Knowledge Of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Research Articles

Knowledge of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Among Diabetic Pregnant Females

Knowledge of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Among Diabetic Pregnant Females

Validation of the Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Knowledge Questionnaire (GDMKQ) among Filipino Patients in a Tertiary Medical Center.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy complication with adverse fetal and maternal outcomes. Currently, there are only a few validated tools available that address knowledge in GDM. Recognition of the inconsistencies will provide an effective learning program to achieve optimal results. This study aimed at validating the "Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Knowledge Questionnaire" (GDMKQ). A cross-sectional validation study on GDMKQ among 51 GDM patients aged at least 18 years was conducted in the outpatient clinics of a tertiary hospital. Excluded were those with pre-existing diabetes. The questionnaire was submitted for peer review for translation to Filipino and back-translation. Concurrent validity, internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the questionnaire were undertaken as part of the validation process. Descriptive analysis was used for data elaboration by using SPSS v23. The Filipino version of GDMKQ demonstrated sensible content and face validity. As measured, respondents obtained higher total and domain scores with better knowledge levels of GDM compared to its English version. Overall adequate knowledge was observed among those married and college subgroups as compared to single women and those with secondary levels of education. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated at 0.632 using the Kuder-Richardson 20. The test-retest scores using the Filipino-translated questionnaire have a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.853 with moderate to good level of agreement with each other, and Cohen's kappa of 0.564 with an intra-class correlation coefficient of 0.828. The Filipino-translated version of GDMKQ is a valid screening tool that assesses a patient's knowledge on gestational diabetes. Identifying the level of their understanding will enable clinicians to develop an individualized, effective learning program to improve pregnancy outcomes.

Assessment of Women's Awareness of the Effects of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on the Mother and Fetus in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a form of glucose intolerance that arises during pregnancy, affecting a significant portion of women. It has immediate and long-term effects on both the mother and fetus, including complications like preeclampsia, premature delivery, and an increased risk of cesarean sections. A cross-sectional study among Saudi Arabia's general population, which included 979 women aged between 18 and 60, found varying levels of awareness of GDM, emphasizing the need for more research on awareness levels regarding GDM in Saudi Arabia and more educational campaigns to improve awareness. Objectives The study evaluates the knowledge of pregnant women about GDM and its implications for the mother and fetus. It investigates the relationship between knowledge levels and demographic factors like age, education, and socioeconomic status, aiming to identify knowledge gaps regarding this health issue and develop targeted educational initiatives. Methodology This was a cross-sectional study that included 979 women and was conducted using a Google Forms (Google Inc., Mountainview, CA) questionnaire. The questionnaire covered demographics and explored the knowledge level of women about the impact of GDM on the mother and fetus. Statistical analysis was implemented by IBM SPSS software version 27.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY), with a 5% significance level. Ethical approval was sought, emphasizing anonymous data collection. We did not collect any identifying or private information from participants, and all responses were kept confidential. Results A study of 979 women revealed that their knowledge of GDM was significantly influenced by their age, gestational age, and the number of prior deliveries (p-value < 0.05). The total mean knowledge score for women's correct responses stood at 7.62 (±4.49). The study found that a majority of women, exceeding 60%, accurately answered certain questions about GDM, such as its association with heightened risks, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions, cesarean section likelihood, high birth weight, and preeclampsia. However, less than 30% could answer yes to questions that indicated that GDM could increase the risk of shoulder dystocia, hypoglycemia at birth, premature rupture of membranes, postpartum hemorrhage, and vacuum delivery. Conclusion There is a need for targeted educational initiatives, particularly focusing on knowledge gaps that women are lacking regarding GDM. Age and prior deliveries were identified as significant determinants of knowledge levels.

Demand and Requirements for a Digital Healthcare System to Manage Gestational Diabetes in Patients and Healthcare Professionals: A Cross-sectional Survey.

This study aimed to assess the current status of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) diagnosis and management, and the demand for a digital healthcare system, in order to develop an optimal digital-based management model for GDM. An anonymous online survey was conducted targeting pregnant/postpartum women (Group W), internal medicine physicians (Group P), and obstetricians (group O) from September 6, 2022 to December 31, 2022. The survey assessed the women's knowledge of GDM and gathered information about healthcare professionals' (HCPs) current GDM management practices. All groups were asked about their acceptance of and demands for a digital healthcare system for GDM. Statistical comparisons between groups were conducted using the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test where appropriate. A total of 168 participants were in Group W, 185 in Group P, and 256 in Group O. Participants from all groups recognized the need for a digital healthcare system for GDM (Group W: 95.8%, Group P: 85.9%, Group O: 60%). However, HCPs showed less willingness to integrate these systems into their clinics than pregnant/postpartum women. Essential features identified were recording blood glucose levels and insulin, along with automatic data linkage from self-monitoring devices. Group W showed a higher preference for lab test access, search functionality, and fetal weight assessment than groups P and O (all P < .0001), while Groups P and O had a greater preference for recording insulin and maternal body weight compared to Group W (P = .0141 and .0023, respectively). Both pregnant/postpartum women and HCPs acknowledged the benefits of utilizing a digital healthcare system for managing GDM. However, there were differences in perspectives among these groups.

Knowledge of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Among Adult Females in Al Qassim Province, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a carbohydrate intolerance of variable severity with onset or first recognition during pregnancy; it does not include diabetics who become pregnant or women who become lactosuric. Knowledge of this problem among the public will promote its prevention, screening, and treatment strategies. This study aims to assess the knowledge of GDM regarding its risk factors, screening, treatment, and complications among women in the Al Qassim Province, Saudi Arabia. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted among 617 females aged 18 years and older through convenience sampling between October 2022 and January 2023. An online questionnaire was distributed using Google Forms (Google LLC, Mountain View, CA, USA) and WhatsApp (Meta, Menlo Park, CA, USA). Data was entered, cleaned, and analyzed using SPSS Statistics version 27 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Informed consent was obtained from every participant, and the participants' information was kept confidential. Results In this study, 52.4% of the women (323/617) had moderate knowledge, and 27.6% (170/617) had excellent knowledge about GDM. Only 13.3% (n = 82) knew the optimum time (24 to 28 weeks of gestational age) for gestational diabetes screening in the absence of risk factors. Moreover, 44.6% (n = 275) knew that insulin is one of the treatments for gestational diabetes, while 45.4% (n = 280) knew that gestational diabetes increases a baby's risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) later in life. A statistically significant association was found between the development of GDM with multigravida (19.5%), a BMI of >25 (15%), and age 31 to 45 years (17.8%), with corresponding p-values of 0.001, 0.0001, and 0.0001, respectively. Conclusion In this study, almost four-fifths of the study population had moderate to excellent knowledge regarding GDM. However, there is a need to enhance knowledge about optimum screening time and insulin use for gestational diabetes treatment. Therefore, encouraging the existing population to learn more about diabetes education programs and health promotional measures should be undertaken periodically. Further studies are required to support this study's findings.

Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Among Pregnant Women in Tabuk City, Saudi Arabia: An Exploratory Study.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) refers to any stage of glucose intolerance that begins or is first noticed during pregnancy. GDM has long been an issue in Saudi Arabia. When a pregnant woman who does not already have diabetes is unable to produce enough insulin, GDM develops. GDM patients not only run the danger of developing a number of health issues for themselves but also for the health of their developing fetus. The first step in GDM screening during pregnancy is raising awareness of the condition. This was a cross-sectional study conducted to assess knowledge and attitudes with regard to GDM among pregnant women in Tabuk City, Saudi Arabia. The sample size was 539 females from obstetrics and gynaecology clinics in civil and military hospitals. Data collection was done using a valid questionnaire. A total of 539 women were included in the study, spanning various age groups from under 20 to above 40 years, with pregnancy occurrences ranging from one to four times. Most participants exhibited strong understanding, with 410 (76.1%) demonstrating awareness of GDM, and 382 (70.9%) having a clear grasp of its definition. Additionally, a majority displayed positive attitudes toward managing GDM. The Saudi women who participated in this study showed good knowledge of GDM and its risk factors, as well as a good attitude regarding the management of GDM and lifestyle modification to reduce its complications. The participants gave adequately logical answers about the sources of information about GDM and about the barriers to effective GDM management. A highly significant association was noticed between knowledge and attitude regarding GDM among the participants (p = <0.001).

Comprehension and Understanding of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Among Pregnant Women Attending Primary Health Care Facilities in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Background and objective Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a form of diabetes that develops during pregnancy and can negatively affect both the mother and the fetus. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and awareness of GDM among pregnant women in primary care centers. By enhancing their understanding of the risks and symptoms of GDM, we can potentially mitigate adverse outcomes. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in the National Guard's primary healthcare facilities in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The study employed a validated 12-item questionnaire to collect data from 489 participants. The questionnaire items covered the identification of risk factors, diagnostic approach, treatment options, and complications related to GDM, considering maternal and fetal health implications. Results The study participants had a mean age of 30.9 years. Among these participants, 53.6% demonstrated a thorough understanding of GDM, 35.2% had moderate knowledge scores, and 11.2% had low knowledge scores. Higher levels of awareness were strongly associated with higher levels of education, gravidity, and prior knowledge of GDM. Conclusion The study highlights the importance of early detection and management strategies for GDM during pregnancy to minimize its negative impacts. Thefindings suggest the need for individually tailored antenatal education programs by healthcare professionals that address the needs of different populations. This is particularly relevant for women with lower education levels and those who are pregnant for the first time or have no prior knowledge of GDM.

The effects of a couple-based gestational diabetes mellitus intervention on self-management and pregnancy outcomes: A randomised controlled trial

AimsTo estimate the effectiveness of the Couples Coping with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) Programme on GDM self-management and pregnancy outcomes. MethodsA randomised controlled trial among pregnant women with suboptimal GDM self-management and their partners was undertaken. Couples recruited from three hospitals in China were randomly allocated to either intervention (n = 70) or control (n = 70) conditions. Couples in the intervention group underwent the couple-based intervention (GDM education, shared illness appraisals, initiation of collaborative action and consolidation of collaborative action). Women in the control group received individual GDM education. Data were analysed using the independent samples t-test, chi-square test, and generalised estimating equations. ResultsGDM knowledge for the women and their partners and GDM self-management significantly improved in both the intervention and control groups, with stronger improvement in the intervention group. Women in the intervention group gained significantly less weight than those in the control group (11.2 kg ± 2.8 kg vs 13.1 kg ± 2.6 kg, p = 0.008). Infant birth weights were significantly lower in the intervention group (3.2 kg ± 0.3 kg vs 3.4 kg ± 0.4 kg, p = 0.008). There were no significant differences in other pregnancy outcomes. ConclusionsThe Couples Coping with GDM Programme was associated with improvements in GDM knowledge of women and their partners and in women’s self-management, and with lower gestational weight gain and infant birth weight.

Knowledge on gestational diabetes mellitus and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care clinics of North Shewa zone public hospitals, Oromia region, Central Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundGlobally, the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is currently rising. Assessing GDM knowledge and taking various public health actions will help pregnant women know more about the condition, resulting...

Self-care educational guide for mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review on identifying self-care domains, approaches, and their effectiveness.

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a common form of poor carbohydrate intolerance, prevalent among pregnant women and associated with unhealthy lifestyle behaviors. Given the dearth of information on self-empowerment among mothers with GDM, a self-care health education package needs to be developed to prevent related complications. This review aimed to identify self-care approaches, domains, and their effectiveness for a proper self-care educational guide package for women with GDM. A systematic review using electronic literature databases published between January 2016 and December 2022 was conducted. Web of Science, Scopus, and Ovid databases were used. This review utilized the PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcomes) framework to screen the retrieved articles for eligibility in which mothers with GDM, educational materials, standard practice or intervention, and effectiveness were considered the PICO, respectively. The CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product) model served as a framework for adopting the education development model. Mixed methods appraisal tool was used for quality assessment. Data extraction and synthesis without meta-analysis were presented as evidence tables. A total of 19 articles on GDM were included in the final analysis (16 Intervention studies, two qualitative studies, and one mixed-methods study). Four broad domains emerged from the analysis: 1) information or knowledge of GDM, 2) monitoring of blood glucose levels, 3) practice of healthy lifestyles, and 4) other non-specific activities. The majority of the articles employed a face-to-face approach in executing the educational group sessions, and most studies disclosed their positive effects on GDM management. Other methods of evaluating intervention effectiveness were described as improved self-care behavior, increased satisfaction score, enhanced self-efficacy, good glucose control, and better pregnancy outcome. Knowledge or information about GDM, healthy diet, and exercise or physical activity was found to be the most applied domains of intervention. Framework domains based on the present review can be used in the future development of any interventional program for GDM women in enhancing health information reaching the targeted group in promoting self-efficacy. CRD42021229610.

Lipolysis and gestational diabetes mellitus onset: a case-cohort genome-wide association study in Chinese

BackgroundGenetic knowledge of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Chinese women is quite limited. This study aimed to identify the risk factors and mechanism of GDM at the genetic level in a Chinese population.MethodsWe conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) based on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array genotyping (ASA-CHIA Bead chip, Illumina) and a case-cohort study design. Variants including SNPs, copy number variants (CNVs), and insertions-deletions (InDels) were called from genotyping data. A total of 2232 pregnant women were enrolled in their first/second trimester between February 2018 and December 2020 from Anqing Municipal Hospital in Anhui Province, China. The GWAS included 193 GDM patients and 819 subjects without a diabetes diagnosis, and risk ratios (RRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by a regression-based method conditional on the population structure. The calling and quality control of genotyping data were performed following published guidelines. CNVs were merged into CNV regions (CNVR) to simplify analyses. To interpret the GWAS results, gene mapping and overexpression analyses (ORAs) were further performed to prioritize the candidate genes and related biological mechanisms.ResultsWe identified 14 CNVRs (false discovery rate corrected P values < 0.05) and two suggestively significant SNPs (P value < 0.00001) associated with GDM, and a total of 19 candidate genes were mapped. Ten genes were significantly enriched in gene sets related to lipase (triglyceride lipase and lipoprotein lipase) activity (LIPF, LIPK, LIPN, and LIPJ genes), oxidoreductase activity (TPH1 and TPH2 genes), and cellular components beta-catenin destruction complex (APC and GSK3B genes), Wnt signalosome (APC and GSK3B genes), and lateral element in the Gene Ontology resource (BRCA1 and SYCP2 genes) by two ORA methods (adjusted P values < 0.05).ConclusionsGenes related to lipolysis, redox reaction, and proliferation of islet β-cells are associated with GDM in Chinese women. Energy metabolism, particularly lipolysis, may play an important role in GDM aetiology and pathology, which needs further molecular studies to verify.

Effectiveness of multidisciplinary intervention for gestational diabetes mellitus.

To explore the effectiveness of multidisciplinary intervention for patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). A total of 126 patients diagnosed with GDM from January 2020 to December 2021 in our hospital were enrolled in this retrospective study. Patients were divided into the control group (conventional treatment) and the study group (adding multidisciplinary intervention). Glucose index, self-management ability, psychological status, and delivery outcomes were evaluated. Fasting plasma glucose (4.32 ± 0.81 mmol/L), glycosylated hemoglobin (5.47 ± 1.09%), and postprandial blood glucose (6.02 ± 1.47 mmol/L) after intervention in study group were significantly lower than those in control group (p < 0.05), as well as those before intervention (p < 0.05). The score of GDM knowledge (38.03 ± 2.76), self-management (38.93 ± 2.32), social support (17.84 ± 1.23), and belief (17.93 ± 1.09) were all significantly higher than those of control group (p < 0.05), as well as those before intervention (p < 0.05). Besides, anxiety (7.83 ± 1.59) and depression (10.29 ± 1.82) evaluation scores showed that emotional relief were significantly achieved after intervention in study group compared with control group (p < 0.05). Moreover, the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage, cesarean delivery, premature delivery, macrosomia, and neonatal hypoglycemia was also significantly improved after intervention in study group compared with control group (p < 0.05). Multidisciplinary intervention can effectively control blood glucose levels, adjust self-management behavior, relieve psychological disorder, reduce complications, and improve delivery outcomes of GDM patients.

Web-Based Interventions for Pregnant Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Effective management of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is essential because it is one of the most prevalent diseases during pregnancy, and the consequent condition maternal hyperglycemia is closely related to considerable short- and long-term maternal and neonatal complications. Web-based interventions (WBIs), defined as therapeutic interventions offered via the web, have been implemented to assist in managing GDM owing to their advantages of high accessibility and efficiency, but findings across relevant studies are inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of WBIs on glycemic control among pregnant women with GDM; examine whether specific types of intervention interactivity, format, and technology have beneficial effects on maternal glycemic control; and comprehensively assess the efficacy of WBIs in maternal behavioral outcomes, cognitive and attitudinal outcomes, mental health, maternal and neonatal clinical outcomes, and medical service use and costs among pregnant women with GDM. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CINAHL, and PsycINFO were searched from their respective inception to November 19, 2022, to identify relevant randomized controlled trials and controlled clinical trials. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project tool. Where possible, the data for all outcomes were meta-analyzed using the Stata software (version 12.0; StataCorp). Overall, 3 subgroup analyses and post hoc sensitivity analyses of maternal glycemic control parameters were performed. Overall, 25 publications arising from 21 randomized controlled trials and controlled clinical trials were included. The overall meta-analyses on glycemic control parameters demonstrated that WBIs could significantly improve fasting blood glucose (standardized mean difference=-1.764, 95% CI -2.972 to -0.557; P=.004) and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (standardized mean difference=-1.433, 95% CI -2.561 to -0.304; P=.01) compared with the control group, whereas no significant effect was found on glycated hemoglobin and 1-hour postprandial blood glucose. The results of the subgroup analyses indicated that mobile app-delivered interventions with a personalized format and interactive function showed more beneficial effects on maternal glycemic control. Moreover, WBIs could significantly enhance compliance with the self-monitoring of blood glucose; increase the rate of normal vaginal delivery; and decrease the chance of emergency cesarean, admission to the neonatal intensive care unit, and composite neonatal complications. GDM knowledge, risk perception of the disease, self-efficacy, satisfaction with care, and medical service use of the participants in the WBI group were also improved compared with the control group. However, the effectiveness of WBIs on other secondary outcomes was either nonsignificant or uncertain. WBIs are a promising approach to GDM management. Personalized, interactive, and mobile app-delivered interventions seem more worthy of being recommended for future clinical practice. Further high-quality studies are required to verify these findings before making broad recommendations. PROSPERO CRD42022296625; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=296625.

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Its Knowledge and Associated Factors among United Arab Emirates University Students.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) burden is burgeoning globally. Correct knowledge about GDM among young people is paramount for timely prevention. This study assesses GDM knowledge and identifies factors associated with it among United Arab Emirates (UAE) University students. A validated self-administered questionnaire collected data from the university students. We analyzed the data for GDM knowledge status (ever heard of GDM) and GDM knowledge levels (poor, fair, and good) and conducted ordinal logistic regressions to assess for associated factors. A total of 735 students were surveyed with a mean age of 21.0 years. Of these, 72.8% had heard of GDM, and 52.9% of males versus 20.3% of female students had never heard of the condition before. Higher age (p = 0.019) and being a postgraduate student (p = 0.026) were associated with higher GDM knowledge status in males. GDM knowledge level analysis showed that 24.0%, 58.5%, and 17.5% had poor, fair, and good knowledge. The mean GDM-knowledge score was 6.3 ± 2.4 (out of 12). Being married [aOR-1.82 (95%CI 1.10–3.03)] and knowing someone who had GDM [aOR-1.78 (95%CI 1.23–2.60)] were independently associated with higher GDM knowledge levels among students. Students’ primary source of GDM knowledge was family/friends. There is an observed knowledge gap related to GDM among the students, especially males. This study urges the need to accelerate targeted GDM awareness campaigns among university students and the general population in the UAE.

Knowledge of Saudi Pregnant Women Regarding Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia

Background: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is recognized as one of the most common preventable diseases related to perinatal and maternal deaths. Despite the high prevalence of the condition worldwide, research cites limited knowledge about the affected population of pregnant women in Saudi Arabia. The main aim of this study was to assess pregnant women’s knowledge of GDM and its implications for the mother and fetus. Methods and Materials: The study utilized an interview-based questionnaire-based cross-sectional study design that targeted pregnant women coming for antenatal care visits in public health care centers in Riyadh city. Results: One hundred and forty-three pregnant women participated. 35.5% of the population had adequate knowledge of GDM and its implications, 34.7% did not have enough understanding of the condition, and a further 29.8% were not aware of the complication. Knowledge about GDM was found to be statistically significant only with the number of pregnancies (p=0.03). Conclusion: Saudi pregnant women seem to have an inadequate knowledge scope of GDM and its implications to their health and those of their children. Specialized medical institutions and public health initiatives need to implement interventions to raise the awareness of the condition to help in earlier diagnosis and better management of the condition. Key words: Saudi pregnant women, knowledge, Gestational diabetes mellitus , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

331-OR: Gestational Diabetes Knowledge Improves with Interactive Online Training Modules

Background: GDM (gestational diabetes mellitus) increases the lifetime risk of maternal T2DM by 7-fold and increases the risk for maternal and fetal complications. Prenatal education on nutrition, exercise, and T2DM risk among women with GDM increases the likelihood of postpartum diabetes screening. However, access to diabetes education is limited. To address this gap, we created four GDM training modules for nurses and community health workers (CHW) and studied changes in knowledge, attitudes, and intentions before and after training completion. Methods: Online modules (45-60 minutes each with interactive cases and integrated knowledge check questions) were distributed through multiple professional organizations to clinical staff providing care for women with GDM with optional pre- and post-evaluation surveys.Data were not normally distributed. We described baseline population characteristics, GDM knowledge, attitudes, and intentions using median score and interquartile range. We evaluated changes in scores on knowledge, attitude, and intention scales before and after training using non-parametric Wilcoxon matched pair signed rank tests. Results: Seventy-eight individuals completed baseline evaluation (99% female, median age 40, 65% white non-Hispanic; 54% LPN/RN, 22% CHW, 24% other degree) . Nineteen individuals completed all 4 modules and post-training assessments. GDM knowledge improved significantly after training (median pretest - posttest score: 56% to 78%, p&amp;lt;0.001) . The biggest improvement in knowledge was noted in monitoring, medications, and hypoglycemia prevention (51% to 77%, p&amp;lt;0.001) . Intention to recommend diabetes prevention methods also increased after training (median pretest - posttest score: 35.5 to 39.4, max. score 40, p=0.009) . Conclusion: Interactive online modules improved knowledge and intention to recommend diabetes prevention methods. Access to such curricula is critical for improving access to diabetes education among patients. Disclosure P.Krutilova: None. R.C.Williams: None. R.Morey: None. C.Field: None. R.Byrth: None. M.D.Tepe: Other Relationship; Merck &amp; Co., Inc. C.J.Herrick: Consultant; Teladoc Health, Other Relationship; Eli Lilly and Company, Merck &amp; Co., Inc. Funding NICHD K23HD096204NIDDK T32DK007120

To determine the knowledge of gestational diabetes mellitus and its risk factors among antenatal mothers

Aim: To determine the knowledge of gestational diabetes mellitus and its risk factors among antenatal mothers. Methods: The study comprised 100 pregnant women who were accessible throughout the data collecting period and agreed to participate. Pregnant women who were unable to respond, such as severely sick moms, those who were unable to hear or communicate, and those who had a mental health condition, were omitted from the research. Pregnant women were given a pre-tested proforma to fill out in order to collect data. The proforma was translated into the participants' native language and distributed to them. They were then invited to complete the proforma on their own. The proforma was divided into two sections. Part 1: Questions regarding participants' socio - demographic details like name, age, education, occupation, income, etc., and details about like no. of pregnancies, no. of live children,,etc. Part 2: Questions to assess participants level of knowledge about Gestational diabetes mellitus Results: The research included 100 pregnant women in total. Only 19% of the 100 respondents had appropriate understanding about GDM. 51 percent of those polled had somewhat adequate knowledge. and 30% have insufficient knowledge about GDM.

IDF21-0112 Gestational diabetes in Upper Egypt: Prevalence, risk factors, and short term outcomes

Background: The prevalence of GDM has increased depending on the diagnostic criteria used. GDM is also an area where there are lot of debates regarding its screening, diagnosis, and management. Furthermore, there are wide gaps between guidelines and clinical practice provided to women with GDM particularly in low resources areas as Upper Egypt. Aim: Despite the high prevalence of diabetes in Egypt, our knowledge of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) epidemiology in Upper Egypt is still lacking. The study aims to determine the prevalence and risk factors of GDM among pregnant women in Upper Egypt and to evaluate its maternal and fetal outcomes. Method: The current study was a prospective cohort study conducted between July 2014 and July 2018. Universal screening for GDM in all pregnant women attending primary health care clinics was done using Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group India (DIPSI) criteria (non-fasting 2hr blood glucose after loading with 75gm glucose >140mg/dl). Those with GDM were followed up until delivery and postpartum. Maternal and fetal outcomes were recorded. Results: GDM had been diagnosed in 956 women out of 7141 with a prevalence rate of 13.4% using DIPSI criteria. Previous history of either GDM or macrosomic babies and family history of diabetes were all significantly higher in GDM women (P<0.001 each). However, no definite risk factor was observed in about half of the GDM women. Regarding treatment, 29% of GDM women were only responded to medical nutrition therapy. 81.5% of GDM women were delivered by caesarean section (CS), and 17 % had preterm labour. On the other hand, 74.3% of their neonates had physiological jaundice, 52.1% were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), 20.9% were hypoglycaemic. Postpartum oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) showed DM in 14.3% of our GDM women, while 25.7% of them had impaired glucose tolerance. Conclusions: The prevalence of GDM is relatively high in Upper Egypt. Half of these cases are without risk factors. Thus, universal screening by OGTT is recommended. MNT alone was not adequate for treatment of all cases. Postpartum OGTT is mandatory for all GDM women to pick up new cases of diabetes and prediabetes.

Association of Type 2 Diabetes Risk Perception With Interest in Diabetes Prevention Strategies Among Women With a History of Gestational Diabetes.

ObjectivesThe aims of this study were to identify predictors of perception of type 2 diabetes risk in women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to determine factors associated with interest in evidence-based strategies for type 2 diabetes prevention.Research Design and MethodsWe surveyed women with a history of GDM who had not progressed to type 2 diabetes from a large academic medical center. We used multivariate logistic regression to assess predictors of high levels of perception of type 2 diabetes risk. We also tested associations between risk perception and interest in a lifestyle change program and/or metformin therapy.ResultsIn our diverse sample of 264 women, 28% were unaware that GDM is a risk factor for incident type 2 diabetes after pregnancy, and 48% believed their personal risk of type 2 diabetes was low. In multivariate analyses, family history of diabetes (odds ratio [OR] 2.2, 95% CI 1.2–4.4) and knowledge of GDM as a risk factor for incident type 2 diabetes (OR 4.5, 95% CI 2.1–9.8) were significant predictors of greater perception of type 2 diabetes risk. Women with higher risk perception were more likely to express interest in a lifestyle change program compared with women with lower risk perception (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.3–4.5).ConclusionAlthough some women are aware that GDM is a risk factor for incident type 2 diabetes, many still perceive their own risk of developing type 2 diabetes as low. Higher risk perception predicted interest in an evidence-based diabetes prevention program, highlighting the importance of personalized risk assessment and communication about risk for women who have had GDM.

Knowledge of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Among Saudi Women in a Primary Health Care Center of Almadinah Almunawarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

BackgroundGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a type of diabetes mellitus known as any stage of glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. Awareness of GDM is the first step toward its screening in pregnancy. This study was designed to assess knowledge of GDM, its screening, and risk factors among Saudi women attending primary healthcare center in Almadinah Almunawarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.MethodsThis was an observational cross-sectional study conducted on Saudi women who attended the primary healthcare centers in Almadinah Almunawarah during the study period from January 2021 to June 2021. The sampling technique used was the stratification of primary healthcare centers in Madinah. According to the Epi-Info, version 3.5.1, the minimum sample size was 292. Data collection was done using a valid, Arabic self-administered questionnaire, which was composed of two main parts: general sociodemographic data and a questionnaire to assess GDM knowledge and awareness (12 questions). Data was recorded and analyzed using SPSS version 26.ResultsIn this study, 333 women were enrolled with an age range between 18 and 60 years, with a mean of 34.31±9.21 years. Overall, more than half of the women (53.45%) had a poor level of knowledge related to GDM, whereas only 7.80% had a good level of knowledge. Results of multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that women living in rural areas were at almost four-fold higher risk of having a poor level of knowledge (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 3.97; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.44-41.98, p=0.0031). With a one-year increase in women’s age, the risk of poor knowledge increased by 4% (aOR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.08-1.48, p=0.001). In comparison to illiterate women, university-graduated and postgraduate women had a significantly lower risk of poor knowledge (aOR: 0.03; 95% CI: 0.01-0.31, p=0.001 and aOR: 0.19; 95% CI: 0.06-0.66, p = 0.011, respectively).ConclusionThe GDM knowledge of Saudi adult women was poor, particularly regarding risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment with insulin. However, their knowledge regarding treatment by lifestyle and diet modifications was quite acceptable.