Mixture Of Ginger Research Articles

Acute toxicity testing of a mixture of ethanol extracts of ginger rhizome (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf.), turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), and habbatussauda seeds (Nigella sativa L.) on the anatomy of mice

Abstract Immunostimulators are a collection of certain substances that are used to improve the immune system, especially when the body is sick. The use of herbs as immunostimulators is an option because it has been proven to be relatively safer if consumed correctly and appropriately. Four types of plants that are thought to have benefits as immunostimulators and have been used by some Indonesian people for generations are ginger, lemongrass, turmeric and habbatussauda. This study aims to determine the toxicity effects of a mixture of ethanol extracts based on observations of toxic symptoms, anatomical changes in mice (Mus musculus L.) and determine the level of toxicity through calculating the LD50. This research was experimental using 30 male mice divided into 6 treatments and 5 replications. Treatment consisted of control, mixed extracts of ginger, lemongrass, turmeric and black seed at doses of 1000 mg/kgBB, 2000 mg/kgBB, 3000 mg/kgBB, 4000 mg/kgBB and 5000 mg/kgBB given orally. The results showed that the ethanol extract of a mixture of ginger, lemongrass, turmeric and black seed had no significant effect on the average weight of the lungs, liver, heart and spleen. But it has a significant effect on the average weight of the kidney. The results of this study also showed changes in the mice’s body weight after 14 days of administration of the extract which tended to increase. The results of the research showed that no deaths occurred in the test animals so it was declared with a pseudo LD50 and was included in the practically non-toxic category so that the mixture of ginger, lemongrass, turmeric and black cumin was safe to use.

Liang Teh Pontianak Kaya Antioksidan Pada Berbagai Formulasi Substitusi Massa Rasio Jahe Gamprit

Liang Tea Pontianak (LTP) is a rich antioxidant herbal tea composed of a mixture of several plant ingredients, including muje leaves (Dicliptera chinensis), oregano leaves (Origanum vulgare), pineapple shell leaves (Tradescantia spathacea), pandan leaves (Pandanus amaryllifolius), and aloe vera (Aloe vera chinensis). Adding ginger to Liang Tea Pontianak has not been explored, but the ginger mixture has an innovative, antioxidant-rich flavor in LTP. This research aimed to obtain the mass ratio of ginger substitution in the formulation that produces the best sensory and physicochemical characteristics of antioxidant-rich LTP. This study employed a Randomized Group Design with a single factor, comprising five treatment levels of ginger mass ratio substitution in LTP ((2:0), (1.9:0.1), (1.8:0.2), (1.7:0.3), and (1.6:0.4)) with five replications. The results showed that the best sensory and physicochemical characteristics of Liang Tea Pontianak with ginger substitution were obtained in the treatment of 1.8:0.2, which exhibited the best sensory test values for color 4,24 ± 0,83 (more liked), aroma 3.76 ± 0,97 (liked), and taste 3.56 ± 0,92 (liked). The physicochemical analysis yielded the following values: L* color (31.90 ± 2,08), a* color (3.20 ± 0,81), b* color (5.70 ± 0,53), total flavonoids 82.71 ± 6,16 mg QE/g, and antioxidant activity 78.90 ± 4,40%.

Bioactivity of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc), Citronella (Cymbopogonnardus (L.) and Cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii B) Against Decreased Blood Sugar Levels of Alloxan-induced (Rattus Novergicus)

Purpose: To see the potency of mixed extracts of Ginger (Zingiber officinal Rosc.), Citronella (Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Randle, Cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmanii B.) Against blood sugar levels in alloxan-induced Novergicus Rattus male rats. Theoretical reference: Insulin resistance is necessary to maintain dysglycemia, where insulin levels are higher than usual. Insulin resistance often occurs in people who are overweight, commonly known as obesity. 2. Pancreatic B Cell Dysfunction, decreased pancreatic beta cell function, and continued increase in insulin resistance, causing chronic hyperglycemia and stage liver disease. 3. Environmental factors are individuals who consume excessive carbohydrates and sugars. Method: Using Complete Randomized Design (RAL) consisting of 7 groups with 4 repetitions, namely K0 (Normal group), K- (Negative group), K+ (Positive group given meformin), K1, K2, K3 and K4 (mixed extracts of ginger, lemongrass, cinnamon 100, 200, 300 and 400mg/kg bw), The data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA with a sig < 0.05. Results and conclusion: It showed that the administration of mixed extracts of Ginger (Zingiber officinal Rosc.), Citronella (Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Randle, Cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmanii B.) affected reducing blood glucose levels and improving pancreatic histology. A mixed extract dose of Ginger (Zingiber officinal Rosc.), Citronella (Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Randle, Cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmanii B.) 400 mg/kg bw was most effective in lowering blood glucose levels and improving alloxan-induced pancreatic histology. Implications of the research: When you want to control blood sugar, you can use a mixture of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc), Citronella (Cymbopogonnardus (L.), and Cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii B) extracts in balanced portions). Originality/Value: Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc), Citronella (Cymbopogon Nardus (L.), and Cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii B) have potential as herbal medicine ingredients.

Phytochemistry Analysis of Tiger Nut (Cyperus esculentus) Juice Fortified with Organic Additives

Plants’ juices are widely consumed due to their presumed high nutritional and medicinal qualities. This research evaluated the phytochemical properties of tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus) tuber juice/milk fortified with a mixture of ginger (Zingiber officinale) and Negro pepper (Xylopia aethiopica) extract. The freshly prepared tiger nut juice was fortified with 0%, 2%, 4% and 6% of the plants extracts, and accordingly coded TME 0, TME 1, TME 2 and TME 3; and their Phytochemical parameters measured through standard procedures. The findings indicated that the plants’ extract significantly increased, regardless of the phytochemical parameter investigated. The cardiac glycoside level in the juice fortified with 2%, 4% and 6% plants’ extract was 4.40%, 5.11% and 5.53% respectively; while the saponin content in the TME 0, TME 1, TME 2 and TME 3 juice samples was 6.68%, 6.82%, 7.40% and 7.70% respectively. Furthermore, it was observed that the anthocyanins and alkaloid levels in the juice increased from 3.12% - 3.93% and 5.13% - 7.34%, as the plants’ extract concentration increased from 0 to 6%. It was observed that the anti-nutrien compositions (phytate and tannin) of the tiger nut juice, increased in an uneven pattern as the fortification degree increased from 0% to 6%. This study’s findings will be useful in food industries in optimizing nutrient enhancement of foods and drinks, without accumulating excessive anti-nutrients in the fortified products.

Green Zeolite Synthesis Assisted with Plants Extract

The study explores the hydrothermal synthesis of zeolite using kaolin clay from Perak in the presence of two different reduction mediums, namely turmeric extract and ginger extract, and a 2M NaOH solution, measuring their efficiency and potential for green synthesis. Before the zeolite synthesis and transformation, the kaolin clay was heated at a temperature of 650 oC for 4 hours in the furnace to produce the metakaolin phase. The synthesized zeolite involves the reaction of NaOH with potential reduction plant extracts to assist the transformation of zeolite. The characterization of the synthesized particles after being ground into a fine powder and subsequently undergoing testing and characterization via X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed the existence of zeolite phases in both plants with slightly different zeolite compositions. Synthesis mixtures with turmeric plants show better composition of the zeolite phase as compared to ginger mixtures. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX) also revealed that the synthesized product using turmeric plant extract was able to produce zeolite LTA with a good grade. The current experimental work shows the possibility of obtaining a well crystalline zeolite from Malaysian kaolin, assisted with plant extract reduction medium.

The Antimicrobial Activity of Zingiber Officinale Extract (Ginger), Coconut Oil and a Combination of Coconut Oil and Ginger Extract from Different Locations, at Different Concentrations on Wound Infection Bacteria

The hexane extracts of ginger root (Zingiber officinale) of the Zingiberaceae family and Coconut; Cocos nucifera a member of the Arecaceae family, from two locations in Guyana were used for the investigation of their antibacterial properties. To evaluate the scientific basis for the use of the plant and plant product, the antimicrobial activities of the extracts were evaluated against three common bacteria found on wound infections; Staphylococcus aureus a gram-positive bacteria, Klebsiella pneumoniae a Gram-negative, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa a common encapsulated, facultative aerobic and Gram-negative. The disc diffusion method was used to test the antimicrobial activity of the extracts which were evaluated in 20%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% concentrations against each organism in triplicates, and the diameter of the zone of inhibition was measured. There was no significant difference among the plant extracts from the different locations. The results showed that coconut oil in 50% was most effective against Staphylococcus aureus forming zones measuring 19-20mm, the 100% ginger concentration was most effective against Staphylococcus aureus also and the zones measured 23-15mm, the mixture of ginger and coconut oil was equally effective against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with zones measured 12-15mm. The study also investigated the phytochemical constituents of the plant hexane extracts to test the presence or absence of secondary metabolites. Results of the phytochemical studies revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, glycoside, phenol, and steroids in the extracts were active against the bacteria.

Effect of honey and ginger mixture on productive cough in pediatrics patients

Background: Cough is common problem in pediatric age. Most of the parents use over the counter drugs along with cough syrups. Most of the cough syrup causes drowsiness and sedation as an adverse effect. So considering this we use ginger and honey mixture for treatment of productive cough to see its effectiveness. In Ayurveda, it is used since ancient time and in Indian it is used for home remedy for treatment of cough.Methods: We selected patient attended pediatric outpatient department (OPD) complaining of productive cough. We selected 90 patients and divided in to three groups 30 patient in each group. Group I we gave antibiotics, antihistaminic with syrup ascoril (ambroxol 30 mg/5 ml and levosalbutamol 1 mg/5 ml and guaifenesin 50 mg/5 ml). Group II antibiotics, antihistaminic with honey and ginger mixture. In group III we gave antibiotic with antihistaminic along with both honey and ginger mixture with syrup ascoril. After this complete follow up to 10 days on mobile performed. We observed for occurrence of any deterioration of condition with occurrence adverse effect and how many days were required for improvement of patient condition.Results: We got very promising results were we saw improvement in symptom in 6 day with honey and ginger group as compared to cough syrup group were p value is significant and highly significant (<0.005 and 0.001 respectively) with minimal acceptable adverse effect.Conclusions: So from our study we can conclude the honey and ginger mixture is promising treatment of productive cough with less side effects.

Performance, Serum Biochemical and Haematological Response of Broiler Chicken Fed Mixture of Ginger (Zingiber Officinale) and Garlic (Allium Sativum) in Diets

Performance, serum biochemical and hematological response of broiler chicken fed mixture of ginger (Zingiber officinale) and garlic (Allium sativum) in diets was investigated in a feeding trials using completely randomised design that lasted for eight weeks. A total of 135 1-day broiler chicks of Abor acre strain were randomly allotted to three dietary treatments of 45 chicks per treatment and replicated 15 chicks per treatment Three isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets were formulated and fed. Control diet was without mixture of ginger and garlic. The two other diets were T1, 7.5g Ginger plus 7.5g Garlic mixture/25kgdiet and T2, 15g Ginger plus 15g Garlic mixture/25kgdiet. The experimental diets were offered to the respective birds with water ad libitum. The body weight gain (Kg) feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of birds control, T1 and T2 respectively were similar (p> 0.05). Birds on diet. T2 recorded the highest live ability percentage (96 Mixture of ginger and garlic in ratio 1:1 up to 7.5g each in 25kg diets slightly but insignificantly (p>0,05) increased performance body weight gain and live ability improved feed conversion ratio (FRC) but reduced feed intake. Variation in the experimental diets had no significant (p>0.05) difference on serum biochemical and hematological indices except for Glucose and Alkaline Phosphate, and White Blood Cell count Lymphocytes and Basophil which showed significant (p<0.05) difference with the level mixture of ginger and garlic in diets. Mixture of ginger and garlic in the diets of broiler chicken had no adverse effect on the serum biochemical and hematological indices.

Effect of a Boswellia and Ginger Mixture on the Memory Dysfunction of the Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blind Controlled Trial.

To study a Boswellia and ginger mixture on the memory dysfunction of the mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) patients. Patients with mTBI were asked about memory impairment following the injury. One hundred mTBI patients were visited and assessed using an auditory-visual learning test (AVLT) questionnaire. By using random permuted blocks, patients were given the Memoral (a mixture of 360 mg of Boswellia and 36 mg of ginger) or placebo and were asked to consume it for a month. Patients were assessed one and three months afterward using the second and third steps of AVLT, respectively. One hundred patients were included in the study and divided into control and intervention groups. The mean age of the patients was 36.83±14.71, and there were no significant differences between the two groups (p=0.41). There were no statistically significant differences in the baseline scores of different AVLT parameters between the two groups. All patients had improvements in different parameters after three months. But some factors include the scores' change in total learning, retroactive interference score, forgetting rate, and net positive score were significantly higher in treatment groups at one-month and three-month follow-ups compared to the placebo group. In contrast, word span and hit parameters had the same pattern of improvement in both groups. The herbal medication can have a satisfactory effect on eliminating post-mTBI memory dysfunction while having no considerable adverse effects. The effect of these components can also be sustained after a two-month timeframe. These results may assist patients to have less mental involvement.

The effects of ginger and black seed extracts on albino rat spermatogenesis induced with hyperuricemia

Both ginger and black seed are promising nutraceutical natural plant products with reported diverse therapeutic properties. However, there is limited research on their effects on spermatogenesis in animals, especially rats. Thus, the current manuscript investigates the role of ginger and black seed on male albino rats regarding testicular function and spermatogenesis capacity. For this purpose, 24 animals were divided into 6 groups; each group was induced experimentally with hyperuricemia using intraperitoneal injections of oxonic acid for 1 week, except the first group that was used as a negative control group and received intraperitoneal injection of 0.9% saline solution without any further treatment. Then, the second group acted as hyperuricemia control rats and not received any treatment. In contrast, the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth groups were treated daily with ginger extract, black seed extract, allopurinol (control positive), and a mixture of ginger + black seed extract, respectively. Results demonstrated that ginger administered orally to rats at a dose of 25 mg/kg was superior to the administration of black seed extract and a mixture of both of them, particularly in enhancing the percentage of spermatozoa normalization, normalization of serum sexual hormones (testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicular stimulating (FSH)) level, as well as normalization of oxidative parameters (GPX, SOD, and CAT) and improving histopathological alterations. In conclusion, I realized that supplementation of ginger extract to hyperuricemia rats for two weeks was significantly (P < 0.05) normalized the majority of abnormalities in the male reproductive system induced by hyperuricemia.

Studi Etnobotani Minuman Pokak Di Desa Clarak Kabupaten Probolinggo Sebagai Potensi Wisata Kuliner

Wedang Pokak or Pokak syrup is a traditional drink. This drink is made from a mixture of ginger, cinnamon, lime leaves, lemongrass, sugar, and other spices. The people of Probolinggo usually serve this drink during Eid. Pokak syrup is believed to be useful for warming the body, eliminating body odor, and containing natural antioxidants. This ethnographic research was conducted with data collection techniques in interviews and questionnaires as secondary data. Interviews were conducted by purposive sampling, namely producers and consumers of Pokak syrup. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive techniques. The results showed that from 7 types of plants as the main ingredients of Pokak syrup, it could be obtained easily around the community yards of Clarak Village. The most widely used plant organs in making Pokak syrups are the stems and leaves. The materials used belong to different families, including spices, and are angiosperms division.

Comparative effect of mixture of ginger and honey with dextromethorphan in dry cough in children

Background: Cough is protective reflex caused by obstruction or irritation of airway. Many medication available for the treatment of dry cough. But it causes sedation and drowsiness in children. Considering the adverse effects produce by the medication, we consider this study as the ginger and honey is used in Indian family, and in Ayurveda ginger and honey is used for treatment of dry and productive cough.Methods: We include the patients who attended the pediatric OPD complaining dry cough. We design the questionnaire and for the measuring the severity of dry cough. We divide the patient into four groups received standard treatment and ginger and honey mixture. We compared the end result with standard treatment statistically by using unpaired student “t” test was used along with two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test.Results: We include 100 patient in this study. We got amazing result of this study ginger and honey required less time for recovery and also sedation and drowsiness not occurred in the ginger and honey group as compared to dextromethorphan (p value ˂0.005).Conclusions: After seeing above encouraging result, and along with advantage of natural product with no adverse we can advise the honey and ginger therapy for treatment of dry cough.

Antibacterial effect of Artemisia and ginger extracts in controlling Agrobacterium tumefaciens in roses

Rose is the world’s most traded cut flowers with 74 % being produced in Kenya. Pests like spider mites, caterpillar, aphids, thrips, nematodes and diseases such as crown gall, downy mildew, powdery mildew and botrytis highly compromise rose production. Crown gall disease caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens is the most problematic disease of roses in Kenya, causing a production loss of up to 60 % depending on the age and variety of rose. An experiment to determine the antibacterial effect of Artemisia and ginger extracts was carried out in vitro, where the inhibitory zones around filter discs soaked with extracts on Muller Hinton agar was established. The extracts were emulsified with dimethylsulfoxide (50 %) and minimum inhibitory concentrations of Artemisia (125 mg/ml), ginger (62.5 mg/ml) and mixture of Artemisia and ginger (31.25 mg/ml) were used to soak the filter discs whereas the commercial recommended rate of copper hydroxide of 6.25 mg/ml was used. Artemisia and copper hydroxide (commercial antibiotic) had highest inhibition zone of 12.80 mm compared to ginger 10.60 mm. A mixture of Artemisia and Ginger had a slightly lower inhibition zone (10.20 mm) though not significantly different from ginger (P> 0.001). An eight-month greenhouse experiment was also done to determine the efficacy of the extracts on inoculated rose plants. The results showed that crown gall incidence and gall weight were low but not significantly different from copper hydroxide and Artemisia. Crop vigor, which was indicated by stem length was highest for Artemisia treatment with an average of 73.54 cm followed by copper hydroxide (67.25 cm) while ginger and mixture of ginger and Artemisia had 53.44 cm and 64.70 cm respectively. From the results of this research, Artemisia and Ginger extracts are promising alternative to control crown gall and possibly other diseases in field crops. Artemisia performance compares well with copper hydroxide and therefore the best alternative to replace copper hydroxide.

Physicochemical Assessment of Broiler Chickens Fed Diets Supplemented with a Mixture of Ginger, Garlic and Cinnamon

Some physicochemical changes in broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with a mixture of ginger, garlic and cinnamon was evaluated. During starter phase, 150 broiler chicks were divided into groups A and B of 75 birds each, and were randomly fed diets 1 and 2 respectively for 3 weeks. The average weekly weight gain by the chickens maintained on the mixed spices supplemented diet (235.15±15.55g) was significantly lower (p<0.05)compared with the weight gain by the control (274.26±20.23g) in the Starter phase. In the Finisher phase, group A was sub-divided into groups C and D while group B was subdivided into groups E and F and fed for additional 3 weeks. The average weekly weight gain by groups C (242.31±4.97g), D (282.46±15.04g), E (260.14±81.11g) and F (236.67±24.29g) did not vary significantly. The evaluated carcass characteristics and haematological indices when compared with the control did not vary significantly. The serum cholesterol levels (mg/dl) in groups D (101.40±4.13), E (106.60±4.59) and F (100.20±9.83) were significantly lower (p<0.05) in comparison with the level in group C (127.00±8.83). Groups E (46.96±8.62mg/dl) and F (47.44±6.35mg/dl) had significantly (p<0.05) lower LDL-C compared with the control (70.56±8.75mg/dl). Therefore, mixture of ginger, garlic and cinnamon may have no effects on the overall weight gain, carcass traits and haematological profiles but could decrease the risk of atherogenesis and CVD in broiler chickens.
 Keywords: Cinnamon; ginger; garlic; spices; physicochemical

Nitroso-hemoglobin-ginger conjugates effects on bacterial growth and color stability in a minced beef model

This study aims to enhance the color and microbiological qualities of a raw beef using natural ingredients. Nitroso-hemoglobin (NO-Hb) integrated with vitamin C (VC), calcium lactate, and ginger complexation were used as natural inhibitors against the growth of aerobic and pathogenic bacteria, namely (Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and Salmonella. NO-Hb inhibited E. coli, S. aureus, and Salmonella, and enhanced the color stability more than nitrite in the minced beef model. After the multiexponential analysis of relaxation decays, the water component (T2b) was analyzed using the low-field NMR. The results indicated that, at the 7th d of cold-storage the third component (T2) was detected. Significant correlations were observed between T21 and T22 relaxation times and water-holding capacity in minced beef, implying that the LF-NMR measurements could be an efficient method for the determination and prediction of beef freshness. NO-Hb- ginger mixture, as a novel ingredient, could be used instead of nitrite in terms of meat safety.

NEW COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING PASTA

The main objective of this study is to develop a composition of pasta containing a mixture of ginger, lemon and mint powder, as well as a combination of legumes and cereals with high nutritional value. This will expand the range of pasta. The problem of achieving high quality and economic efficiency is solved by improving several technological processes and using innovative methods. The effectiveness of using innovative methods of sublimation and microwave drying is shown in comparison with the drying process of instant pasta by frying it in vegetable oil.

Evaluation of curcuma and ginger mixture ability to prevent ROS production induced by bisphenol S: an in vitro study

The use of bisphenol S (BPS) as a substitute of Bisphenol A is increasing in several products and it can be found in different environmental and biological matrices. Its toxicity has been studied at different levels and one of BPS toxic mechanisms at high concentrations seems to be the induction of oxidative stress through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study evaluates the ability of a curcuma and ginger (CG) mixture to exert an antioxidant effect on rat hepatocytes treated with BPS. The effects of the mixture were compared to those of a well-known antioxidant (Trolox). Three different BPS concentrations were used in order to verify ROS production. 70 µg/mL and 150 µg/mL of BPS generated a significant ROS increase (p < 0.01) as compared to control, while CG mixture was able to decrease this ROS production in hepatic cells, as compared to cells treated with 70 µg/ml of BPS (p < 0.01) restoring control levels. BPS 70 µg/mL was tested for total antioxidant capacity (TEAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total thiols. TEAC and SOD significant decreased (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively) as compared to controls and CG mixture was able to restore control values. Given the widespread BPS use, results obtained in this study can be of high impact for the community, demonstrating the ability of a mixture of natural products to prevent BPS-induced oxidative stress.

Study of inhibitory effects of the mixture of cinnamon and ginger extracts on cagA gene expression of Helicobacter pylori by Real-Time RT-PCR technique

BackgroundIncreasing the resistance to antibiotics raises the problem of controlling the infections caused by Helicobacter pylori. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects of the mixture of Cinnamon and Ginger extracts on cagA gene expression of H. pylori. MethodsBacterial susceptibility test to antibiotics and the mixture was determined by the disk diffusion method. To determine the MIC of antibiotics and herbal extracts, Macro dilution broth was used. Bacterial RNA was extracted, and cDNA synthesized. The inhibitory effects of the mixture of both extracts on the cagA gene expression of H. pylori were measured by Real Time RT-PCR. Data analyzed by SPSS with ANOVA test. ResultsThe MIC results indicated the synergetic effect of Cinnamon and Ginger mixture on inhibition of H. pylori growth compared to the antibacterial effects of the antibiotic (Tetracycline 30 μg). Also, gene expression showed a significant decrease in the expression level of the cagA gene after exposure to the extract mixture compared to the ureC reference gene (p < 0.05). ConclusionRegarding the significant reduction in the expression of cagA gene of H. pylori after treatment with the mixture of extracts, it can be concluded that the mixture of two extracts used had an appropriate inhibitory effect on H. pylori.

Adding Herbal Products to Direct-Acting Oral Anticoagulants Can Be Fatal

Direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are used to prevent and treat systemic and cerebral embolisms in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NV-AF). The use of DOACs with herbal products without consulting healthcare professionals increases the possibility of drug–herb interactions and their adverse effects. An 80-year-old man on dabigatran with a known history of NV-AF presented with a 1-day history of haematemesis and black stool which began 3 days after he had started taking a boiled mixture of ginger and cinnamon. The patient was hypotensive and treated as a case of gastrointestinal bleeding and haemorrhagic shock. Despite continuous aggressive resuscitation measures including administration of a reversal agent for dabigatran, we were unable to control bleeding and the patient died within 24 hours. The interaction of ginger and cinnamon with dabigatran led to fatal bleeding.LEARNING POINTSDirect-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are frequently prescribed for patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation.Combining herbal products (ginger and cinnamon) with DOACs can be fatal.Physicians should alert patients and caregivers about dangerous combinations and interactions.

Toxic effects of Lambda-cyhalothrin, on the rat thyroid: Involvement of oxidative stress and ameliorative effect of ginger extract.

Lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) is a synthetic pyrethroid that is widely used to control insecticide. Ginger is a traditional plant that is widely used as a spice or folk medicine. This study evaluates the antioxidant effect of ginger extract on thyroid toxicity induced by LCT in albino rats. Adult Rats were divided into 4 experimental groups: Group 1: control, Group 2: oral ginger treatment (24 mg/ml, 3 days/week for 4 weeks), Group 3: oral LCT treatment (1/100 LD50, 3 days/week for 4 weeks), Group 4: oral LCT and ginger mixture treatment. The histological results of LCT group showed degenerated follicles with reduced colloids, congestion of blood vessels and hyperaemia between the follicles. Histochemically, depletion of glycogen and proteins was recorded in follicular cells and colloids. The biochemical results of LCT treated group revealed a decrease in T3, T4, SOD and CAT, while TSH and MDA were increased. The comet assay showed that LCT significantly induced DNA damage in the thyroid gland. However, treating rats with LCT plus ginger led to an improvement in the histological structure of the thyroid, with noticeable increases in glycogen and protein deposition. Also, LCT plus ginger increase in T3, T4 and the antioxidant enzymes SOD and COT were detected concomitantly with a decrease in TSH and MDA as well as a significant reduction in DNA damage. LCT affected the thyroid function and structure. On the other hand, ginger has a preventative effect against the histological damage and biochemical toxicity caused by the (LCT) insecticide.