Gift-giving Research Articles

The Books You Inhabit: María Teresa León’s Copy of Marinero en tierra

This article examines the visual and material aspects present in a book that, due to a series of interventions, becomes a unique work. In the 1930s Rafael Alberti (1902‑1999) illustrated a copy of the first edition of Marinero en tierra (1925) as a gift for María Teresa León (1903‑1988). She made her own marks in the book during her lifetime, converting it into her own space. This intimate space is transformed into a cultural crucible where creative complicities and historical realities, such as the Spanish Civil War, exile, and refuge, are summarized. The volume, by the will of the gift giver and the gift receiver, is no longer another printed copy of an important book, but is instead a living work with new and different connotations. Through this article, one reflects upon the book as an object and the value of drawings in books.

Giver‐receiver discrepancy in decisions between probabilistic and regular gifts

AbstractPrevious research has identified discrepancies between gift givers and receivers in their attitudes towards certain types of gifts, such as self‐improvement gifts. However, it remains unexplored whether there are divergent preferences between givers and receivers regarding probabilistic gifts (i.e., gifts involving probabilistic goods), despite the growing popularity of such goods. To address this gap, we conducted five studies. Study 1 revealed that when presented with a choice between probabilistic gifts and regular gifts, givers were less likely than receivers to select probabilistic gifts. This discrepancy was replicated in two contexts: vertical outcomes of probabilistic gifts (e.g., travel packages with varying prices) in Study 2, and horizontal outcomes of probabilistic gifts (e.g., T‐shirts with different patterns) in Study 3. Study 4 identified that this asymmetrical preference occurred due to different regulatory focus and perceptions of norm violations among individuals when engaging in gift giving. Givers exhibited a higher inclination towards prevention‐focused strategies, whereas receivers displayed a stronger preference for promotion‐focused strategies. Moreover, givers tend to significantly overestimate the extent to which receivers perceive probabilistic gifts as violating gifting norms. These disparities resulted in an asymmetrical preference for probabilistic gifts between givers and receivers. In Study 5, we found that consideration of creativity in gifting moderated the giver‐receiver asymmetrical preference for probabilistic gifts. Specifically, givers with heightened consideration of creativity were more likely to choose probabilistic gifts. These findings imply that gift givers could give greater consideration to probabilistic gifts, and marketers can capitalize on this by promoting probabilistic goods as viable gift options.

Eksplorasi Interaksi Simbolik Pengemis Online di Ekosistem TikTok

Live-streaming activities on TikTok have developed into the most popular form of content creation today because it is equipped with virtual prizes so that various types of live streaming content have emerged, one of which leads to "online begging" activities. This research used qualitative research methods through symbolic interaction studies by analyzing the relationship between actors (streamers) and audiences. The results of this study show that virtual gifts on TikTok which were originally used as a means of expression & appreciation are then used as a tool to ask for sympathy and empathy. This research also shows that the motivation of gift givers also varies from sympathy to mere entertainment. There are legal and economic aspects and determining factors that support that the phenomenon of begging in live streaming can lead to economic progress, but it does not rule out the possibility of violating the law and being prosecuted according to applicable laws and regulations. This research can be a consideration in forming regulations and intervention strategies for the government and related agencies regarding this phenomenon.

Exploring gift gaps: A meta‐analysis of giver–recipient asymmetries

AbstractGift giving has long intrigued and perplexed consumers and scholars alike. Of particular interest is when and why givers bestow gifts that miss the mark with recipients. The current meta‐analysis quantitatively investigates giver–recipient mismatches by empirically examining 153 unique effects from 114 studies across 29 papers. Results suggest that characteristics of the gifts, characteristics of the occasion, and characteristics of the giver/receiver in the gift exchange presented in the original studies affect the degree to which giver–recipient asymmetries are more/less pronounced. This research confirms a persistent disconnect between evaluations gift givers and recipients make about the exchanges in which they participate. This “Gift Gap” is exacerbated when the gift exchanged is sentimental in value, consumed privately, and when the exchange occurs between friends. These results provide some support for various theoretical perspectives hypothesized to explain these asymmetric evaluations. Finally, this research reveals the dearth of research focused on familial gift exchange, cultural differences in gift exchange, and gift exchange for unpleasant occasions or occasions unrelated to birthdays and holidays.

Gift Giving in Enduring Dyadic Relationships: The Micropolitics of Mother–Daughter Gift Exchange

Abstract This article investigates the dynamics of long-term gift exchange between British mothers and their adult daughters, delving into the processes behind dyadic gift giving. Through 54 comprehensive interviews, we elaborate the micropolitics that characterize these dynamics. Micropolitics refers to the subtle, everyday interactions, including gift exchange, that shape the ongoing negotiation of roles and the management of conflict or consensus within relationships. The study uncovers how these micropolitics manifest through four distinct processes of gift exchange: confirming, endorsing, connoting, and commanding. Gifts emerge as key instruments in this negotiation, serving as a medium for the reciprocal regulation of role behavior concerning gender, identity, and both endo-dyadic (within the dyad) and exo-dyadic (outside the dyad) roles. In contrast to previous research that adopts a synchronic (snapshot) approach to gift giving, our diachronic (over time) perspective emphasizes how power dynamics, intent, and identity politics evolve to sustain and transform relationships. Our findings illustrate the important communicative and power-laden processes of gift exchange in enduring relations, explaining why even unwanted gifts can have significant bonding value. Our study offers fresh perspectives on the continuous evolution of relationship and role dynamics, as viewed through the practices of gift exchange.

A mix-methods concept testing study of short videos for the national anti-cigarette gift giving campaign in China

ObjectiveThe study aimed to evaluate the potential effect of creative concepts and scripts of different short videos for the “National Anti-Cigarette Gift Giving Campaign” during the Chinese Lunar New Year. MethodsThe concept testing study used a mix-method design combining quantitative survey and qualitative group discussion. Online focus group discussions (FGD) were conducted among general population in Beijing, the capital city, and Xining City, Qinghai Province in China in December 2021. A total of 192 participants were recruited and divided into 16 FGD groups by age, sex, smoking history, and socio-economic level. ResultsA total of five short videos were tested. Both quantitative and qualitative findings showed that the concepts and scripts of all the alternative short videos were easy to understand, but differences were observed in their potential to change participants’ behavioral intentions of cigarette gift-giving and culture appropriateness. “Gamified couple at home” was considered as the most suitable short video for wide dissemination during the Chinese Lunar New Year because of its innovative style and potential effectiveness in changing behavioral intentions. Although the short video themed “Gifting harm” showed a pronounced impact on personal motivation to not give cigarettes as gifts, it was not recommended due to the cultural inappropriateness. ConclusionFuture development of public service advertisements such as short videos targeting tobacco control is suggested to use evidence-based research to identify the most effective and appropriate concepts. Due consideration should be extended to the cultural appropriateness of communication content and its alignment with the relevant occasion.

The Effect of Tiktok Live Streaming on Consumer Purchase Intention and Gift Giving Intention on Slinkywhite Collagen Drink Products

E-commerce live streaming is a form of business model that sells goods or services directly to consumers through live broadcasts on e-commerce platforms or social media. This study aims to examine the effect of e-commerce live streaming in the Tiktok application on purchase intention and consumer gift giving on Slinkywhite collagen drink products. This study uses a quantitative method by distributing questionnaires with a sample size of 91 people. The analysis method used is Partial Least Square (PLS). Based on the research results, telepresence, guidance shopping, and metavoicing variables have a positive effect on purchase intention and gift giving intention mediated by swift guanxi, while flow variables have no effect on purchase intention and gift giving intention.

King as Ring Giver: Gift Giving and its Influence on the Christianization of Germanic and Nordic Peoples

King as Ring Giver: Gift Giving and its Influence on the Christianization of Germanic and Nordic Peoples

Michael Laver, The Dutch East India Company in Early Modern Japan: Gift Giving and Diplomacy

Michael Laver, The Dutch East India Company in Early Modern Japan: Gift Giving and Diplomacy

Sequential versus Simultaneous: The Variety-Seeking in Gift Giving

Gift giving is an exchange that occurs since the beginning of civilization. It has a social, economic, and communication role (Belk, 1976). It is a complex act that involves many agents and factors, like gift giver and gift receiver preferences, the relationship between them, and the context where the gift is exchanged. The critical point in gift giving is to elevate receiver preferences without losing identity and keep a focus on the relationship (Liu, Dallas, & Fitzsimons, 2019). Nowadays, gift giving represents an essential part of Brazilian economics and culture (CNDL, 2019; 2020). This paper has an objective to understand how the offer framing effect, which suggests that the way a product is offered to a decision-maker and the number of choices this person performs, may impact the decision made (Mittelman, Andrade, Chattopadhyap, & Brendl, 2014), and how the social closeness between givers and receivers affects variety-seeking in gift giving situations. Through an experimental study, this paper found that social closeness influences variety-seeking, when givers and receivers are closer (distant) the choices are less (more) varied. It is also found that the relation between social closeness and variety-seeking depends on the way the choice is done (sequential or simultaneous) since this relation only happened when the choice was not sequential. Furthermore, preference uncertainty is a possible explanation for the main relation.

The Deterioration Effects of Consumer Indebtedness on Consumer and Brand Relationships: When Gift Giving is not Appreciated

Most literature on gift giving has focused on positive feelings between giver and receiver in contexts of family members or close friends. This concept is applied to gift giving strategies that used to establish positive consumer and brand relationships. However, these strategies may not result in pleasurable outcomes in all cases because they entail consumer psychological damage such as dissatisfaction and indebtedness. With a different perspective, this study investigates how negative gift giving experiences impact consumer and brand relationships. Online questionnaires were used to collect data in Thailand. Structural equation modelling results showed that negative gift giving experiences cause consumer dissatisfaction and consumer indebtedness. These feelings lead to brand hate and brand avoidance. The results also revealed the mediating role of consumer indebtedness. The results contribute theoretical insight into brand relationships and lead to recommendations on marketing practice.

Gifts to whom? Towards a network view of gift receivers

PurposeThis research paper aims to understand how givers characterise and manage their gift giving networks by drawing on attachment theory (AT). This responds to the need to illuminate the givers–receivers’ networks beyond traditional role-based taxonomies and explore their changing dynamics.Design/methodology/approachA multi-method, qualitative approach was used involving 158 gift experiences captured in online diaries and 27 follow-up interviews.FindingsResults show that givers organise receivers into gifting networks that are grounded in a contextual understanding of their relationships. The identification of direct, surrogate and mediated bonds reflects three different dimensions that inform gift-giving networks of support, care or belongingness rooted in AT. The relative position of gift receivers in this network influences the nature of support, the type of social influences and relationship stability in the network.Research limitations/implicationsThis study illustrates the complexity of relationships based on the data collected over two specific periods of time; thus, there might be further types of receivers within a giver’s network that the data did not capture. This limitation was minimised by asking about other possible receivers in interviews.Practical implicationsThe findings set a foundation for gift retailers to assist gift givers in finding gifts that match their perceived relations to the receivers by adapting communication messages and offering advice aligned with specific relationship contexts.Originality/valueThis study illuminates gift-giving networks by proposing a taxonomy of gifting networks underpinned by AT that can be applied to study different relationship contexts from the perspective of the giver. This conceptualisation captures different levels of emotional support, social influences and relationship stability, which have an impact on the receivers’ roles within the giver’s network. Importantly, results reveal that the gift receiver is not always the target of gift-giving. The target can be someone whom the giver wants to please or an acquaintance they share with the receiver with whom they wish to reinforce bonds.

Gift Giving, Reciprocity and Community Survival among Central Alaskan Indigenous Peoples

Inspired by a traditional ritual, the potlatch, Indigenous Dene communities in central-northern Alaska have developed new forms of reciprocity as a response to exogenous political threats to their autonomy. The potlatch involved the ritualized gifting of food and other items to selected guests as a means of creating political equilibrium by inculcating a sense of obligatory reciprocity. Today, people are reluctant to leave their communities and have begun shipping bush food from one community to the next instead of receiving gifts of food as invited guests. This new development is in response to a perceived threat to community survival. Since the 1990s, the Alaskan state government has been threatening to close schools with fewer than 20 students. This would affect most Native communities in the region, which generally have under 200 residents and correspondingly small schools. Closures would force people to move to larger villages with functioning schools or abandon their communities and move to a larger city (Fairbanks, in this case). While the government proposal to close smaller schools has yet to be implemented, it remains a constant threat (it was last revived in 2018). The new form of food redistribution allows people to stay and reaffirm their ties to their communities while reinforcing social ties to people of other communities.

Choosing disability: bug chasing and gift giving in gay pornography

ABSTRACT Starting with the premise that pornography is dominated by abled (or non-disabled) porn performers, this speculative article considers the extent to which logics and figurations of disability pervade the genre of gay porn, particularly the film Viral Loads. Produced by Treasure Island Media, Viral Loads eroticizes the deliberate transmission of HIV (popularly known as bug chasing and gift giving), and, as such, powerfully conveys the permeability of abledness/disabledness. If HIV can be coded as a disability, and if bug chasing and gift giving constitute agentic sexual practices, then we speculate about the ways in which disability can be a source of sexual agency in these types of films. Central to this discussion is fantasy, as many of the performers involved are already HIV-positive or unlikely to receive the gift in the context of pre-exposure prophylaxis and treatment as prevention. The political ambition for our article is imagining spaces in which the choosing and un-choosing of disability can be de-pathologized and bringing HIV discourses and practices to bear upon Disability Studies, particularly given the disavowals that historically and contemporarily occur across and between HIV and disability discourses.

Exerting Effort to Choose Increases Generosity in Cash Gift Giving

Exerting Effort to Choose Increases Generosity in Cash Gift Giving

Spending the most on those who need it the least: gift givers buy more expensive gifts for affluent recipients

PurposeThis study aims to add to the gift giving literature by examining how the wealth of a recipient impacts giver spending. The authors tested the hypotheses that givers spend more on wealthy (vs unwealthy) recipients, partially because givers anticipate a greater difference in gift-liking across expensive and cheap gifts when the recipient is wealthy, and partially because givers are more motivated to signal that they are of high financial status when the recipient is wealthy. The authors also tested whether givers’ tendency to spend more on wealthy (vs unwealthy) recipients attenuates when the recipient is someone with whom the giver has a negative (vs positive) relationship.Design/methodology/approachEight experimental studies tested the hypotheses. These studies had participants act as givers, consider giving a gift to either a wealthy or unwealthy recipient and indicate how much money they would spend on the gift. Some studies included additional measures to test potential mediators, while another included an additional manipulation to test a potential boundary condition.FindingsGift givers spend more on gifts for wealthy (vs unwealthy) recipients, for two main reasons. On the one hand, givers are influenced by an other-oriented motive – they wish for their gift to be well-liked by the recipient and anticipate a greater difference in recipient gift-liking across expensive and cheap gifts when the recipient is wealthy. On the other hand, givers are influenced by a self-oriented motive – they wish to signal to the recipient that they are of high financial status, but this desire is stronger when the recipient is wealthy. Critically, givers are relatively unlikely to spend more on wealthy (vs unwealthy) recipients when they have a negative (vs positive) relationship with the recipient.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors studied how the wealth of the gift recipient influences givers’ gift expenditure, but they did not examine the recipient’s perspective. Future research could address this by exploring whether recipients’ gift preferences vary based on their wealth.Practical implicationsGift purchases account for a significant portion of worldwide consumer spending, making gift giving an important topic for consumers and marketers alike. The present research sheds light on a factor that has a notable impact on how much consumers spend on a gift when faced with a gift giving decision.Originality/valueThis manuscript contributes to the gift giving literature by exploring an important aspect that influences consumer gift expenditure (the wealth of the recipient), demonstrating a novel gift giving phenomenon [that givers spend more when giving to relatively wealthy (vs unwealthy) recipients], and shedding new light on the psychology of consumers in gift giving contexts (namely, how givers’ perceptions of recipient gift-liking, their desire to send signals of high financial status and their relationship with the recipient can influence their gifting decisions).

Impact of gift promotion appeals with two types of givers on givers’ purchase intention

<p>This study is the first work to combine gift promotion appeals with the giver-recipient relationship from the perspective of gift marketer and gift-giver. This study extends the academic literature of the focus theory of normative conduct in gift-giving marketing. Empirical results showed that popularity appeal produced higher purchase intention than scarcity appeal; Limited-Quantity Scarcity (LQS) appeal produced higher purchase intention than Limited-Time Scarcity (LTS) appeal; and Peer Popularity (PP) appeal produced higher purchase intention than Social Popularity (SP) appeal (i.e., PP>SP>LQS>LTS). The gift promotion appeal and giver-recipient relationship information affect the gift giver’s preference, and then gift marketer needs to design an appropriate sale promotion appeal in order to carry out differentiated gift marketing.</p> <p> </p>

CORRUPTION OFFENCES EDUCATION LITERACY IN PREVENTING THE LOSS OF NATIONAL TREASURES: A REVIEW OF CHALLENGES AND CONCERNS

This paper’s primary objective is to deconstruct the concerns and challenges that are related with the culture of corruption or viewed as the underlying cause of corruption problems in our country. In light of this circumstance, corruption offences education literacy plays a crucial role in educating the community against corruption. The topics discussed in this article include (i) Integrity, (ii) Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission (MACC), (iii) Community Role, and (iv) Youth Awareness Efforts. The results of the study present eight (8) mandatory measures to combat corruption, namely 1. Understanding the Characteristics of Corrupt Acts and Gift Giving, 2. Eliminating the Corruption Culture and Abuse of Power as a Standard of Living in the Community, 3. Shaping Public Perception against Corruption in Politics, 4. Educating the Public about the Consequences of Corruption on the National Administrative System, 5. Developing Institutions and Strategies to Combat Corruption, 6. Stressing the Importance of Fighting Corruption Through Experiential Learning, 7. Diverse Methods of Combating Corruption in the Past and Present, and 8. Corruption Law Enforcement and Punishment. The goal of the future study should be to demonstrate that corruption will not be eradicated in the near future whereby education must emphasise learning via the experience of the younger generation in order to instil the nature of integrity, strong spirit, and ethical values, as well as high discipline, so that individuals can build a strong sense of self and fight all sorts of corruption, thus should be prominent in society so as to abolish the culture of corruption in Malaysia.

Review: The Rich and the Pure: Philanthropy and the Making of Christian Society in Early Byzantium, by Daniel Caner

Review: <i>The Rich and the Pure: Philanthropy and the Making of Christian Society in Early Byzantium</i>, by Daniel Caner

Humanizing the Physician-Patient Relationship

Humanizing the Physician-Patient Relationship