Gilgel Gibe Dam Research Articles

Analysis of Fish Market Chain: The Case of Gilgel Gibe Dam I Reservoir Southwest of Ethiopia

This study was aimed at analysis of fish market chain in Gilgel Gibe dam I reservoir Southwest of Ethiopia with specific objectives of investigating the fish market channels and performance and analyzing the determinants of fish supply to the market. A three stage sampling procedure which includes both purposive and random sampling were used to select sample respondents. Primary data were collected from 128 randomly selected individuals’ interview using structured questionnaire via enumerators and secondary data were acquired from published and unpublished sources. Descriptive statistics and econometric analysis were used to analyze the data. The result of fish marketing channels and performance analysis shows 196,885 kg of fish were produced by the respondent which is 79% passed through twelve main alternative marketing channels and 16.4% was consumed by producer. The result of GMM shows the producer get the higher margin (at channel II and XII which is 75% and 73.7%) when they sell to cooperatives and collectors and in general restaurants and hotels get the highest margin in this fish value chain (i.e. 142-146%). The result of multiple linear regression model indicated that volume of fish supply in this study area is positively and significantly affected by fishing experience, price of fish in 2017, producer membership to fishery cooperative and access to credit service. Therefore; it needs strong government intervention on supporting fishermen in providing modern input and technologies, empowering fishery cooperatives, strengthening of market extension and linking them with financial service provider and improving extension system are recommended to accelerate the fishery value chain’s development thus income of individual fishermen could be enhanced.

Intestinal polyparasitism with special emphasis to soil-transmitted helminths among residents around Gilgel Gibe Dam, Southwest Ethiopia: a community based survey.

BackgroundOne third of the world population is estimated to be infected with intestinal parasites. The most affected people are children and the poor people living in tropics and subtropics. Polyparasitism (the concurrent infection with multiple intestinal parasite species) is found to be the norm among the same population although accurate estimate of its magnitude is unknown. It was found that polyparasitism might have a greater impact on morbidity than single species infection which might also increase susceptibility to other infections. Therefore, this study aimed at determining the prevalence and distribution of intestinal polyparasitism with special emphasis on Soil-Transmitted Helminths (STH) among residents around Gilgel Gibe dam located in Jimma zone of Oromia regional state, Ethiopia.MethodsA total of 1,021 participants were recruited in this study and provided stool samples for parasitological examination. Direct wet mount and Kato-Katz techniques were employed for stool examination. Pearson chi-square test was employed to assess the association of infection status and polyparasitism with gender and age group of the study participants.ResultsFive hundred thirty two individuals were infected with at least one parasite, providing the overall prevalence of 52.1%. Among positive individuals, 405 (76.1%), 114 (21.4%), and 13 (2.5%) individuals were infected with only one, two and three species of parasites, respectively. The overall prevalence of intestinal polyparasitism observed among the study participants was 12.4% (127/1,021). The predominant STH was hookworm, with a prevalence of 44.1%. Hookworm and Ascaris lumbricoides were the most frequently recorded combination in cases of polyparasitic infection. The study revealed that there was no significant difference in the distribution of polyparasitism with regard to age group and sex of the study participants (p > 0.05).ConclusionThe study indicated the presence of high prevalence of parasites as well as distribution of polyparasitism in the area. Moreover, the detection of Schistosoma mansoni in the community living within close proximity of the newly constructed dam would be taken as an indication of future risk factor. Further investigation on the predictors of polyparasitism and the assessment of effects of polyparasitism on the population are needed. Finally, there is a need to undertake integrated control strategies which involve improved sanitation, health education and chemotherapy that targets the whole community instead of only certain segments of populations.

Prevalence Soil Transmitted Helminthiasis and malaria co-infection among pregnant women and risk factors in Gilgel Gibe dam Area, Southwest Ethiopia

BackgroundMalaria and Soil Transmitted Helminthiasis (STH) are co-endemic and major public health problems in Ethiopia. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of malaria and STHs co-infection and to determine the association risk factors.MethodsA cross-sectional community based study was conducted on 388 pregnant women living in three districts around Gilgel Gibe Dam area, southwestern Ethiopia. Socio-demographic and socio-economic data, single stool sample and blood sample were collected from each participant.ResultsThe prevalence of STH and malaria was 159 (41%) and 45 (11.6%), respectively and the prevalence of STHs/malaria co-infection was 30 (7.7%). Hookworm was the most prevalent 114 (29.4%) soil transmitted helminthiasis infection followed by Ascaris lumbricoides (A. lumbricoides) 58 (15%) and Trichuris trichiura (T. trichiura) 13 (3.4%). Habit of eating soil (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 4.64, 95% CI: 1.50-14.36, P=0.008), presence of stagnant water near study participants’ house (AOR=2.99, 95% CI: 1.28-6.99, P=0.012) and habit of using human feces as a fertilizer (AOR= 5.34, 95% CI: 1.99-14.28, P<0.001) were found to be significantly associated with malaria and STH co-infection among the pregnant women. Hookworm parasitic load was positively correlated with malaria parasitic load (r = 0.299, P<0.001) while A. lumbricoides parasitic load was negatively correlated with malaria parasitic load (r = −0.095, P<0.001).ConclusionIntestinal parasite and/or malaria co-infection is a health problem among pregnant women living around Gilgel Gibe dam area. Therefore, intervention including improving sanitation, removing stagnant water, and health education to the pregnant women should be given.

Anaemia and associated risk factors among pregnant women in Gilgel Gibe dam area, Southwest Ethiopia

BackgroundAnaemia is known to be one of the outcomes of parasitic infection and it may result in impaired cognitive development, reduced physical work capacity and in severe cases increased risk of mortality, particularly during the prenatal period. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of anaemia among pregnant women in Gilgel-Gibe dam area, southwestern Ethiopia.MethodsA cross-sectional community based study was conducted on 388 pregnant women living in three districts around Gilgel Gibe Dam area, southwestern Ethiopia. Socio-demographic and socio-economic data were collected from each participant. A single stool sample was also collected from each selected pregnant woman. Haemoglobin concentration was determined by the cyanmethemoglobin method. Plasmodium infection prevalence and intensity were assessed with thin and thick blood film examination.ResultsOf the total 388 study participants, 209 (53.9%) were anaemic. Pregnant woman who were rural residents (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.62, 95% C.I: 1.02-2.62, P= 0.042), not using insecticide treated nets (ITNs) during the study period (AOR = 2.84, 95% C.I: 1.33-6.05, p = 0.007), those who were Plasmodium malaria infected (AOR = 11.19, 95% C.I: 3.31-37.7, p= 0.01) and those with Soil Transmitted Helminth (STH) infections (AOR=1.82, 95% C.I: 1.16-2.87, p=0.001) had higher odds of being anaemic than those who were urban residents, using ITNs, free of Plasmodium malaria and Soil transmitted helminth infection, respectively. There was a significant correlation between increasing hookworm parasite load (r = −.110, P< 0.001), Ascaris lumbricoides (r = −.122, P < 0.001) and Trichuris trichiura (r = −.025, P < 0.001) and decreasing hematocrit values.ConclusionThe high prevalence of anaemia indicates it is currently a serious health problem of pregnant women living in Gilgel Gibe Dam area. Plasmodium malaria and soil transmitted helminth infections were significantly associated with anaemia. Antenatal care should promote de-worming and education on personal hygiene. Therefore, there is a need to design strategies that help to diagnose pregnant women for malaria and STH infections during their antenatal care (ANC) visit instead of testing for only haemoglobin (Hgb) levels and blood group.

Impact assessment of gilgel gibe hydroelectric dam on schitosomiasis: a cross sectional study in southwest ethiopia.

Intestinal schistosomiasis is prevalent in East Africa including Ethiopia. Constructed five years back, Gilgel Gibe dam is suspected to harbor the intermediate host for transmission of schistosomiasis. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal schistosomiasis and risk factors among school children. A comparative cross-sectional study was carried out in October 2008 in four Woredas bordering Gilgel Gibe dam, within 10 kilometers, and Bulbul, which is 30 Kms away from the dam. Children attending grades 1-8 in the schools located adjacent to the dam constituted the cases and those living in Bulbul constitute the controls. Using Epinfo version 6.0 for cross-sectional study, a sample size of 937 was determined. Sample size allocation was done 2:1 for cases and control. After interview, stool sample was collected and analyzed. Screening for the presence of intermediate host and physiochemical analyses of selected water bodies along the major water contact sites of the reservoir was also done Data were entered into computer and analyzed using SPSS for windows version 13.0.1. Out of 624 sampled cases and 312 controls, 585 and 270 participated in the study giving a response rate of 93.8% and 86.5%, respectively. Four hundred seventy four (81.0% of the cases and 203 (75.2%) controls use latrine regularly. On stool examination, 406 (47.5%) children, 295 (50.4%) cases and 111 (41.1%) controls) were positive to intestinal parasites but only two children, both from the control groups, were positive for Schistosoma mansoni. The three river water samples on which malacological survey was done had similar physicochemical characteristics in many ways except high conductivity, pH and percent of dissolved oxygen concentration (milligram per liter) at one site where uninfected Biomphilaria Pfeifferi was found The study revealed that schistosomiasis is not yet a problem at Gilgel-Gibe dam. But, continuous surveying is required as the intermediate host is prevalent, the water bodies are suitable for the intermediate host and cases of schistosomiasis are identified 30 kms away the dam, in control area.

Schistosoma mansoni infection among patients visiting a health centre near Gilgel Gibe Dam, Jimma, South Western Ethiopia

Schistosomiasis is a global parasitic disease and ranks second to malaria in terms of socio-economic and public health importance in tropical and subtropical areas. It is a disease which remains a major health problem due to the lack of vaccines, the failure to eradicate the mollusc vector and the recent development of parasite resistance to antischistosome drugs. A cross- sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni infection among patients visiting Assendabo health center, nearby Gilgel Gibe hydroelectric dam, South-Western Ethiopia. From the total of 198 patients with stool sample 21(10.61%) were positive for Schistosoma mansoni infection. Of the infected subjects, 11.6% had contact with water for one or more reasons. The severity of infection and subsequent impact on the socio-cultural condition needs appropriate control measures especially where the water body which can act as habitat for the intermediate host is available.

Impact of wastewater discharge in Jimma, Ethiopia, and remediation possibilities

Discharge of liquid and solid waste from Jimma town has resulted in a gradual degradation of the quality of the river water feeding the Gilgel Gibe dam, which was constructed for the development of the hydroelectric potential of the Gilgel Gibe River. In general, wastewater is not treated, which makes the use of river water problematic. In addition, the region around the dam mainly consists of farmlands; runoff from the fields results in pollution by pesticides, including DDT. The current situation of waste(water) production in and around Jimma (including the campus of Jimma University) will be discussed, along with the expected impact on the water quality in the Gilgel Gibe reservoir. Possibilities for remediation will be discussed.

Assessment of siltation and nutrient enrichment of Gilgel Gibe dam, Southwest Ethiopia

Gilgel Gibe hydroelectric power dam was located in the submerging part of the Addis Ababa, Jimma highway in Ethiopia which is about 55 km far from Jimma was constructed in 2004. A cross-sectional study was conducted during 2005 to assess the siltation and nutrient enrichment level of the dam. It was found from the study that siltation and nutrient enrichment were the major problems in this reservoir. The sheet erosion of catchment area was found to be 4.47 × 10 7 ton/year and hence 2210 ton/km 2. The contribution of the sediment load deposition of the Gilgel Gibe River to the dam was 277,437 ton/year and the total sediment load was 4.50 × 10 7 ton/year and this amount could cover 3.75 × 10 7 m 3/year of the dam. From the analysis of water samples of Gilgel Gibe dam, the concentrations of ammonia, chlorophyll a, total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), pH and temperature were found within the permissible limits as prescribed by WHO standards, but other parameters like phosphate, nitrate, sulphate, total solids (TS), total suspended solids (TSS) and visibility were much higher than the permissible limits. Due to the high concentration of suspended and sediment load, the secchi disc visibility of Gilgel Gibe dam was 0.72 m which indicated that it was well within the range of eutrophic lakes.