Geotechnical Properties Of Clayey Soil Research Articles

Enhancing Geotechnical Properties of Clayey Soil with Recycled Plastic and Glass Waste

Enhancing Geotechnical Properties of Clayey Soil with Recycled Plastic and Glass Waste

Study of the physicochemical, mineralogical, and geotechnical properties of clayey soils to improve the durability of eco-construction materials in the rural region

This study aims to preserve and improve the durability of earthen buildings in rural areas of Morocco, particularly in the Al Haouz province of the Marrakech-Safi region. In this paper, a survey was conducted to identify defects in earthen building materials and investigate factors that lead villagers to use cement over traditional earth-based construction methods. To propose solutions to these shortcomings, mineralogical, physicochemical, and geotechnical studies were conducted on four soils commonly used as rural building materials. Subsequently, some corrections were implemented in the treatment of raw materials and the production process of compressed earth blocks (CEBs), which were then subjected to mechanical, physical, and morphological characterization. The findings of this study revealed several building pathologies in earthen construction in this region, including ceiling water leaks, formulations made, and cracks. Research shows that the key factors influencing the durability of building materials are particle size distribution, mineralogy composition, moisture content, and construction process.

Influence of remediation by electrokinetic on the chemical and geotechnical properties of clayey soil contaminated by copper sulfate

The enhanced electrokinetic (EK) technique is an innovative approach and increasingly used in remediation of the fine-grained texture soils contaminated with different types of contaminant. In this study, the EK is enhanced by adding an intermediate compartment and using purging solutions at the electrode’s compartments. The natural clayey soil samples were obtained from Al-Ahadab oil field and artificially contaminated with two ratios of copper sulfate (66666.67 and 26666.67 mg/kg). The feasibility of using EK technique was evaluated by the efficiency of extracting copper from soil and the magnitude of recovery in the geotechnical properties of soil. The duration of remediation was continued for about 240-250 hours depending either on the continuity of electroosmosis flow or reach a constant rate of electrical current. The removal efficiency of copper from contaminated soil samples was ranged from 98.4% to 99.6%. The EK remediation technique proved a marginal impact on the specific gravity and Atterberg’s limits, but it has a significant effect on the shear strength parameters and compressibility of soil. Furthermore, the EK technique can be considered an efficient method for removing the low and high concentrations of copper sulfate from clayey soil of low permeability.

Geotechnical Properties of Clayey Soils Stabilized with Marble Dust and Granulated Blast Furnace Slag

Geotechnical Properties of Clayey Soils Stabilized with Marble Dust and Granulated Blast Furnace Slag

Effect of arsenic contamination on geotechnical properties of clayey soil

Effect of arsenic contamination on geotechnical properties of clayey soil

Katkı türü ve oranının yüksek plastisiteli kilin kompaksiyon parametrelerine etkisi

Stabilization, which is defined as the improvement of the geotechnical properties of clayey soils by using additives with pozzolanic properties, is highly preferred today because it is easy to apply, economical and many of them are environmentally friendly. As a result of the textural changes that occur after successful stabilization by adding different pozzolans to the clayey soils, the optimum water content value, which is called the compaction parameters of the soil, increases, while the maximum dry unit weight decreases. In this study, the effects of additives used in different types and ratios on the compaction parameters of high plasticity bentonite were investigated. For this purpose, samples with additives using slaked lime, fly ash, acidic and basic tuffs in different proportions were prepared and Standard Proctor tests were carried out on these samples. According to the results obtained from the studies, the best results were obtained in the case of using only one additive material, in the sample with 5% acidic tuff and in the sample with 10% slaked lime. In the examples where two types of additives were used together, the best results were obtained in the example where 10% acidic tuff and slaked lime were used together. The results obtained from this study show that the best results are obtained in compaction parameters, especially when slaked lime and acidic tuff additive are used together.

Evaluation of the Effect of RAP and Lime on Geotechnical Properties of Clayey Soil

Abstract: Road network plays a large role in the rapid development of the economy of a country, providing connectivity to remote areas for various transportation activities. India ranks second in the world in terms of length of road network after the United States. The major road network in the urban locality consists of bituminous pavements periodically resurfaced during maintenance. From the milling process, reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) is obtained. Additionally, RAP can be used for the utilization of recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) materials in subgrade soil. Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) is being used in this case study to stabilize the subgrade soil collected from Crop Research Center (CRC), Govind Ballabh Pant University, Tanda Range, Uttarakhand (29°01'09.7"N, 79°28'55.9"E). To conduct the experimental program, a variable amount of RAP percentages viz., 5, 10, 15, and 20%, and different percentages of lime i.e., 2, 4, 6, and 8% were mixed with natural soil. Based on gradation, Standard Proctor Test (SPT), Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS), California Bearing Ratio (CBR), and Specific gravity, the characteristics of RAP-soils with added lime were evaluated. For soil mixture including 10% RAP and 4% lime, a maximum MDD of 19.04 and a percentage increase in compaction of 11.93% was observed. OMC value was observed as 11.35%, which further decreased as RAP content increased. Due to RAP containing coarse aggregate, a higher CBR value was obtained due to the harder sample surface. For all soil mixers of 15% RAP and 4% lime, unsoaked CBR and soaked CBR values were found to be 31.39% and 18.69% respectively. Percentage increases in their respective CBR values were 868.83% and 662.86%. for every percentage of lime variation, maximum CBR was obtained at 15% RAP, and maximum CBR value for soaked CBR was obtained for soil with 15% RAP and 2% lime, whereas for unsoaked CBR, it was obtained for soil with 15% RAP and 4% lime. Maximum UCS values of 412.45 kN/m2 , 606.81 kN/m2 and 857.62 kN/m2 were observed on 3rd, 7th and 14th days for soil mix with 15% RAP and 4% lime, with percentage increase of 291.17%, 249.40% and 387.78% respectively. Based on the results of the study, RAP materials can be effectively used in the soil subgrade, sub-base, and base of flexible pavements, reducing the cost of construction. Keywords: Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP), Lime, CBR, SPT, UCS, OMC, MDD.

Effects of Oil Contamination on the Geotechnical Properties of Clayey Soil

Effects of Oil Contamination on the Geotechnical Properties of Clayey Soil

Improvement of geotechnical properties of clayey soil with saw dust ash stabilization

Rapid urbanization and construction are driving up the consumption of cement and aggregate used in building construction. However, the manufacture of cement and concrete boosts carbon dioxide emissions and depletes the supply of natural aggregates. As a result, alternative materials for building construction are required. A replacement material, saw dust ash (SDA), is obtained from woodfired power stations, pulp, paper mills, and other wood-burning factories. However, the SDA manufacturing sector necessitates enormous tracts of land in rural locations. As a result, some wood waste is sprinkled throughout the open land, while others are burned in incinerators, contributing to air pollution, a significant environmental issue. The purpose of this study is to provide a brief overview of the practical usage of SDA as a substitute material in the building sector, especially for soil stabilization. The article provides an overview of SDA use in the construction sector and examines development trends such as strength and durability. The findings indicate that implementing SDA into soi the soil stabilization sector benefits both sustainability and zero-waste technology. Environmental concerns about using SDA are also discussed, as are methods for minimizing the dangerous influence on the surrounding environment for future disaster risk reduction due to soil failure.

Effects of Carbon Fiber & Sika Fiber on Improving the Geotechnical Properties of Clayey Soil

The effects of carbon & sika fibers on the Undrained unconsolidated strength (UUS) of weak clay soil have been studied in this research. The soil sample obtained from Al Basra city south of that can be classified according to USCS as weak silty clay of low plasticity (CL). The additives are carbon & sika fibers. The soil samples were improved by mixing with four ratios of each additive 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2% of the dry soil weight. Mixture samples prepared using the optimum water content. Bearing capacity of samples measured by the unconsolidation undrained tri-axial shear test. Based on the results of tests at failure, the undrained unconsolidated strength (UUS) increased with increasing the ratio of additives, except in the case of sika fiber, which gave negative effects. In addition, it is important to avoid using carbon fiber in a high ratio of upper than 1% of dry soil weight due to a decrease in the (UUS).

Geotechnical properties of clayey soil improved by sewage sludge ash

ABSTRACT Rapid urbanization has resulted in the production of large quantities of sewage sludge over worldwide. The disposal of sewage sludge in landfills or open areas is not considered as an environmentally friendly solution. Therefore, the use of sewage sludge as ash can provide a better solution in geotechnical applications. Keeping this in view, this study investigates the possibility of using sewage sludge ash (SSA) to improve the geotechnical properties of soft clay soil. The sewage sludge ash (SSA) is attained by burning the sludge for 2 h at 900°C. The tests conducted on the clayey soil are specific gravity, standard Proctor test, sieve analysis, Atterberg limits, CBR test and unconfined compression test. Three curing times were used for the untreated soils and soils treated with sewage sludge ash (SSA) which are 3 days, 14 days and 28 days. The sewage sludge ash (SSA) was mixed with the soil at different percentages by weight of the soil at 10%, 15% and 20% of dry soil weight. The results showed that the sludge ash increases the unconfined compressive strength of the soft soil at 3, 14, 28-day curing time. The bearing capacity of the soil decreases after adding SSA at the first, but curing time led to improve the bearing capacity of clayey soil after adding SSA and the percentage of SSA of 10% gave the optimum value of CBR. The results indicated that a better performance of the unconfined shear strength was obtained at 28-day curing time. The findings of this research indicate that sewage sludge ash (SSA) can be used to improve the soft clayey soil and further reduce the environmental risks associated with this substantial. Implications: Rapid urbanization has resulted in the production of large quantities of sewage sludge over worldwide. The disposal of sewage sludge in landfills or open areas is not considered as an environmentally friendly solution. Therefore, the use of sewage sludge as ash can provide a better solution in geotechnical applications. Keeping this in view, this study investigates the possibility of using sewage sludge ash (SSA) to improve geotechnical properties of soft clay soil. In this paper, Sewage Sludge Ash (SSA) is recycled as a new type of chemical addition to soft clay soil and used as a stabilizer to improve a clayey soil. This study proposes that a percent of the total amount of clay to be reinforced is replaced with sewage sludge ash (sewage sludge ash plus soil) in order to achieve the need of improvement in the geotechnical properties of clayey soil and make use of industrial wastes. The sewage sludge ash (SSA) is attained by burning the sludge for 2 h at 900°C. The tests conducted on the clayey soil are specific gravity, standard Proctor test, sieve analysis, Atterberg limits, CBR test, and unconfined compression test. Three curing times were used for the untreated soils and soils treated with sewage sludge ash (SSA) which are 3 days, 14 days, and 28 days. The sludge ash (SSA) was mixed with the soil at different percentages by weight of the soil at 10%, 15%, and 20% of dry soil weight. The results showed that the sludge ash increases the unconfined compression strength of the soft soil at 3, 14, 28-day curing time. The bearing capacity of the soil decreases after adding SSA at the first, but curing time led to improve the bearing capacity of clayey soil after adding SSA and the percentage of SSA of 10% gave the optimum value of CBR. The results indicated that a better performance of the unconfined shear strength was obtained at 28-day curing time. The findings of this research indicate that sewage sludge ash (SSA) can be used to improve the soft clayey soil and further reduce the environmental risks associated with this substantial.

Effects of Plastic Waste Materials on Geotechnical Properties of Clayey Soil

Recently, the use of plastic products, such as polyethylene (PE) bottles and polypropylene (PP), has been significantly increased, which may lead to many environmental issues. Therefore, it is important to find methods to manage these waste materials without causing any ecological hazards. One of these methods is to use plastic wastes as soil stabiliser materials. In this study, PE and PP have been used in the form of fibres. The effect of the stabilisation was evaluated through carrying out standard laboratory tests. These tests have been conducted on natural and stabilised soils with four fibre contents (1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%) of the soil weight. The tests included the standard compaction test, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test, California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test, and resilient modulus (Mr) tests. In all these tests, the fibre content was added in two lengths, which were 1.0 cm and 2.0 cm. Laboratory test results revealed that the plastic pieces decrease maximum dry density (MDD) and optimum moisture content (OMC) of the stabilised soils, which are required for the construction of embankments of lightweight materials. In addition, there was a significant improvement in the UCS of soils by 76.4 and 96.6% for both lengths of PE fibres and 57.4% and 73.0% for both lengths of PP fibres, respectively. Results of the CBR tests demonstrated that the inclusion of plastic fibres in clayey soils improves the strength and deformation behaviour of the soil especially with 4% fibre content for both lengths 1.0 cm and 2.0 cm, respectively, to a figure of 185 to 150% for PE and PP, respectively. Furthermore, the results of the Mr tests demonstrated that the mechanical properties improved to an extent. For an increase in fibre content, the resilient modulus increased by about 120% at 4% fibre content for PE. However, for PP, improvement in resilient modulus declined at 3% fibre content. Therefore, for soil stabilisation with fibre material, optimum fibre content shall be sought.

Effect of Gravel Dust And Limestone Dust on Geotechnical Properties of Clayey Soil

Effect of Gravel Dust And Limestone Dust on Geotechnical Properties of Clayey Soil

The Effect of Freeze-thaw Cycles on The Geotechnical Properties of Clayey Soil Treated with Lime

Fine-grained soils (cohesive soils) exposed to freezing-thawing cycles exhibit to notable alterations ontheir physical and mechanical characteristics. The environmental conditions' influences on soil geotechnical properties are significant, especially when stabilized by hydrated lime. This study was carried out to explore the effect of freeze-thaw cycles on cohesive soil stabilized by various hydrated lime percentages (zero%, 5%, 10%, and 15%) by dry mass, which cured for 28 days at 30°C. One-dimensional consolidations, unconfined strength, and shear box tests were performed for untreated and treated soil samples subjected to 0, 1, 2, and 3 freeze-thaw cycles. Duplication of freeze-thaw cycles significantly impacts some geotechnical properties and decreases them such as LL, UCS, Cc, Cr, and C. The PL and ϕvalues of the samples treated by hydrated lime and subjected to freeze-thaw cycles observed to be increased, which were due to the important role of hydrated lime addition. It is concluded that the hydrated lime can be effectively utilized to minimize the impacts of freeze-thaw periods on shear strength and compressibility of cohesive soil.

Sub-grade characteristics of soil stabilized with agricultural waste, constructional waste, and lime

The waste generated from the agriculture and construction sector is a serious threat to the environment due to its disposal problems. This study is an attempt to utilize agriculture and construction waste to stabilize the geotechnical properties of clayey soil to use the composite as sub-grade material. For this purpose, rice husk ash (agriculture waste) and construction demolition waste (used construction waste) are mixed in varying amounts in clayey soil alone and along with lime to obtain the best sub-grade material. The results of the experimental testing reveal that the geotechnical properties of clayey soil are improved by stabilizing it with various waste materials thereby solving their disposal problem thus sustaining a healthy environment. The use of wastes and lime in combination improves the unconfined compressive strength, California bearing ratio, and resilient modulus of the composite. The mix obtained on the addition of rice husk ash and construction demolition waste along with lime can be used as a sub-grade material thus achieving higher economic benefits.

Stabilization of Clayey Soils by Using the Organic Waste-Material

Soil stabilization known as the process of improving the engineering properties of soils is a method applied when the engineering properties of soil are not suitable for purpose. There are several methods of soil stabilization that could be implemented to improve the physical characteristics of the soil. In this study, the pine tree sawdust as an organic material wase used as additive material for stabilization of clayey soils and the influence of pine tree sawdust on the geotechnical properties of clayey soil was investigated in terms of strength behaviors. The pine tree sawdust is an organic waste resulting from the mechanical milling or processing of timber (wood) into various standard shapes and useable sizes. The strength properties of the clayey soil when blended with pine tree sawdust indicates that the pine tree sawdust is a good stabilization material for this problematic soil. As a result, it is concluded that the pine tree sawdust material as an organic material can be successfully used for the reinforce of clayey soils in the geotechnical applications.

Effect of Stone dust and Lime in the Geotechnical Properties of Clayey Soil

Clayey soils are commonly stiff in dry state but lose their stiffness when saturated with water. Soft clays are characterized by low bearing capacity and high compressibility. In this research, stone dust obtained from stone processing area used for Stabilization of clayey soil with lime. Thus, the effectiveness of using stone powder and lime in stabilizing fine-grained clayey soil (CL) was investigated in the laboratory. The soil samples in natural state and when mixed with varying percentages of lime and waste stone powder were used for the laboratory tests that included Atterberg limits tests, standard Proctor compaction tests, unconfined compression tests and California bearing ratio tests. The value of maximum dry density, Unconfined Compressive Strength and California Bearing Ratio decreased with increase in % of stone dust and lime. The Optimum Moisture Content value remain same with increasing stone dust content and lime.

Hydrated Lime Effects on Geotechnical Properties of Clayey Soil

Cohesive soils present difficulties in construction projects because it usually contains expansive clay minerals. However, the engineering properties of cohesive soils can be stabilized by using various techniques. The research aims to elaborate on the influences of using hydrated lime on the consistency, compaction, and shear strength properties of clayey soil samples from Sulaimnai city, northern Iraq. The proportions of added hydrated lime are 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% to the natural soil sample. The results yielded considerable effects of hydrated lime on the engineering properties of the treated soil sample and enhancement its strength. The soil's liquid limit, plasticity index, and optimum moisture content were decreased with the increase of hydrated lime percent. The soil's other geotechnical properties such as plastic limit, maximum dry density, and unconfined compressive strength were increased with the hydrated lime content increase. The oedometer test results produced a notable decrease in the compressibility characteristics of the lime-treated soil sample. Hence, hydrated lime is successfully contributed and can be considered as an effective material to improve the strength, compressibility, and consistency properties of the cohesive soils in Sulaimani city.

Utilization of powdered glass in lime-stabilized clayey soil with sea water

The waste glass is one of the huge volume construction and demolition (C&D) debris and using it in the construction, significantly reduces the area required for the storage and contributes to the conservation of natural resources while reducing the carbon footprint. In the light of these data, the answer to the question of whether glass powder could be considered as a stabilizing additive with sea water in lime-stabilized clayey soil so that clayey soil could be used in road pavement and embankment construction has been investigated. A series of experimental studies conducted to determine the effect of additives on the geotechnical properties of the clayey soil such as moisture-density relationships, strength, and consistency. The samples were prepared by blending 5% lime and different percentages of powdered glass such as 10%, 20% and 25% with three different clayey soil that were used as subgrade soil. The results of the tests indicate that powdered glass, sea water and clayey soils are very compatible to react with each other and additives improve geotechnical properties of clayey soils in a way so that it decreases plasticity index and increases workability of clayey soils. In addition, the additives increase California bearing ratio and unconfined compressive strength of clayey soils up to ten times depending on usage rates.

Studying the Geotechnical Properties of Clayey Soil Contaminated by Kerosene

This study focuses on investigating the impacts of kerosene on the physical, mechanical, and chemical characteristics of clay soil. The soils specimens are contaminated artificially with six ratios of kerosene (5, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50) % calculated according to the dry weight of soil. The artificial contamination includes air drying of the disturbed soil, then placed in plastic containers and mixed with the field water content and the specified concentration of kerosene to ensure getting homogenous contaminated soil specimens. The contaminated soil specimens left for 30 days in plastic containers covered by nylon sheets to control the water content and prevent volatility of contaminant. The results of tests proved that different ratios of kerosene have different impacts on the engineering and chemical characteristics of soil specimens. The specific gravity, percentages of fine particles, optimum water content, the initial and final void ratio, coefficient of consolidation, swelling index, permeability, the undrained shear strength, effective shear strength parameters, and the rate of reduction of initial pore water pressure are reduced significantly with increasing the content of kerosene in soil. Generally, the concentration of kerosene less than 10% has slight impacts on the studied characteristics of soil specimens.