Giant Prawn Research Articles

NEW RECORD SPECIES OF GIANT FRESH WATER SHRIMP FROM THE DOWNSTREAM OF SERAYU RIVER

Indonesia is characterized by great diversity of freshwater shrimp, consisting of several islands due to the geographical location on the equator. A recent investigation conducted in Central Java has identified Serayu River as the major habitat of freshwater shrimp genus Macrobrachium. Therefore, this research aimed to determine the type of giant freshwater shrimp found downstream of Serayu River using explanatory method. The experiment was conducted for one year (January - December 2023) and the results found two freshwater giant prawn species, namely Macrobrachium rosenbergii and Macrobrachium spinipes. Moreover, this research is the first record of M. spinipes based on the Cytochrome C oxidase Subunit I (CO1) gene. The mtDNA segment of M. rosenbergii was 631 bp (base pairs) (GenBank accession: LC813231.1), while M. spinipes was 616 bp (GenBank accession: PP735157.1). M. spinipes and M. rosenbergii downstream of Serayu River showed similar locations and characteristics. Genetic distance conducted on 15 species of the genus Macrobrachium showed that giant freshwater prawn serayu had a matrix value of 0.09 - 0.18. Genetic analysis conducted with GenBank indicated that M. spinipes showed significant differences from other species, suggesting the natural dispersal of juvenile through currents across Wallace Line. This research also found that M. rosenbergii was similar to M. dacqueti and related to M. malcolmsonii, while M. spinipes was close to M. suphanense. To support these results, recommendation was made to explore further the rivers in the western part of Java, Indonesia.

Teknik Pendederan Udang Galah (Macrobrachium Rosenbergii) di Instalasi Budidaya Air Payau (IBAP) Probolinggo, Jawa Timur

Giant Freshwater Prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) or also known as Giant Freshwater Prawn is a type of crustacean that has the largest size compared to other freshwater prawns. Giant prawns are a freshwater fisheries commodity that has great potential to be developed because it has a high selling value. This Field Work Practice (PKL) activity was carried out at the Brackish Water Cultivation Installation (IBAP) in Probolinggo City, East Java. The results of Field Work Practices (PKL) regarding giant prawn nursery techniques start from preparing nursery ponds, preparing water for rearing media, stocking juveniles, managing water tanks for rearing media, water quality management, feed management, controlling pests and diseases, as well as harvesting and packaging. Water quality measurements include DO with values obtained at 5.1-5.6 mg/L, pH 7.1-8.7, temperature reaching 24-28°C, and salinity ranging from 0-5 ppt. The feed given is Artemia salina, corn bran mixed with flakes in a ratio of 3:1, and commercial feed is in the form of pellets with a frequency of administration twice a day, namely in the morning and evening.

Analysis of Availability and Size Distribution of Giant Shrimp (Macrobranchium sp) in River Togafo, Ternate City, North Mollucas Province

Giant prawns (Macrobrachium sp) are one of the freshwater aquaculture commodities that have high economic value (Murtidjo, 1992). The demand for giant prawns in Indonesia has only been met by 40% of all existing demand (Tambunan, 2009. The aim of the research was to analyze the abundance of giant prawns and the size distribution of giant prawns in Togafo Village, West Ternate District, Ternate City. The purposive sampling method was used in this research. Then the sampling points that had been determined using purposive sampling were marked with coordinates with the help of the Global Positioning System (GPS). For the research location, it was divided into 3 observation stations. First, the shrimp body length and weight were measured using calipers and analytical scales. Abundance relative = individual/trip and Distribution of length measurements and distribution of shrimp weight measurements can be grouped using the equation (Effendie, 1979) as follows: K = 1 + 3.3 log n. Note: K = Number of Interval Classes, n = Number of Observation Data, log = Logarithm. Based on the results, the highest abundance of giant prawns (Macrobrachium sp) is at station 3 with a value of 0.575 ind., station 1 is 0.336, the lowest is at station 2 with a value of 0.088 ind. Size Distribution The smallest ranges between 40.17-52.19 mm and the largest ranges between 105.25 – 117.27 mm.

Global Status of Giant Prawn, <i>Macrobrachium rosenbergii</i> Farming with Special Reference to India and Measures for Enhancing Production

Macrobrachium rosenbergii widely known as Giant Prawn (GP) is one of the most important freshwater prawn species widely cultured in several tropical and sub-tropical countries around the world. The global production of GP in 2021 was 3,13,756 t with a value of over $ 2.45 billion. China is the top producer with a production of 1,71,263 t accounting for 54.4% of the global production. Bangladesh, Thailand, Myanmar, and India are the other major producers of GP. India used to be the second largest producer of GP in 2005, however, since then the production showed a declining trend till 2012 with production declining from 42,800 t in 2005 to 3,333 t in 2012. The major reasons for the declining production were slow growth rate, outbreak of diseases and low survival during grow-out, which led to poor production and declining profit for the farmers. However, since 2013 there has been a gradual increase in production till 2020, and in 2021 the production showed a 2.5-fold increase from 2020 production. Considering the huge natural resources available for GP farming in the country and the high value it fetches, demand in domestic and export markets, and its potential to enhance the income of farmers, there is an urgent need to further expand GP farming in India. The present paper provides a brief status update on global GP farming with special reference to India and suggests measures for enhancing the aquaculture production of GP in India.

Development of An Agribusiness Textbook on Raising Giant Prawns (Macrobrachium Rosenbergii) in Environmentally Friendly Biofloc-Aquaponics Ponds''

The agribusiness textbook on “rearing giant prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) in environmentally friendly biofloc-aquaponics Ponds” was prepared as a result of research and has been published to help increase students’ understanding of agribusiness courses in the Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Education and Information Technology (FPMIPATI), PGRI University Semarang. The research method used is R and D. The design of the textbook that was developed aims to attract students’ attention in learning, making it easier for lecturers to master the teaching and learning process. Therefore, valid teaching materials are needed. The results of the research show that validation by validators resulted in the validation of teaching material media of 97.5% and validation of teaching material of 96.67% so it was declared in the very good category and suitable for use in learning. This textbook can make it easier for students to understand Agribusiness material, especially about raising giant prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) in environmentally friendly biofloc-aquaponics ponds. Furthermore, the publication of this book is also hoped to motivate lecturers to continue writing according to their respective expertise to add to the scientific knowledge at PGRI University Semarang.
 Keywords: textbook, agribusiness, biofloc-aquaponics

Regulation of early spermatogenesis in the giant prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii by a GCL homolog†.

The germ cell-less gene is crucial for gonad development in various organisms. Early interventions in its expression suggested a regulatory role at the mitotic stages of spermatogenesis, and its early knockout resulted in complete sterility in Drosophila. Genomic and transcriptomic data available for the catadromous giant prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii enabled the identification of a germ cell-less homolog for this species, which we termed MroGCL (mRNA accession number OQ533056). An open reading frame containing 494 amino acids and a typical evolutionarily conserved BTB/POZ domain suggests possible protein-protein interaction functions in keeping with the Drosophila germ cell-less protein. Genomic mapping of MroGCL showed a full length of 120896 bases. Analysis of the temporal expression of MroGCL showed constant expression in early prawn embryonic and larval stages, but a significant increase 10days after metamorphosis when crucial sexual differentiation processes occur in prawns. In adult animals, high expression was detected in the gonads compared to the somatic tissues. RNAi-based knock-down experiments showed that both the silenced and control groups reached advanced spermatogenic stages, but that there was a significant decrease in the yield of spermatozoa in about half of the silenced animals. This finding supports our hypothesis that MroGCL is crucial for mitosis during early stage spermatogenesis. In conclusion, this study contributes to the understanding of crustacean gonad development and provides a stepping stone in the development of environmentally valuable sterile crustacean populations.

The Effectiveness of selective breeding on the productivity of giant freshwater prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) population

Selection programs for giant freshwater prawns stocks from various locations have been implemented by several government institutions. Some of the results of selective breeding of giant freshwater prawns have been released by the Indonesian Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries. Several giant prawn strains have been released, including GIMacro, GIMacro II, and Siratu. The development of giant prawn strains after release has not been significantly observed among shrimp farmers. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate its productivity in order to observe its impact on the development of giant prawn aquaculture. The study was conducted using a meta-analysis method with data sources derived from searching the database on Google.com. The result s of this study indicate that selective breeding of giant prawn can successfully increase the productivity of their farming (P< 0.001). It has also been demonstrated that the effectiveness of family selection significantly accelerates the growth rate of giant prawns. It is anticipated that the findings of this study will help formulate policy solutions for reversing the current drop in giant prawn production.

Classification of coastal shrimp species using deep learning InceptionResNetV2 with data augmentation

Coastal areas that are rich in shrimp natural resources usually have a strong fishing industry. Shrimp consumption can contribute to the local economy. Several types of shrimp have higher utilization potential in the fishing industry and human consumption. Classification helps sort out shrimp species in coastal waters. Deep learning technology helps identify and separate shrimp species through deep learning with the Convolutional neural network. The seven classes observed were Vaname Shrimp, Tiger Shrimp, Jerbung Shrimp, Giant Prawns, Red Shrimp, Ronggeng Shrimp, and Prawns. The data used is 50 per class, so 350 images are used. Due to dataset limitations, the proposed contribution is an initial Resnet architecture with augmentation. Resnet helps perform in-depth training to save training computation time, and improvements add variety to limited amounts of data. The result is that the average accuracy of the model is 99.4%, with an average training computation time of 7 and a half minutes. The MSE misclassification value was 0.0143, RMSE was 0.1195, and MAE was 0.0086. Testing tests and testing data on the model only takes 1-2 seconds. Prediction accuracy ranges from 90.01%-99.8%.

Little Amazon's ecotourism potential: Sustainable tourism development through digital marketing

Little Amazon is a tourist destination located in Jeriji Village, Toboali District, South Bangka Regency which displays natural beauty with lush forests and clean river flows with various potentials such as a source of raw material for bebilah mats, a place for baong fish and giant prawns. The recovery of the tourism sector after the Covid-19 pandemic is a complex challenge. An effective strategy is needed to overcome short-term and long-term impacts with technology as a medium for promotion, marketing and investor search. The aim of this community service is to integrate ecotourism potential in the Little Amazon using innovative technology as well as designing and implementing effective promotional and marketing strategies to increase the attractiveness of the Little Amazon as a tourist destination. This program uses methods in the form of workshops, counseling and outreach about digital marketing using digital media such as Instagram Reels, YouTube, Tiktok and Kompasiana. The result of this program is that the community is able to carry out marketing, promotion and search for investors by utilizing technology in order to improve and develop tourism with the concept of ecotourism in the industrial era 4.0.

The Gonadal Maturity and Gene Expressions of Female Giant Freshwater Prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) after Dietary Administration of Medroxyprogesterone Acetate

Abstract One of the problems in giant prawn cultivation is female giant prawns laying eggs during rearing. They will incubate their eggs for three weeks so that the energy from the expected feed for growth is used for egg development and other reproductive activities. Giving MPA hormone to giant prawns either by injection or oral could inhibit gonadal maturation and increase growth rate. The maturation process of the prawn ovary consists of the activation of some complex cellular mechanisms involving genes that regulate the stages of oocyte development. This study aimed to evaluate the response of gonadal maturity and the expression of the MrvWD-Kazal gene in giant prawns fed with a diet containing MPA hormone. The design used in this study was a completely randomized design with four treatments and five replications. The treatments were feeding a diet added with MPA with a concentration of 0 mg.kg-1 feed as control (K), 50 mg.kg-1 feed (P1), 100 mg.kg-1 feed (P2), and 150 mg.kg-1 feed (P3). MPA hormone at a concentration of 50-150 mg/kg feed could inhibit the gonadal maturation of female prawns. In 100 mg/kg of feed concentration showed the lowest gene expression level, indicating an inhibition of gonadal maturation molecularly. The administration of MPA hormone through the feed is a recommended method of aquaculture because it is more applicable and effective than by injection, even though it has a non-uniform impact on each individual. Highlight Research Administration of MPA hormone through the feed to female giant freshwater prawns can inhibit the level of gonad maturity. Expression of von Willebrand factor D (vWD) – Kazal gene were analyzed in different levels of prawn maturity Gonadosomatic index and gonadal histology confirmed that different levels of administration of MPA hormone through the feed could affect the gonad development. The administration of MPA hormone through the feed is a recommended method for aquaculture because it is more applicable and effective to inhibit early maturation of prawns.

Biochemical analysis of candidate probiotic bacteria was isolated from the digestive tract of the Banana shrimp (Penaeus merguiensis)

In nature, there are many types of bacteria that can act as probiotics. These bacteria can come from soil, water, plants or even the digestive tract of animals. This study aims to analyze the biochemical characteristics of probiotic candidate bacteria originating from the digestive tract of giant prawns. The method used is a descriptive explorative method to perform biochemical analysis of the types of probiotic bacteria derived from jerbung shrimp. The biochemical analysis included the Catalase test, Oxidase test, Urea test, Citrate test, TSIA, Methyl red, Voges-Proskaeurs, and sugar fermentation test (D-Glucose, Sucrose, Inositol, Manisitol. Laboratory analysis results showed that the isolated bacteria had morphological characteristics rod-shaped, gram-positive, does not produce catalase and oxidase enzymes, but can produce citric enzymes. These bacteria are acidic, capable of fermenting glucose, sucrose, inositol, and mannitol. The conclusion of this study, probiotic candidate bacteria from the test results showed compatibility with Lactobacillus sp bacteria.Keywords: isolation; probiotics; shrimp

Evaluasi Keberhasilan dalam Menjaga Konservasi Penebaran Beberapa Jenis Ikan di Waduk Penjalin, Jawa Tengah

Fish stocking is one efforts to optimize fish production. 137,000 fish including tilapia, silver barb, common carp and giant prawns were stocked in the Penjalin Reservoir. This study aims to evaluate the distribution of several types of fish in the Penjalin Reservoir including the ability to utilize feed and space resources, fish growth and the chances of being caught by fishermen. The method used is stratified random sampling. The research was conducted from December 2021 to February 2022 at 4 observation stations. Sampling of fish using gill nets with a mesh of 0.75; 1; 1.5; 2; 2.5 and 3 inches. In addition, data collection is assisted by enumerators. The results showed that the growth pattern of tilapia anf giant prawn is allometric negative, allometric positive for silver barb and common carp are isometric. Growth performance of stocked fish slow. Condition faktors for tilapia ranged from 0.78-1.45, silver barb 0.94-1.18, common carp 0.81-1.23 and giant prawns 0.75-1.14. Food habits analysis showed that the main food of tilapia is phytoplankton (99.9%), Silver barb is phytoplankton (90%), common carp is plants (85.71%) and giant prawns is mollusks (86.21%). Silver barb has a highest chance of getting caught by fishermen than the other fish.

Use of Shelter Variations for Growing Giant Prawns (Macrobrachium Rosenbergii De Man) in Swamp Ponds

One of the leading commodities in the fishery sector which is prospective is giant prawns, so its development is needed. This study aims to find appropriate and applicable shelters for giant prawn cultivation in swamp ponds. The study was conducted in Anjir Muara Village, South Kalimantan with a design to test three swamp models: Pond A: bamboo strip shelter; Pond B: shading area + staking shelter and Pond C: living plant shelter (water hyacinth). The results showed that the lowest relative growth was in treatment A which was 214.4% and feed conversion was 2.78; followed by treatment B 275.9% and 2.66 and the highest growth and feed efficiency was treatment C, namely 274.9% and 2.51. The ANOVA results also showed that there were differences between treatments, where treatment C was very significantly different compared to other treatments. Thus treatment C, namely water plant shelter in the form of water hyacinth, is best applied in giant prawn ponds

Genetic variation of giant freshwater prawns Macrobrachium rosenbergii wild population of South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Abstract. Wahidah, Omar SBA, Trijuno DD, Nugroho E, Amrullah, Khatimah K. 2023. Genetic variation of giant freshwater prawns Macrobrachium rosenbergii wild population of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 3081-3090. Quality giant freshwater prawn broodstock can be provided using broodstock sources from wild populations with good morphological and genetic performance. This study aimed to analyze the genotypes of the wild population of giant freshwater prawns in South Sulawesi, hence it can be used as basic information for quality broodstock. Evaluation of giant prawn haplotypes, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, from 3 rivers in South Sulawesi: 26 samples from the Waelawi River (11 males, 15 females); 25 samples from the Kalibone River (10 males, 15 females); and 26 samples from the Kariango River (12 males, 14 females), so there are 6 population groups. Analysis used mt-DNA and obtained an amplification of 700 bp. The amplified restriction uses four enzymes (Hae III, Mbo I, Rsa I, and Taq I). The identified male and female Kariango populations each had 3 haplotypes: female Kalibone had 2 haplotypes; male and female Waelawi had 1 haplotype; and male Kalibone had 1 haplotype. Female Kariango had the highest haplotype diversity (0.3651), followed by male Kariango (0.1449) and female Kalibone (0.1011). Kariango females have the farthest genetic distance from Kalibone males, Waelawi males, and Waelawi females. The male Waelawi, female Waelawi, and male Kalibone are in one cluster and form a new cluster with the male Kariango, then with the female Kalibone, and the last cluster is formed with the female Kariango. The Kariango female population can be used as potential broodstock, which can be mated with Kalibone males, Waelawi males, or other populations.

Radionuclide contents in sediment and seafood from Makoko Lagoon, Lagos State, Nigeria

Sediment and seafood samples were collected from Makoko Lagoon, Lagos state, Nigeria. Gamma-ray spectrometry was used to determine the activity concentrations of 40K, 226Ra and 232Th in the samples. The average activity concentrations of 40K, 226Ra and 232Th in the sediment were 41.04 ± 6.41, 10.15 ± 3.19 and 4.39 ± 2.10 Bq kg−1, respectively, while the annual effective dose was 0.01 mSv/year. In seafood, the average activity concentrations of 40K, 226Ra and 232Th were 15.66 ± 8.07, 1.72 ± 1.51 and 1.93 ± 0.30 Bq kg−1, respectively. The cumulative effective ingestion dose obtained ranged from 0.016 μSv/year (giant prawn) to 1.08 μSv/year (Parrotgrunt). The mean activity concentrations and absorbed dose rate in sediment were below the worldwide average values. The cumulative dose from the ingestion of seafood was also significantly low. Sediment and seafood from the lagoon in Makoko pose no health risk from a radiological point of view to the population.

Genome-wide identification, phylogeny, expression and eyestalk neuroendocrine regulation of vitellogenin gene family in the freshwater giant prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii

Vitellogenin (Vg) is the precursor of vitellin, which is an important female-specific protein stored in oocytes as the major nutrient and energy sources for embryogenesis in oviparous animals. In this study, we performed comprehensive genome-wide analysis of Vg gene family in the prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii, and eight Vg genes designated as MrVg1a, MrVg1b and MrVg2-7 were identified. MrVg1a clusters with the previously described MrVg1b near the end of chromosome 46 and MrVg2 is on the chromosome 42 while MrVg3-7 cluster on the chromosome 23. All the putative MrVg proteins are characterized by the presence of three conserved functional domains: LPD-N, DUF1943 and vWD. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that MrVg1a shares 93% identity with MrVg1b and groups together into a branch while MrVg2-7 group into another branch, suggesting that MrVg1a, 1b and MrVg2-7 might diversify from a common ancestral gene. All the corresponding MrVg transcripts especially for MrVg1 exhibit high expression in the female hepatopancreas at late vitellogensis stage but extremely low in the ovaries except MrVg5, indicating that hepatopancreas is the major site of MrVgs synthesis. In the male, interestingly, MrVg5 and MrVg6 are also highly expressed in the testis, suggesting their potential involvement in testicular development. Bilateral ablation of eyestalk significantly upregulate all the MrVgs mRNA in the female hepatopancreas and the MrVg1 in ovary, but have no effect on the expression of MrVg2-7 in the ovary, demonstrating that eyestalk hormones could promote the ovarian development mostly by inducing the synthesis of MrVgs in the hepatopancreas but rarely in the ovary. Our results provide new insights into the prawn MrVgs family and improve our understanding of the potential role for each member of the family in the gonadal development of M. rosenbergii.

Histopathological Investigation of the Giant Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii in the Extensive Culture Ponds of Nellore Region, Andhra Pradesh, India

The present study was carried out in Muthukur area of Nellore region of Andhra Pradesh located at 14.29 19 latitude and 80.10383 longitude), India since this area is actively engaged with aquaculture activities of fish and prawn farming. A recent data indicated that 280 to 984 kg per hectare per crop achieved in Macrobrachium rosenbergii under extensive system in a culture period of 180 to 210 with stocking density of 3 to 5 juveniles per square meter. Since the scampi Macrobrachium rosenbergii was the candidate as well as prominent species in that region, histopathological study was carried out to the see quality of the prawn for the present study. During the investigation of shrimp disease in the culture pond, the prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii were found to die due to swollen head disease having enlargement of cephalothoracic region containing gill, heart and hepatopancreas, etc. Another kind of symptom of black spots were noticed on the dorsal portion of anterior exoskeleton in the cephalothorax region. Enlargement of pigmentary with black spots formed in the periphery of dorsal side of exoskeleton might be due to the presence of suspected white spot syndrome virus. This kind of disease was found to attack commonly in Macrobrachium rosenbergii in most of the culture ponds. Apart from the study of shrimp disease in culture ponds, attempts were also made to identify the disease in the post larvae of Macrobrachium rosenbergii in the hatchery in and around Nellore region. Mass mortality was found to occur in the post larval stages due to a kind of white muscle disease. It has led to great loss of economy not only to the entrepreneurs involved in the hatchery at Nellore region but also to the country as well. WSSV was characterised by prominent eosinophilic to pale basophilic intra nuclear inclusion bodies in hypertrophied nuclei of most commonly in the epithelial cells and connective tissue cells of the above target tissues. Result of the study showed that multiple infection is quite common in the prawn to be cultured once the water quality has become deteriorated and It is suggested that although it is a extensive culture system, water management and supplement of feeds are prerequisite to maintain the pond.

Fermentation of Formulated Feed using Bacillus subtilis TS2b for Giant Freshwater Prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) Feed

Giant prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii is a freshwater fishery product that requires further development. However, the high cost of commercial feed is one of the challenges in growing giant prawns. One approach to addressing this issue is to use local feedstuff as an alternative feed ingredient. The main obstacle to using local feedstuff is the limitation (anti-nutrition, crude fiber, etc.) that fermentation technology can overcome. The goal of this study was to create an efficient feed for giant prawns by fermenting formulated feed (which contains local feedstuff) using B. subtilis TS2b. Three treatments with three repetitions were used in this study with the following treatments: Treatment A consisted of commercial feed (as a positive control), Treatment B consisted of formulated feed (negative control), and Treatment C is a formulated feed that was fermented using Bacillus subtilis TS2b. The giant freshwater prawns used were 0.47±0.02g in weight and were randomly stocked into 9 aquarium units (60 × 50 × 45 cm) with a stocking density of 20 individuals/aquarium. Giant freshwater prawns were fed three times a day for 51 days of the rearing period. Absolute and relative weight growth, specific growth rate, survival rate, feed conversion, protein, and fat retention were all measured. The results showed that absolute growth for all treatments were : 1,41±0,22g (A), 1,37±1,37g (B), 1,51±0,04g (C), feed conversion were 1,82% (A), 1,83%(B), 1,66%(C) and survival rate were: 72±2,5%(A), 88±4,7%(B) and 87±2,4%(C).

Growth Rate and Mortality of Giant Freshwater Prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) In Kuala Cenaku Village, Riau Province

The growth rate and mortality rate of giant prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) in the Kuala Cenaku River, Indragiri Hulu Regency, Riau Province were carried out based on carapace length frequency data collected from May to July 2020. This study aims at the growth rate and mortality of giant prawns in the Kuala Cenaku River. For estimating dynamic population, data were analysed by using FiSAT II. The growth parameter of tiger shrimp was 0,78/year with carapace asymptotic length (L) of 84,8 mm, total mortality rate (Z), natural mortality rate (M), fishing mortality rate (F) were 2,35/year and 1,16/year, 1,19/year, respectively, while and exploitation rate (E) estimated 0,50. The exploitation rate of Tiger Freshwater Prawn in Kuala Cenaku River was fully exploited and tend to overexploited so that it needed to manage wisely and carefully

Comparative transcriptome analysis of brain and gonad reveals reproduction-related miRNAs in the giant prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii.

Macrobrachium rosenbergii (M. rosenbergii), as a species of common prawn, is a delicacy that is consumed all over the world. By interacting with the target gene 3′-untranslated region (3'-UTR), microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate its expression and ultimately participate in the regulation of reproductive development. However, research focusing on miRNA regulation during gonadal development in M. rosenbergii received very little attention. To explore the association between miRNA and reproduction, we performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) on brain and gonad organs in male and female M. rosenbergii. A total of 494 miRNAs were obtained in RNA-seq, including 31 and 59 differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs in the brain and gonads, respectively. Furthermore, 9 DE miRNAs were randomly selected from the brain and gonads, and qRT-PCR was conducted to validate the results of RNA-seq. Interestingly, dpu-miR-133 was found to be substantially expressed in the male brain and testis but poorly expressed in the female brain, ovary, and other organs. Analysis of dpu-miR-133 by Targetscan and MiRanda predicted to target 5-HT1. Furthermore, the dual-luciferase reporter assay manifested that dpu-miR-133 can combine with 5-HT1. Overall, our research work provides basic data for further study on the miRNA-mediated regulation of brain, gonad, and reproductive development of study M. rosenbergii.