Geotechnical Properties Of Clay Research Articles

Utilization of Mosul City Demolition Waste to Improve some Soil Engineering Properties

The present research has been conducted to trace the various effects of Mosul city demolition waste materials (DMs), on the geotechnical properties of clay. The properties of the samples have already been investigated and evaluated. Moreover, cement has been added to upgrade these properties. Finally, the fine demolition has been added to a highly expansive soil selected from the site of the University of Mosul to reduce the swelling potential. In fact, the experimental work includes: The Abrasion, index and compaction properties, swelling and strength of stabilized and treated expansive soil. The laboratory tests include the testing of consistency limits, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), compaction (standard and modified), swelling, consolidation, and Abrasion test by Los Angeles Machine. The Results show that, increasing the old and new demolition (OD and ND) percentages lead to a decrease of liquid limit and plasticity index of clay, respectively. The increase in maximum γdry for the clay has been noticed when the OD and ND content has been added from 5 to 25%. A reduction of optimum water content (opt) for clay was optimized also by increasing the demolitions percentage to 25%. Also, the UCS strength values of the clay have been increased by increasing the demolition materials (DMs) percentage from 5 to 25%. The odometer characteristics, including the swelling and consolidation of DMs-clay mixtures, were controlled mainly by the type of the demolition. The final result indicates that the presence of old and new demolition waste could improve the clay engineering properties of the stabilized soil. Untreated and cement treated (OD) and (ND) materials could be successfully used as a base or sub-base for road.

Effect of Cement Kiln Dust on the Geotechnical Properties of Clay in Ede, South-western, Nigeria

This paper investigated the effect of cement kiln dust (CKD) on the geotechnical properties of clay. Soil sample was collected from clay deposit at Ede North Local Government Area, Osun State, which lies within the geographical coordinates of 7N and 4E, was treated with up to 10% CKD. Sieve analysis, specific gravity, consistency limits, compaction (British Standard Light, BSL and West African Standard, WAS) and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) tests were carried out on both treated and untreated soil samples. Results showed that Ede clay is an A-7- 6 soil. Specific gravity increased from 2.61 to 2.91 with increase in CKD from 0 to 10%, maximum dry density (MDD) of the natural soil sample increased from 1.72 and 1.76 g/m’ to 1.84 and 1.85 g/m’ at 8% CKD for BSL and WAS, respectively. The unsoaked CBR of the specimen increased from 17 to 35% for 0-10% addition of CKD, and a similar trend was observed for the 24 hours soaked CBR values. This study indicated that CKD, though regarded as waste material, can be used to improve the geotechnical properties of Ede clay.

Improving geotechnical properties of clayey soil using polymer material

This study illustrates the application of polymer material for clayey soil stabilization. The article will focus on studying the strength behavior of the clayey soils reinforced with homogenously polymer fiber. In the current research, “polypropylene” was selected as polymer material to reinforce the natural clay soil. This polymer fiber was added to the clayey soil with four different percentages of (0, 1.5, 3, and 5%) by weight of soil. Various tests with different polymer contents were performed to study the effect of using such a polymer as a stabilizing agent on geotechnical properties of clay. As the fiber content increases, the optimum moisture content (OMC) is increased while the specific gravity decreases. For Atterberg’s limits, the results indicated increasing liquid limit and plasticity index while decreasing plastic limit with increase in polymer content. The outcomes of the tests also reflected a considerable improvement in the unconfined compressive strength with noticeable improvement in the shear strength parameter (undrained shear strength, cu) of the treated soils. The undrained shear strength obtained from treated soil with 5% polymer addition is more than three times that of the untreated soil. With an increase in polymer content, the consolidation parameters (Compression index Cc and recompression index Cr) decreases. Finally, the benefit of the reinforcement is increased with increasing polymer fiber content.

The Effect of Nanoparticles on Geotechnical Properties of Clay

Nanoparticles are one of the newest materials that can be used in soil stabilization. The effect of Na + modified montmorillonite nanoclay on clay engineering properties has been examined in this study. At first, it is used for dispersing nanoparticles into soil and preparing samples. Used nanoclay content by dry weight percentage of soil is 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2%. Variations caused by increasing nanoclay content were studied. Soil compaction test was performed in order to achieve maximum specific weight and optimum moisture content. Tests were conducted using nanoclay and then without it. The obtained results show that liquid and plastic limits rise with increasing nanoclay content. In the uniaxial and CBR tests, the highest soil resistivity can be seen by adding 1.5% of nanoclay. Low percentage of nanoclay generally improves the soil properties.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v9i4.12670

The Effects of Pore Fluids with Different Dielectric Constants on the Geotechnical Behaviour of Kaolinite

The properties of pore fluid in clayey soil are usually influential on the intergranular physicochemical forces, i.e., on the geotechnical properties of clay. In this paper, the Atterberg limits of kaolinite were determined for pure water and four different chemical fluids with various concentrations (20, 40, 60 and 80) whose dielectric constants represent a wide range of interval, and kaolinite’s shear strength and compression behaviors were investigated by using the specimens obtained by consolidating the mixtures under 100 kPa pressure with water content twice their liquid limits. During the tests, an optical microscope was used to take the photographic views of the structural changes taking place on kaolinite due to the changing pore fluids. According to the experimental results, the effect of the chemical fluids caused to have increase in shear strength values and decrease in compression and swelling index values obtained by the consolidation tests. Moreover, kaolinite’s liquid limit increased with the increasing chemical fluid concentration and decreasing dielectric constant of the pore fluid. The changes observed on the geotechnical properties of kaolinite subjected to chemical fluids can be explained with intergranular Van der Waals attraction forces whose increase causes the flocculation of particles and the tendency of the clayey soil to behave like the silt–fine sand. Additionally, the optical microscope views taken during the experiments also supported these conditions clearly.

Formation of Iron Oxide in the Surface Zone of Marine Clay Sediment and the Geotechnical Properties of Clays

Formation of Iron Oxide in the Surface Zone of Marine Clay Sediment and the Geotechnical Properties of Clays

Influence of geology and geological processes on the geotechnical properties of a plastic clay

The complex properties of postglacial clay at Winnipeg, Canada have major impact on civil engineering construction in the city. Problems include house foundation movements, low stability of riverbanks, poor highway pavement performance, difficult excavation, and a high incidence of watermain breaks. The research in this paper presents an understanding of the geologic factors that cause these problems, and how to ameliorate their effects in engineering design. The geotechnical properties of the clay were measured from carefully sampled, 76 mm diameter triaxial specimens. The clay is nonhomogeneous, anisotropic, active, overconsolidated and fissured. These properties are related to the depositional and post-depositional geology of the area. The depositional geology of the extensive Lake Agassiz clays is straightforward and well known. However, it does not fully explain the measured geotechnical properties. Attention is then directed towards post-depositional geological processes such as regional groundwater hydrology, cementation, aging, freeze-thaw and desiccation. Consideration of effective stress strengths, quasi-elastic anisotropy, the variation of overconsolidation ratio with depth, yielding and porewater pressure generation, suggests strongly that the clay is cemented by carbonates and sulphates from upwards movement of salt-rich groundwater. Freeze—thaw disturbance causes marked changes in behaviour, especially at low stresses.

Field and Laboratory Behaviour of Khor Al-Zubair Clay, Iraq

This paper describes the geotechnical properties of Khor Al-Zubair clay distributed along- the old river channel of the Shatt Al-Arab River in southern Iraq. In-situ and laboratory tests indicated that Khor Al-Zubair clay is an overconsolidated clay with overconsolidation ratio decreasing with depth. The following two were suggested from an analysis of the various tests results: — 1) The overconsolidation state of Khor Al-Zubair clay was not caused by geologic stress release but may be caused another factors such as aging effects, dring, seepage forces. 2) Overconsolidation resulting from factors such as aging effects, dring, seepage forces, tends to decrease rather than increase the value of K o . The paper also describes the following geotechnical properties of this clay; 1) undrained strength, 2) anisotropy in undrained strength and 3) strength decrease due to rebound.

Porvattnets Kemiska Beskaffenhet i Leror Med Olika Sensitivitet

Abstract Knowledge of the origin of quick clay and of secondary changes in strength is of importance for construction purposes as well as for the prevention of landslides. Clays of different sensitivity can occur in the same stratum within a few metres of each other. A detailed study was made of adjacent clays in the same layer and of the same age — but with different sensitivity. Different analyses indicated that the sensitivity depends on chemical conditions in the pore water of the clay. By experiments it was demonstrated that quick clay can be changed to normal clay by replacing its pore water by pore water of normal clay or by artifical solution prepared on the basis of chemical pore water analyses. This was later verified by experiments to study the effect of the addition of different salts on the geotechnical properties of clays.