during the lower rebound, the process of grasping, dragging, and holding the fibers between the working drum and the fixed knife worsens

Theoretical and Practical Studies of Determining the Force of the Lifting-Lowering of the Roll Box

The lifting and lowering mechanism of the roll box of the saw gin, being an integral part of the ginning process, is used when starting the electric motor of the saw cylinder until its rated speed is reached to prevent an increase in the load current on it, as well as to start the ginning process. The article defines the kinematics of the movement, and also studies the regularity of the movement of the roll box of the saw gin when lifting it with the help of a pneumatic drive. The kinematics of the roll box movement was determined through experimental studies. Knowing the equation of motion, using the second-order Lagrange equation, the regularity of the change in the lifting force of the roll box was determined. Here the system is closed, its degree of freedom is equal to one. The angle of rotation of the roll box is taken as a generalized coordinate. Numerical results were obtained using the Matlab software environment. The theoretical analysis and graphs for determining the lifting force of the roll box are presented. To study the kinematics of lifting the roll box, a method and a test bench have been developed. According to him, when the roll box was raised, its movement was recorded on video, the image was processed using the After Effect and CorelDraw programs, and the movement of the rod attachment point to the roll box was determined. And also the equation for changing the angle of rotation of the roll box is determined using the Matlab Curve Fiting program.

Impact of variability of cotton gin trash on the properties of powders prepared from distinct mechanical approaches

Cotton gin trash (CGT), a large quantity by-product of cotton ginning process can differ in its contents among different seasons, cotton harvesting methods and ginning processes, due to its complex mixture. Finding a sustainable and constant powder fabrication method across different variety of CGT is important for practical application of CGT powder. However, the impact of variability of CGT and the powder preparation methods on the properties of CGT powder have not been addressed in the literature so far. In this study, achieving micro-sized powder from CGT was targeted and difference in the particle size and properties of the prepared powders were investigated in relation to their fractional content across different batches and drying techniques. This will facilitate choosing the right method to reach desired particle size and properties of CGT for a targeted application. Three different batches of CGT were collected from New South Wales, Australia, across three different years (2017, 2018, and 2022). The micro-sized CGT powders were then fabricated through mechanical milling and using two different methods: spray drying and ring grinding. A wide range of micro-sized particles (4.9–92.6 μm) was achievable from CGT by varying the milling time and drying method. Though the cotton fibre content affected particle size of the milled slurry, its impact was found minor when the milled slurry was converted into dried CGT powder. The powder morphology and chemical structure of CGT powder from different batches were not significantly different though the crystallinity index was found higher for the samples with higher amount of cotton fibres. The thermal stability of powders was mainly affected by milling time, drying technique, and fibre content though the impact was minimal. The moisture absorption of the CGT powder was found higher for ring ground powders, which was further improved by lower cotton content. Overall, this study provides an applicable and sustainable powder production method which could be used to optimise milling times, and drying techniques across different CGT sources to obtain required particle size for utilisation of CGT, such as composite reinforcement. • Reporting a sustainable and constant cotton gin trash (CGT) powder fabrication method. • A wide range of micro-sized CGT particles (4.9–92.6 μm) was produced. • Drying method was found more impactful on CGT powder size rather than CGT variability.

Increasing the performance of the raw material wheel and fiber quality when processed by the sawing machine

The saw gin, the primary technical device used in the cotton ginning process, is responsible for separating the cotton fiber from the cotton seed. After being cleansed of khaschops and dried to the desired humidity in the drying, cleaning, and cleaning shops, seeded cotton is transferred to the main building of the business for ginning (separation of fiber). Up to now, 4DP-130, 5DP-130, and DPZ saw gins have been employed in cotton ginning operations to spin medium fiber seeded cotton. The ginning machine's operation, which separates the fiber from the seed in cotton gins, is largely responsible for the creation of high-quality fiber. Maintaining natural quality indicators during the technical process of first processing of cotton, i.e. the appearance, length, and presence of minute impurities in the fiber, is key to ensuring the competitiveness of cotton fiber produced in our nation on the global market. One of the most crucial processes is the ginning of seeded cotton with the appropriate amount of moisture and dirt, which involves removing the fiber from the seed. The length of the fiber, the impurities in the content, the absence of damage, and the hairiness of the seed all play a significant role in this process.

Theoretical substantiation of the conditions for capture of fiber by the working drum by the knife in roller gins

Roller ginning provides 2–3 times less mechanical damage to cotton fiber than saw ginning. In recent years, these positive moments have predetermined attempts to gin medium-fiber cotton on roller gins. However, the low productivity of roller gins compared to saw gins does not yet allow for a complete transition to this process. To design high-efficiency roller gins, it is necessary to deeply study the mechanics of the basic processes of interaction of raw cotton with the working organs of the gin. It is necessary to determine the reserves for improving the efficiency of the process of capturing and tightening the fiber behind the knife, to investigate the mechanics of the process of rebounding seeds, and to find new solutions to reduce their damage. As a result of the research reported here, a mathematical model of the roller ginning process has been built, which makes it possible to determine the impact of technological and structural parameters of the roller gin on the efficiency of the process. This allows for the reasonable application of a variable periodic friction field between the knife and working drum. When studying the kinematics of the interaction of the surface of the working drum with the knife, dependences were established to accelerate the points of the surface of the working drum before it enters behind the knife, making it possible to determine the forces acting on the fiber when it is captured by the micro-irregularities of the drum. In the study of the process of tightening the fiber with a pair of working drum-fixed knife, the conditions for ginning the flyer fibers and the dependence of productivity on the average pressure in the contact of the knife with the drum were determined. The study of the influence of the rigid characteristics of the working drum-knife system on the ginning capacity of a roller gin has made it possible to reveal new reserves for improving the efficiency of roller ginning

Investigation of Ethiopian Cotton Fiber Stickiness. Part 1 – Northern Part

ABSTRACT Cotton is the most important natural textile fiber in the world used to produce apparel, home furnishings and industrial products. However, in the last decades cotton stickiness has become a very serious problem caused by excess sugars on the lint, either from the plant itself or from insects and it is a challenge for cotton growers, ginners, and spinners. It affects the processing efficiency as well as the quality of the product. Ethiopian textile industries are facing this problem every season and not solved it yet. In this article, the Ethiopian northern region cotton stickiness properties have been characterized and their spinning risk probability identified. The stickiness was measured for hand and roller ginned cotton fiber using sticky cotton thermo-detector (SCT), high-speed stickiness detector (CONTEST-S), high volume instrument method (CONTEST-F) and colorimetric method according to ES ISO 12027:2013 and UNI EN 14278–3 standard methods. The statistical analysis of test results showed that the studied locations’ cotton fiber stickiness properties significantly change in SCT, CONTES-S and CONTEST-F methods at P-values of 0.0423, 0.003 and 0.008, respectively. The cotton stickiness has slightly reduced after the roller ginning process compared to hand ginning. Metema and Humera’s cotton fiber have a better stickiness property than other northern areas. Generally, nine northern parts of Ethiopian cotton fiber stickiness resulted in a ‘No Risk’ class ‘Low Risk’ spinning risk probability grade.

29 Cotton Gin Trash Processing, Quality and Safety Impacts on Feeding Recommendations for Beef Cattle

Abstract Cotton gin trash is a byproduct of the cotton industry that consists of any remaining plant material leftover after the ginning process. The objective of this study was to determine intake, animal performance, and safety of using loose or baled gin trash in beef cattle diets. Sixteen crossbred, non-lactating, gestating cows and 8 crossbred, gestating heifers were randomly assigned to one of two groups consisting of 8 cows and 4 heifers per group for a 60-day intake trial utilizing the Calan Gate ® system. After a training period, each group was assigned to receive one of two dietary treatments: 1) ad libitum baled cotton gin trash or 2) ad libitum loose cotton gin trash, each with 2.2 kg of a 50:50 mixture of corn gluten feed and soyhull pellets per day to meet nutritional requirements for their stage of production. Animal body weight (BW) and body condition scores (BCS) were recorded at days 0, 30, and 60. Jugular blood samples were collected weekly to monitor clinical animal immune responses due to feeding cotton gin trash containing cotton defoliant residue (4.84 ppm and 1.98 ppm tribufos for baled and loose, respectively). Intake was greater (P < 0.0001) for cattle consuming loose than baled gin trash. All cattle maintained or gained BW across treatments during the trial. On average throughout the study cattle consuming baled gin trash had greater BCS (P = 0.0173) than cattle fed loose gin trash, although animals maintained a BCS of 6 or greater during the study. Red blood cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and white blood cell count were within normal ranges for beef cattle during the trial. Cotton gin trash in either loose or baled form can be used to maintain non-lactating, bred cows with little additional energy supplementation, providing an outlet for cotton byproduct usage in beef operations in the Southeast United States.

Saw Thickness Impact on Cotton Gin Energy Consumption

HighlightsCotton gin saws 0.91 and 1.14 mm thick were compared.Thicker saws had approximately 10% lower processing rate at full motor load.Thicker saws used about 35% more energy to gin the same amount of lint.Abstract. Most cotton fiber (lint) is separated from the seed by gin saw teeth that pull the lint between metal bars (ribs). These ribs are spaced close enough to each other that the seeds cannot pass with the lint. Cotton gin saws are available in three thicknesses, 0.9144, 0.9398, and 1.143 mm (0.036, 0.037, and 0.045 in.). No data from controlled experiments has been published which compares the effect of saw thickness on the economically important performance measures gin processing rate and energy consumption. Two shafts were prepared by installing, at the proper spacing, 406 mm (16 in.) diameter saws of 0.9144 and 1.143 mm thickness for testing on a reduced-width (46-saw) Continental Double Eagle gin stand with constant rib spacing at the USDA-ARS Southwestern Cotton Ginning Research Laboratory in Las Cruces, New Mexico. Energy consumption was recorded for target processing rates 4.88 and 6.08 g saw-1 s-1 using pre-cleaned seed cotton grown in New Mexico, Texas, and Mississippi in a randomized complete block experiment with five replicates. On this equipment we found that the thicker saws averaged 90% (4.69 g saw-1 s-1) the processing rate of the thinner saws (5.21 g saw-1 s-1). Net ginning energy of the 1.143 mm gin saws was 26.5 W-h kg-1 compared to 19.7 W-h kg-1 for the 0.914 mm saws, or about 35% more energy. Results were consistent for cottons from all three regions. Thicker saws are less likely to break under harsh conditions at the ends of the gin stand and are still recommend for use there, but there appears to be no advantage with regard to processing rate or energy use to installing thicker saws across the full width of the gin stand if rib spacing remains unchanged. Keywords: Cotton gin, Energy use, Gin saw thickness, Processing rate.

Physical and mathematical modeling of the moving the raw cotton between directing wall and area ginning seeds

In article are brought algorithm and results brought numerically-experimental studies on qualitative and quantitative estimation of the law of the moving the raw cotton from directing walls outgoing between spiked-drum and netlike surface feeder aside worker of the camera ginning machines. It is known that the uniform supply of raw cotton to the ginning process has a direct impact on the efficiency of the ginning process. In the process of ginning, the cotton is cleaned on the surface of the pile drum and net of the supplier, and the crushed gin comes to the working chamber through the gin. As a result of the rotation of the saw cylinder in the working chamber, the cotton fiber is suspended and the rotation is started. As a result of the circular motion of the raw cotton, a raw material roller is formed. In this process, the actual problem is to ensure that the raw cotton consists of small pieces and is uniform in time and width of the equipment. The Comparison got given on calculation shows that increase the corner will bring about increase the growing forming displacement. Increase of this corner will bring the leaflet of the raw cotton about increase of length free moving.

Environmental impacts on the design and arts environment for industry 3.0 cotton roller ginning process

The past five decades have been characterised by passage of the environmental impact assessment (EIA) legislation dealing with the environment, including legislation on the control of land, air and water pollution, solid and hazardous waste management, resource conservation and recovery, and soil and ground water and surface water remediation. The aim of this research is to investigate and discuss coronavirus and byssinosis disease impact assessment. Sustainable development is the artistic idea that science and humanities must live and meet their needs without compromising the efficacy and efficiency of future generations to meet their own needs. Prediction and assessment of environmental impacts (effects) on the design and arts environment for industry 3.0 cotton roller ginning process is provided. Sustainable design and arts are discussed in this research work. EIA of conventional design and arts is also investigated. Sustainable design and arts environment for cotton ginning process is presented. The case study and check of strengthening of agricultural extension through sustainable entrepreneurship is discussed in this article.
 
 Keywords: Agriculture, arts, cotton, design, environment, entrepreneurship, ginning, sustainability.