Georgia Southern University Research Articles

Using marketing strategies to promote maternal health: an international students’ collaboration

Abstract Purpose About 1 in 8 birth parents experience symptoms of perinatal mood and anxiety disorders (PMADs). The purpose of this collaborative project was to create a social media deliverable to lower the risk of postpartum depression in pregnant and postpartum parents in Georgia, USA. Methods Using the SM 10-step model, Master of Public Health Students from Georgia Southern University (GSU), Georgia in collaboration with Creative Business students from Breda University of Applied Science (BUas), the Netherlands, designed an evidence-based SM product. They were mentored by public health and media faculty from both institutions. Roles and responsibilities according to the skill sets were divided, but briefly: students 1) identified a target audience; 2) conducted tertiary data collection; 3) set goals and objectives; 4) developed 4 P’s (product, price, place, and promotion) 5) developed marketing strategies.; 6) and used the strategy to create a specific social media deliverable. Results Utilizing the 10-step model social marketing strategy used state-of-the-art marketing and digital media techniques and evidence-based strategies to create a digital electronic booklet that focused on reducing the stigma associated with help seeking behaviors with the ultimate goal to reduce the incidence and prevalence of PMADs. The digital interactive booklet will be pilot tested in selected OBGYN offices and health departments in Southeast Georgia in July 2024. Conclusions This collaborative project demonstrates effective collaboration between disciplines from different world regions utilizing strengths from both teams: public health and digital media skills to create an SM product that will be utilized to promote social engagement among postpartum parents. Key messages • Students utilized social marketing strategies to create an electronic booklet to address postpartum depression using state-of-the-art digital media techniques and evidence-based strategies. • This collaborative project demonstrates effective collaboration between disciplines from different world regions and utilizes strengths from both teams.

THE TYBEE ISLAND, GEORGIA BLACK HISTORY TRAIL: A COMMUNITY APPROACH to BLACK GEOGRAPHIES

ABSTRACT Tybee Island, Georgia, was a colonial borderland between Spanish and British America before evolving into a middle-class, seaside resort in the 1800s. It continued as a popular vacation spot in the twentieth century. However, research has highlighted the island’s troubling history of racial segregation, particularly surrounding events like the Orange Crush Beach Party. Previous studies also underscored the Historical Society ignoring the island’s Black history in its exhibits. Building on this, a collaborative project emerged in 2021 involving a Georgia Southern University faculty member and undergraduate student, Tybee MLK Human Rights Organization, and Tybee Island Historical Society. The goal was to create a Black History Trail highlighting a rich yet ignored Black history and culture on the island and addressing the exclusion of Tybee’s Black population from museums and markers. This project integrates community geography, focusing on resolving problems like social exclusion, and exploring spatialities of Black life, social oppressions, and resistance. Utilizing archival research, oral history interviews, and ArcGIS, the project developed a 13-stop virtual tour using ESRI Story Maps. We conclude our paper by highlighting the lessons learned during the trail’s development, the multitude of ways the trail embodies the theory of Black geographies in practice, and the broader challenges in honoring Tybee’s Black geographies. Keywords: community geography, Black geographies, Tybee Island, tourism, memory

Training in Public Health Informatics and Technology Leveraging a Multi-institutional Partnership Model and Emphasizing Experiential Learning.

Though public health is an information-intense profession, there is a paucity of workforce with Public Health Informatics and Technology (PHIT) skills, which was evident during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This need is addressed through the PHIT workforce program (2021-2025) by the Office of the National Coordinator for training and to increase racial and ethnic diversity in the PHIT workforce. The objective is to share details on the Training in Informatics for Underrepresented Minorities in Public Health (TRIUMPH) consortium, funded by the PHIT workforce program. The TRIUMPH consortium is a collaboration between academic and practice partners with a commitment to training 879 students in PHIT. The Schools of Public Health and Nursing at the University of Minnesota, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health at Georgia Southern University, Morehouse School of Medicine, and Public Health Informatics Institute offer PHIT training through various programs. Academic institutions focus on student recruitment, developing courses/curriculum, and granting degrees/certificates, and the role of practice partners is to support experiential learning through internships/practicums. The TRIUMPH consortium is progressing toward its goals, with 692 students (79%) already trained in a PHIT modality as of December 2023. The learners comprise diverse race/ethnicity, including White (48%), Black/African American (32%), Asian (10%), White Hispanic (5%), American Indian/Alaska Native (2%), and Black Hispanic (1%). Numerous internships have been completed in settings ranging from state/local public health agencies to health care delivery systems. Diversity initiatives were supported by partnering with existing programs (e.g., the AMIA First Look program and the Nursing Knowledge Big Data Science conference). This consortium model is an excellent approach to informatics training and sharing expertise across partners. It provides scalability and broader geographic outreach while presenting opportunities to students from underrepresented backgrounds. Lessons learned have implications for overall informatics training (e.g., partnerships models, promoting racial/ethnic diversity).

Trying Something New: Developing New Tools for Educational Resource Assessment

In response to university-wide budget cuts, librarians at Georgia Southern University were charged with evaluating the libraries’ collections in preparation to make $300,000 in cuts for 2022. Past initiatives to assess the libraries’ collections have had mixed results and few true successes. The library faculty have struggled to present information about resources in a comprehensive yet easy to understand way that encourages participation by departmental faculty. In light of previous experiences, the library faculty decided to scrap the old way of collecting feedback and instead develop a new process to present data in a clear and precise manner. Throughout this process, the library faculty strove to balance usage data and other metrics with faculty input to make renewal decisions. This presentation showcased tools and templates that Georgia Southern librarians developed during this assessment and highlighted what we learned.

An integrated evidence-based approach to provide a practicum-based learning experience to students

Abstract Background Due to the challenges created by the COVID-19 pandemic, the public health field has an exceptional opportunity not only to address current challenges but also to rebuild and expand the workforce. Objectives The main objective of this presentation is to highlight the 2018-2022 academic year's progress of the practice-based learning experience of the JPH College of Public Health at Georgia Southern University in Georgia, USA. The College serves more than 59, mostly rural counties, and involves diverse practicum preceptors, students, and existing professionals from the USA and other countries. The College provides a unique opportunity for students to develop practice-based education and training to master public health competencies in the field. The Office of Practice and Research collaborates with two Practicum coordinators on the undergraduate and graduate levels to create, support, sustain, and expand practicum opportunities locally and globally. Results The Practicum has created more than 17 community partnerships that provide an ongoing Practicum opportunity on all three program levels (BSPH, MPH, DrPH). It fostered relationships between community organizations and academia to collaborate on research, interventions, and grants. It includes professional workshops, information sessions, and mentoring to adequately prepare students for the fieldwork. In addition, it incorporates 1) an advisory board committee; 2) supervisor's evaluations; and 3) alumni feedback. As a result of this program and other efforts, more than 80% of our students are employed or enrolled in further education within the defined period. Conclusions This scalable and adaptable program serves as a model for advancing academia-community efforts aiming to successfully prepare students for entering the workforce, as well as enhancing the knowledge and skills of those in the workforce, particularly those working in/plan to work in challenging rural and related settings. Key messages • Practicum is essential in the successful preparation of students for entering the workforce. • Practicum provides a unique opportunity for collaboration between community organizations and academia.

KEYS to Teaching Success: OER Supports Georgia’s Preservice Teachers

To earn teacher certification in Georgia, preservice teachers must pass an evaluation titled InternKEYS, which consists of ten professional standards assessing teachers’ pedagogical, subject matter and professional knowledge. Until 2022 Georgia’s teacher preparation programs  drew from varied texts and resources to teach these skills and concepts. With grant funding from Affordable Learning Georgia, a team from Georgia Southern University developed KEYS to Teaching Success, a digital OER designed to align directly with the InternKEYS assessment. This column outlines the multiple benefits of making this resource available to future educators. In addition to filling a gap in teacher preparation resources, KEYS to Teaching Success mitigates the high cost of preparing for a modestly-paid profession. It also fosters valuable professional relationships among those working on the development team.  Most importantly, as initial assessment data indicate, KEYS to Teaching Success effectively supports Georgia's preservice teachers as they prepare for initial certification.

Engendering Islands: Sexuality, Reproduction, and Violence in the Early French Caribbean by Ashley Williard

Reviewed by: Engendering Islands: Sexuality, Reproduction, and Violence in the Early French Caribbean by Ashley Williard Virginie Ems-Bléneau Williard, Ashley. Engendering Islands: Sexuality, Reproduction, and Violence in the Early French Caribbean. UP of Nebraska, 2021. ISBN 978-1-4962-2024-0. Pp. 294. France's national narrative has denied, or at the very least downplayed, its active participation in the slave trade and slavery for centuries. Today, public discourse still tends to point the finger to England or the United States for ruthlessly displacing and exploiting Africans in the pursuit of wealth and glory. "There were no slaves in France," a phrase repeated in many classrooms to highlight France's intellectual and ideological superiority following the Enlightenment. Engendering Islands will serve as an astute reminder that France, too, owes its current influence and wealth to the enslavement of Black bodies. The title's reference to gender illustrates Williard's approach: she shows how France constructed gender and race to meet the needs of the plantation economy in the French Caribbean of the seventeenth century. European binary definitions of gender (male vs. female) and race (European vs. non-European) evolved to take into account the new realities of colonial life. If masculinity for European men had signified courage and agency, this interpretation could no longer be applied to non-European men whose basic rights were systematically denied. Colonial society therefore deployed new racially-informed definitions of masculinity. Colonial publications discursively constructed the masculinity of African men as dangerous and violent to justify literal and symbolic emasculation. Furthermore, colonial narratives also reinvented femininity along racial lines. While planters were happily marrying Creole women due to the scarcity of European girls on the islands at the beginning of the period regardless of their skin tone, concerns over blood purity and morality engendered a shift in what would be considered desirable in a bride. Whiteness and religious education thus became the standards by which all women would be judged. In the context of colonial expansion, one might be lured into thinking that women and non-Whites were the primary targets of colonial control. The section on pirates and buccaneers shows, on the contrary, that any digression from the newly established gender norms proved threatening to the power structure. Pirates operated outside of the rules of society on several levels, including in their refusal to bind themselves to plantation society through a wife and a plot of land. Indeed, crew members formed homosocial partnerships called matelotage, which replaced patrilineal inheritance and ensured the wellbeing of wounded freebooters. These non-normative unions threatened colonial order so much that the Crown attempted to sever these bonds by using land, slaves, and women to entice sailors to settle down. While Williard reports that these tactics were ultimately unsuccessful, an analysis of the long-term consequences of such resistance would have been extremely interesting, and could be the object of further research. Although the overall scope of the book is not particularly [End Page 222] novel, this volume is well-written and thoroughly documented, making it a useful reference book for the study of race and gender in the early modern French Caribbean. [End Page 223] Virginie Ems-Bléneau Georgia Southern University Copyright © 2023 American Association of Teachers of French

Foreword

Foreword Ryan Alexander, Editor Following on the success of our spring 2021 special issue dedicated to Brazil, I am pleased to present to you a special issue dedicated to the topic of human trafficking in the Global South. Organized by Professor of Political Science Sabella Abidde at Alabama State University, Professor of Political Science José de Arimatéia da Cruz at Georgia Southern University, and Professor of History Michael R. Hall at Georgia Southern University, this issue looks at various dynamics of human trafficking in Africa, Latin America, and the Caribbean. The collection was inspired in part by the 7th INTERPOL Global Conference on Human Trafficking and Migrant Smuggling, held in Buenos Aires, Argentina, just months before the Association of Global South Studies held its own annual meeting there. The editors of this collection have provided a brief introduction, which follows this foreword, to the project and the individual articles contained within it. As always, I want to express my thanks to the many people who make this journal possible, including the anonymous peer reviewers who review manuscripts; the volunteer associate editors (Joseph Bangura for Africa, Srobana Battacharya for Asia, Sonia Farid for the Middle East, Tyler Ralston for the Americas, Jason Strakes for Eurasia, and Michael Hall for book reviews); Sara Abernathy, JGSS editorial assistant; Lauren Phillips, manager of journals at the University of Florida Press; Raven Hudson, the press's editorial assistant for journals; and the copy editors at the press. Our parent organization, the Association of Global South Studies, was established in order to provide an international structure for the humane and scientific study of peoples, problems, and issues in the world's developing countries, with the ultimate goal of improving the quality of life in those places. The late Dr. Harold Isaacs, professor emeritus of history at Georgia Southwestern State University in Americus, Georgia, founded the Association of Third [End Page vii] World Studies (ATWS), Inc., in 1983. The association now has a global membership and chapters in South Asia and Africa. In the summer of 2016, following a vote of the members of the association, ATWS was renamed the Association of Global South Studies (AGSS). As ATWS, the association began its history as an institution in 1991 when, under the newly ratified ATWS constitution, elected officials assumed responsibility for the management of the organization. Since 1992, the executive headquarters have been located at Georgia Southern University (1992–2003), Mississippi State University (2003–2006), and Louisiana State University–Shreveport (2006–). Due to the dedicated and energetic leadership of Zia H. Hashmi and Paul Rodell at Georgia Southern, Shu-hui Wu at Mississippi State, and William Pederson at LSU-Shreveport, AGSS has made great progress as a global, professional organization. In 1995, the United Nations recognized the success of AGSS by granting it UN "consultative status," thus enabling the association to increase its direct impact on world development. AGSS has an established and newly revamped website, to be found at http://apps.gsw.edu/atws/. Membership in AGSS is open to any person interested in studying the developing countries. Yearly membership dues are $60.00, which includes an annual subscription to JGSS. The yearly subscription rate is $60.00; single copies are $30.00. Discounts are available for students and those living in the developing countries. Membership and subscription forms, as well as copies of JTWS/JGSS, may be obtained by writing to the Association of Global South Studies, Inc., care of Ryan Alexander, History Department, SUNY-Plattsburgh, Champlain Valley Hall 224, Plattsburgh, NY 12901. Individuals interested in submitting articles to be considered, or refereed, for publication by the JGSS Board of Editors should write to the editor, also Ryan Alexander, at the above address. Alternatively, manuscripts may be sent to the editor via email: ralex006@plattsburgh.edu. Articles appearing in this journal are abstracted and indexed in Scopus, GEOBASE, International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS), International Political Science Abstracts Database (IPSA), Political Science Database, Sociological Abstracts, Historical Abstracts, America: History and Life, Periodica Islamica, Social Sciences Index, PAIS Indexes, CAB International (CABI), and others. [End Page viii] Copyright © 2023 Association of Global South Studies, Inc.

A Message from the Editor: Introduction to the Special Issue on Human Trafficking

A Message from the EditorIntroduction to the Special Issue on Human Trafficking Michael R. Hall, Sabella Abidde, and José de Arimatéia da Cruz In November 2000, the United Nations adopted the "Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime." It stated, "'Trafficking in persons' shall mean the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring, or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. Exploitation shall include, at a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labor or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs."1 The 7th INTERPOL Global Conference on Human Trafficking and Migrant Smuggling was held in Buenos Aires, Argentina, in September 2019—three months before the 37th Annual Association of Global South Studies (AGSS) Conference held in Argentina's capital in December 2019. The INTERPOL conference attracted 750 participants from ninety-seven countries who focused on disrupting the "business model" of criminal enterprises behind human trafficking and migrant smuggling. In her opening remarks at the INTERPOL conference, Patricia Bullrich, Argentina's Minister of Security, described human trafficking and migrant smuggling as "the strong over the weak—those who exploit the vulnerability for their own profit." According to Bullrich, "It is important that we understand the essence of the crime, [End Page ix] not only to fight the offenders, but also to develop our ability to return freedom and peace of mind to all those who have suffered as victims."2 While attending the AGSS conference, Professor of Political Science Sabella Abidde at Alabama State University, Professor of Political Science José de Arimatéia da Cruz at Georgia Southern University, and Professor of History Michael R. Hall at Georgia Southern University—encouraged and influenced by the success and popularity of the recent INTERPOL conference—initiated a project that would examine the issue of human trafficking in Africa, Latin America, and the Caribbean. Initially, the plan was to host a series of panels at the 38th annual AGSS conference to be held in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, in October 2020. Due to travel restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic, however, the conference was canceled. As a result, we approached Ryan Alexander, the editor of the Journal of Global South Studies (JGSS), with a plan for an issue of the journal dedicated to the theme of human trafficking in Africa, Latin America, and the Caribbean. The fruition of this endeavor are the six articles by nine scholars from multiple disciplines included in this issue of the journal. In "Theorizing Human Trafficking and Unfree Labor," Julia Harnoncourt from the University of Luxembourg and Miguel Paredes from the University of Vienna examine human trafficking in the context of labor exploitation. The authors explain that unfree labor transpires when the workers cannot sell their labor freely. Significantly, the unfree labor condition involves a situation in which the laborer cannot end their labor relation. After placing their research in historical perspective, the authors examine the Palermo Protocol and the application of laws against human trafficking in two case studies: Bolivia and Brazil. In "Paradoxes and Anomalies in Caribbean Anti-Trafficking Law and Practice," Jason Haynes from the University of the Birmingham assesses existing state practice on human trafficking in the Caribbean. Haynes' study is based on empirical data collected from interviews with 50 government officials and nongovernmental organization representatives in twelve Caribbean nations. In "Comparative Analysis of Human Trafficking in Caribbean and African Islands from the Annual Trafficking in Persons Report," Kathleen M. Vogel from Arizona State University examines current trends in human trafficking in African and Caribbean islands. Especially relevant is the author's discussion of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on human trafficking. In "Sun, Sand, Sex, and Safari: The Interplay of Sex Tourism and Global Inequalities [End Page...

Teaching in Black and White: The Sisters of St. Joseph in the American South by Barbara E. Mattick

Reviewed by: Teaching in Black and White: The Sisters of St. Joseph in the American South by Barbara E. Mattick James M. Woods Teaching in Black and White: The Sisters of St. Joseph in the American South. By Barbara E. Mattick. Washington, DC: Catholic University of Press, 2022, 275pp. $34.95. Barbara Mattick, a woman with a background in public history, has produced a welcome contribution on women religious orders and their impact on black and white pupils, patients, and orphans in the American South. My history of the Catholic Church in the American South from 1513–1900 did not deal directly with this topic and so this book is needed. This work starts when the Sisters of St. Joseph from France arrived in the mainly Catholic community of St. Augustine in 1866 until they affiliated with another order of women religious in 1922. [End Page 98] Her book follows no overall narrative but covers different aspects of their history. The first chapter covers the Irish Sisters of Mercy who came to Florida’s oldest city in 1859 and stayed a decade. The next chapter deals with the coming of the French Sisters of St. Joseph in 1886 and follows their ministry for the next quarter century to white and black students. The third chapter is on the intense religious rivalry between the Catholic sisters and the female Protestant missionary associations for the souls of “black folk” in Florida. The next chapter covers the sisters and their ministry during the Yellow Fever epidemics of 1877, 1888. The next two chapters deal with personnel and provincial changes, including the awkward situation when the sisters were ordered in late 1899 to sever their relationship with the motherhouse in France. The penultimate chapter is on anti-Catholicism and racism in early twentieth century Florida. The final chapter covers the Sisters of St. Joseph in Savannah, Washington, and Augusta until the early 1920s. The book draws upon a rich array of primary sources especially the hundreds of letters in French to the motherhouse in Le Puy, France. Such correspondence provide a rare look at these remarkable women “and their inner thoughts, struggles and hopes and even their sense of humor” (xiv). The work is augmented with pictures of the sisters and their ministry with white and black students in Florida and Georgia. This reviewer found it pleasing that the footnotes were located the bottom of the page. This book highlights areas of nineteenth century religion often overlooked; for example, ecumenism. As Mattick observes, “salvation was only possible through the Roman Catholic Church; Protestants were heretics . . . . The Protestant Missionaries . . . just as adamantly considered Roman Catholics to be lost souls” (82). When in 1913 a Florida bill passed forbidding whites from teaching in black schools, public or private, three sisters of St. Joseph were arrested on April 24, 1916, for violating this law. Two sisters were bonded out but Sister Thomasine Hehir refused and was put back into the convent for running a black Catholic school in St. Augustine. On May 21 a local judge [End Page 99] ordered her released as the law did not apply to private schools. While this was an interesting event, Mattick has three locations for this St. Benedict the Moor school. She once listed it near St. Augustine in Lincolnville, a picture of Sister Thomasine has the school in 1916 as being in St. Augustine, and another locates the school in Ybor City (185, 186, 249). This caveat aside, the Sisters of St. Joseph founded the “first recognized convent school in Florida, the first Roman Catholic white order to minister for freedmen after the Civil War, and the first Catholic orphanage in Florida” (235). Even after the religious order transferred its affiliation after 1922, it continued to minister with black and white students for decades later. With this book being published, it is hoped that their legacy will not be ignored or overlooked. [End Page 100] James M. Woods Georgia Southern University Copyright © 2023 American Catholic Historical Society

Introduction

Introduction The articles in this issue of Current Issues in Middle Level Education include a celebration of the National Association of Professors of Middle Level Education, a report of a research study, and a summary of best practices. Bridget Coleman and Nancy Ruppert are current and past presidents of the National Association of Professors of Middle Level Education (NAPOMLE). As this journal is the journal of NAPOMLE, we wanted to celebrate NAPOMLE’s 25th anniversary. Coleman and Ruppert reviewed several documents related to NAPOMLE’s history and mission; they also contacted several past leaders. Michael DiCicco and Ryan Alverson contributed an article that adds to the literature on Schools to Watch. Their study, based on schools in Kentucky, provides additional information about successful middle schools. Holly Thornton suggested best practices for online middle level education. As online teaching and learning continue, these ideas can assist middle level educators as they reflect and renew their commitments to student learning. As always, we extend gratitude to Jennifer Gerrald at Georgia Southern University for her support of the journal.

First Record of the Invasive Poneracantha triangularis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Georgia (USA)

The ant Poneracantha triangularis (Mayr) has a native range that extends from Costa Rica to northern Argentina (MacGown and Wetterer 2012, Psyche 2012: 1–4). The first North American record for this distinctive species was from Florida in 1985 (Deyrup et al. 1989, Fla. Entomol. 72: 91–101; as Gnamptogenys aculeaticoxae (Santschi)). Most literature refers to this species as G. triangularis, but a recent phylogenetic analysis (Camacho et al. 2022, Insect Syst. Divers. 6: 1–20) resurrected the genus Poneracantha from synonomy to include the species previously contained in the Gnamptogenys rostrata group (sensu Lattke 1995, J. Hymenopt. Res. 4: 137–193). Poneracantha triangularis subsequently has been reported from Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas, and South Carolina (MacGown and Forster 2005, Entomol. News 116: 61–74; MacGown and Wetterer 2012; Wang et al. 2021, Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc. 147: 819–825), but the current record is the first for the state of Georgia.On 2 May 2022, I conducted a field experiment on a colony of the invasive ant Pheidole obscurithorax Naves. The site was a foundation bed, planted with occasional yaupon hollies (Ilex vomitoria Aiton), along the southeastern side of the Education Building on Georgia Southern University's Statesboro campus. The bed was almost entirely covered with a thick layer of pine straw, except for three patches of bare dirt, roughly 1 m2 each, where the experiment was being conducted. During the course of the experiment, I observed individuals of an unfamiliar species of ant occasionally wandering along the edge of the bed. I eventually collected four specimens and later identified them as P. triangularis. Subsequent visits to the site failed to locate either a nest or additional workers, most likely due to the thick layer of pine straw combined with the small colonies (80–150 workers; Lattke 1990, Acta Terramaris 2: 1–47) that characterize this species.Poneracantha triangularis is one of two ectatommine ant species known from north of Mexico; the other is Gnamptogenys hartmani (Wheeler). Both species are easily recognized by the deep grooves that cover their entire head and body. Poneracantha triangularis workers are dark brown, 5 mm total length, and possess two small spines on the posterolateral corners of the propodeum (Figs. 1, 2). In living specimens, the apex of the gaster points downward and somewhat anteriorly in a manner superficially similar to Proceratium spp. (A.W.H. pers. obs.). Gnamptogenys hartmani, whose known U.S. distribution is limited to Texas and Louisiana, is noticeably smaller than P. triangularis (3.5–4 mm total length), pale reddish orange, lacks propodeal spines, and based on photographs does not direct the apex of its gaster anteriorly.Given the wide distribution of P. triangularis throughout the southeastern United States, its occurrence in Georgia is not surprising. In its introduced range, the species has been recorded from a wide range of habitats, but despite its distinctive appearance is seldom encountered.Poneracantha triangularis is a specialized predator on millipedes. In the laboratory, P. triangularis is especially fond of the invasive Asian millipede Oxidus gracilis (Koch), which is abundant on the Statesboro campus. Like many millipedes, O. gracilis defends itself against predators with a foul-smelling cocktail of toxic chemicals, including hydrogen cyanide (Taira et al. 2003, Appl. Entomol. Zool. 38: 401–404). These defenses, however, are apparently ineffective against P. triangularis, which has been recorded attacking O. gracilis in the field and can survive for hours in cyanide killing jars that killed other ants within a few minutes (Lattke 1990). Poneracantha triangularis workers emit an odor similar to that of O. gracilis (Wang et al. 2021), suggesting that this ant can not only tolerate the millipede's chemical weapons but perhaps also co-opt them for its own protection.Although P. triangularis is an invasive species (i.e., introduced by humans to a new area, from which it has subsequently spread; Simberloff 2013, Invasive Species: What Everyone Needs to Know; Oxford University Press, Oxford, England), its apparent scarcity and specialized diet suggest that it is not likely to become a serious pest, as MacGown and Wetterer (2012) and Wang et al. (2021) have noted.

For director-at-large: Will E. Lynch

Coastal Georgia Section. Georgia Southern University, Savannah, Georgia. Academic record: Kalamazoo College, BA, 1986; Wayne State University, PhD, 1991. Honors: ACS Service Award, Coastal Georgia Section, 1999; Armstrong Atlantic State University Alumni Award for Service to the Discipline, 2004; Sigma Xi. Professional positions (for the past 10 years): Georgia Southern University, department chair and professor, 2018–22, interim dean of the College of Science and Mathematics 2022-; Armstrong State University, professor, 2005–18, department head, 2006–18. Service in ACS national offices: Council Policy Committee, voting member, 2019–22, non-voting member, 2005–07; Committee on Strategic Planning, member, 2019–; Committee on Strategic Planning, Goal 1 Subcommittee, chair, 2022; Committee on Strategic Planning, Roadmap Implementation Subcommittee, chair, 2020–21; Committee on Divisional Activities, 2017–18; Committee on Meetings and Expositions, member, 2011–16, chair, 2013–15; Committee on Committees, 2008–10; Committee on Local Section Activities, 2002–07, chair, 2005–07, committee associate, 2000–01; Committee on Planning, 2005–07. Service in ACS offices: Coastal

Introduction from the Editorial Team

Introduction from the Editorial Team Selima Sultana, Paul Knapp, Ridwaana Allen, and Tyler Mitchell Our Editorial Team is grateful for the opportunity to contribute to Southeastern Geographer, the flagship journal of the Southeastern Division of the American Association Geographers (SEDAAG). We are pleased to report that the 2021 Annual SEDAAG Meeting in Florence, Alabama during November 20–22 was well attended following the virtual-format platform arrangement for the 2020 conference. The success of the SEDAAG Conference is made possible by the extensive work of numerous division members. We recognize the outstanding contributions of Lynn Resler and Jennifer Rahn for their roles as SEDAAG President and SEDAAG Vice-President, respectively, and Local Arrangement Chair, Michael Pretes during this unprecedented and challenging time. We were pleased that AAG President Emily Ye attended the meeting and presented the Keynote Address at the Awards Banquet. SEDAAG meetings offer a suite of professional development benefits and have excelled in distinguishing exceptional contributions in scholarship, instruction, and service. The recognition of awards is judged by the members of the Honors Committee, who must decide on recipients of nominated awards prior to the meeting and then spend much of the meeting evaluating student presentations. We applaud the efforts of the Committee, especially committee chair Douglas Allen, for their dedication. We note that while we list some of the 2021 awardees below, there were no nominations for the prestigious Research Honors Award. 2021 Awardees • Southeastern Geographer Award for Best Paper: Thomas Saladyga and Stockton Maxwell (A Multi-Century Fire History from the Potomac Highlands of West Virginia) and Gabe Schwartzman (POWER and the Future of Appalachia: Discursive Framings of an Economic Transition) • Southeastern Geographer Cover Art: Yin-Hsuen Chen, Old Dominion University • Lifetime Achievement Award: Bobby Wilson (posthumous) • Outstanding Service Award: Heidi J.L. Lannon, Santa Fe College • Excellence in Teaching: Ingrid Luffman, East Tennessee State University • John Fraser Hart Award, Best Ph.D. Student Paper: Savannah Collins-Key, University of Tennessee • Best Master's Paper: Avery Catherwood, University of North Carolina Greensboro [End Page 89] The conclusion of the annual meeting marks the transition of SEDAAG Officers. We thank Lynn Resler for her excellent work as President during 2019–2021 while navigating the numerous issues associated with the onset and continuation of the COVID-19 pandemic, and Treasurer, Amy Potter of Georgia Southern University. We congratulate newly elected President William (Bill) Graves of the University of North Carolina Charlotte, and Treasurer Paul McDaniel of Kennesaw State University for their two-year appointments as SEDAAG Officers. SEDAAG also welcomed newly elected State Representatives Jordan Cissell (Samford University), Johanna Engström (University of Florida), Michele Abee (Bellarmine University), Dean Hardy (University of South Carolina), and Thomas Saladyga (Concord University). We extend our warm thanks to the outgoing state representatives Caroline McClure (University of Alabama), Cynthia Simmons (University of Florida), Peggy Gripshover (Western Kentucky University), Conor Harrison (University of South Carolina), and Jamison Conley (West Virginia University) for their commitment and contributions to SEDAAG during the past two years. Please consider Southeastern Geographer as a publication outlet for work that relates to the American South. As an Editorial Team, we try to process manuscripts in a timely fashion with an average initial decision time of approximately six weeks. Manuscript submissions during the past four years have been from authors located from many locations outside of the SEDAAG region and SEDAAG membership is not a requirement to submit work to the journal. We are thankful for the contributions of authors and external reviewers that make Southeastern Geographer an outstanding journal. We are also grateful for the contributions of Joseph Weber of the University of Alabama for his role as Book Editor. Issue 62.2 (Summer) contains four papers, which we summarize below, and two book reviews. Biggs builds on cultural geography and the geographies of memory to explore how the managers at three historic sites in Durham, North Carolina attempt to manage the interests of historic preservation with present-day use and enjoyment of these sites. Rather than viewing the landscapes surrounding these sites as racially neutral backdrops, Biggs maintains that they are racialized spaces with their own histories. Specifically, the trees and grass at these sites are not...

Reproductive Citizens: Gender, Immigration, and the State in Modern France, 1880–1945 by Nimisha Barton

Reviewed by: Reproductive Citizens: Gender, Immigration, and the State in Modern France, 1880–1945 by Nimisha Barton Virginie Ems-Bléneau Barton, Nimisha. Reproductive Citizens: Gender, Immigration, and the State in Modern France, 1880–1945. Cornell UP, 2020. ISBN 978-1-5017-4963-6. Pp. xv + 284. While Barton did not coin the term "reproductive citizenship," it is a relatively novel concept in the study of individual rights and social frameworks. As presented in this book, the phrase accounts for the interwoven privileges, duties, and protections to which foreign-born French residents were subjected during France's populationist Third Republic. Due to France's (real and perceived, qualitative and quantitative) depopulation crisis, France eagerly opened its borders to immigrants as long as they "adopted profamily attitudes and procreative behaviors, and presented themselves in the acceptable accents of heterosexual masculinity and femininity" (5). The State, with the help of private and state-run welfare institutions, participated in shaping the gendered identity of its foreign population through what Barton calls "disciplinary paternalism" and "supportive maternalism." Foreign men were tolerated as long as they married and produced new French citizens, while foreign women, as the mothers of this new generation of French citizens, were supported through an array of benefits, if not rights (although family law also evolved to offer single mothers more stability at that time). Reproductive citizenship manifested itself in some perhaps unexpected ways: Women, an historically powerless class, received unprecedented attention from French officials with whom they often negotiated to obtain benefits, pensions, or even their husband's citizenship, thus showing a certain level of agency usually reserved to male subjects. Reproductive citizenship also proved more effective than legal citizenship in protecting France's Jewish population during the Vichy Regime. Many members of welfare organizations who had helped immigrant Jews for decades before the war refused to abandon their mission and charges, often actively aiding Jewish children and women by transporting or hiding them, sometimes at the cost of their own life. Furthermore, French citizens who had lived side-by-side with their foreign neighbors in Paris were much less inclined to denounce them than was the case in less diverse rural communities. Reproductive citizenship can therefore be seen as a set of practical, sometimes life-or-death, regulatory practices that affected the day-to-day life of foreign and French-born citizens as much as, if not more than, legal citizenship. The strength of this book lies in its attention to details and relatability. By offering personal accounts to illustrate the effects of these populationist policies, Barton has made History accessible, and maybe more importantly, real: These are people's stories, [End Page 219] lives lived. This book will therefore appeal to a wide readership, from historians and anthropologists to sociologists and gender studies scholars, to name just a few. Political scientists and lawmakers would particularly benefit from learning how policies aimed at increasing a nation's population through immigration can strengthen neighborhoods through mutual support and cohesion, all the while promoting national sentiment. [End Page 220] Virginie Ems-Bléneau Georgia Southern University Copyright © 2022 American Association of Teachers of French

Introduction

Introduction The articles in this issue of Current Issues in Middle Level Education reflect different experiences of middle level educators particularly as we continue to adapt to new realities given the coronavirus pandemic. Elizabeth Stewart, Jeasik Cho, Mellinee Lesley, and Julie Smit interviewed a small group of parents about their experiences supporting their children’s literacy learning at home in the early weeks of the pandemic in 2020. Their research provides insights and ideas from a parent perspective. As teacher educators, Jessica VanValkenburgh and Aaron R. Gierhart adjusted their practices and approaches to teaching science methods for middle grades and elementary teacher candidates. They share ideas for best practices from their reflection and experiences. In another article focused on teacher education, Randa Elbih, Elyssa Miller, Grace Sheldon, and Mackenzie Wilson share a pedagogical approach as an example of best practices. They explain how they engaged pre-service teachers in planning a STEM-based learning segment by connecting STEM areas with social studies. Finally, Holly Henderson Pinter and David C. Virtue describe how their program has prepared middle grades candidates for the edTPA portfolio assessment in current uncertain times. Their manuscript shares details about changes they made and concludes with lessons learned that readers may be able to apply within their own programs. Continued thanks to Jennifer Gerrald at Georgia Southern University for her support of the journal. We also thank the following people who acted as reviewers for CIMLE during 2021: Jori Beck Penny Howell Holly Henderson Pinter Hilary Dack Leah Kahn Nicolette Rickert Kent Divoll Deborah McMurtrie Nancy Ruppert Cheryl Ellerbrock Sarah Pennington Kristie Smith Miguel Gomez Stacie Pettit Christopher Weiler

Celebrating 15 Years of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning at Georgia Southern University

Celebrating 15 Years of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning at Georgia Southern University

Embodied Morality: Ekpri Àkàtà Masquerade of Efik Society, Nigeria

October 21 2021 Embodied Morality: Ekpri Àkàtà Masquerade of Efik Society, Nigeria Onyile Bassey Onyile Onyile Bassey Onyile Onyile Bassey Onyile is a retired professor of History of Art, Theory, & Criticism and Design Art at Georgia Southern University. He was raised in Calabar, Nigeria. He specializes in the arts of Africa, particularly the tradition arts of the Lower Cross River region of southeastern Nigeria. His research interests include performance and masquerades, and ancestral figures. Recent publications include “Okpo Ekak: Paradox of Passion and Individuality among the Efik” (African Arts 49 [3]: 48–61) and “Nobody Can Harm You, Nobody Can Charm You: Efik Nnabo Society Masquerades of Calabar, Nigeria” (African Arts 49 [1] 70–77. oonyile@gmail.com Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Author and Article Information Onyile Bassey Onyile Onyile Bassey Onyile is a retired professor of History of Art, Theory, & Criticism and Design Art at Georgia Southern University. He was raised in Calabar, Nigeria. He specializes in the arts of Africa, particularly the tradition arts of the Lower Cross River region of southeastern Nigeria. His research interests include performance and masquerades, and ancestral figures. Recent publications include “Okpo Ekak: Paradox of Passion and Individuality among the Efik” (African Arts 49 [3]: 48–61) and “Nobody Can Harm You, Nobody Can Charm You: Efik Nnabo Society Masquerades of Calabar, Nigeria” (African Arts 49 [1] 70–77. oonyile@gmail.com Online Issn: 1937-2108 Print Issn: 0001-9933 © 2021 by the Regents of the University of California2021Regents of the University of California African Arts (2021) 54 (4): 64–77. https://doi.org/10.1162/afar_a_00613 Cite Icon Cite Permissions Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Search Site Citation Onyile Bassey Onyile; Embodied Morality: Ekpri Àkàtà Masquerade of Efik Society, Nigeria. African Arts 2021; 54 (4): 64–77. doi: https://doi.org/10.1162/afar_a_00613 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentAll JournalsAfrican Arts Search Advanced Search all photos by the author except where otherwise noted Efik traditions are closely attached to deep cultural norms that play an important role in solving social problems, creating strategies for improvement, and shaping community visions based on past wisdom. This accumulated knowledge addresses behavioral issues in Efik society which some view as corrosive; specifically, through the Ekpri Àkàtà masquerade, also known as ekpo okoneyo, or “ghost of the night,” hereafter Àkàtà. It is an all-male, nocturnal, secret society among the Efiks and people of neighboring towns in the Lower Cross River Basin (among the Oron and Ibibio people), Cameroon, and Equitorial Guinea. Àkàtà's roles in Efik society are woven into its moral fabric; its members are regarded as spirits, ubiquitous and magical, thus knowing every thought, scandal, and scrap of gossip in... © 2021 by the Regents of the University of California2021Regents of the University of California You do not currently have access to this content.

Association Between Self-Recorded Heart Rate Variability Profiles And Actigraphy-Derived Physical Activity In Young Healthy Adults

Mobile devices facilitate daily heart rate variability (HRV) tracking and serve as a potential behavior modification tool for cardiovascular health. It is currently unclear whether serial self-recorded HRV measures are influenced by physical activity (PA) levels. PURPOSE: To evaluate the association between self-recorded HRV profiles and actigraphy-derived PA levels in young, apparently healthy adults. METHODS: Men (n = 21, 24.4 ± 4.9 years) and women (n = 20, 21.4 ± 2.7 years) self-recorded post-waking HRV for 60 s in supine and standing positions using a heart rate chest strap and mobile application over one week. The week average of the natural logarithm of the root-mean square of successive R-R interval differences (LnRMSSDavg, a vagal HRV index) and the coefficient of variation (LnRMSSDcv, a marker of day-to-day fluctuation) were assessed. Throughout the observation period, subjects wore a validated wrist-based activity monitor to determine average sedentary time; light, moderate, moderate-vigorous (MV), and vigorous (V) PA; and total steps. Aerobic capacity (VO2max) was obtained via a maximal cycle ergometer test post-observation. RESULTS: In men, no associations were observed between any HRV and PA variables (P > 0.05). In women, sedentary time (606 ± 108 min) was associated (r = 0.59) with supine LnRMSSDcv (9.8 ± 5.2%), MVPA (259 ± 74 min) was associated with standing (13.0 ± 4.4%) and supine LnRMSSDcv (r = -0.45 and -0.51, respectively), VPA (152 ± 54 min) was associated with supine LnRMSSDcv (r = -0.53), and total step count (13,209 ± 2,560) was associated (r = 0.45) with supine LnRMSSDavg (4.1 ± 0.5) (all P < 0.05). VO2max was associated with the same PA variables in women (P < 0.05), but none of the PA variables in men (P > 0.05). After adjusting for VO2max (28.1 ± 5.9 mL·kg·min-1), all associations between HRV and PA variables in women became non-significant (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Significant associations between self-recorded HRV profiles and actigraphy-derived PA levels that were only observed in women appear to be explained by fitness. Thus, PA tailored to the enhancement of aerobic capacity will likely yield the greatest HRV improvements, reflected in higher average values with less day-to-day fluctuation. Supported by Georgia Southern University Faculty Research Committee Seed Funding Award.

Spectral asymptotics of Laplacians associated with a class of higher-dimensional graph-directed self-similar measures * *The authors are supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Grant 11771136, and Construct Program of the Key Discipline in Hunan Province. The first author is also supported in part by the Hunan Province Hundred Talents Program and a Faculty Research Scholarly

The spectral dimension of a fractal Laplacian encodes important geometric, analytic, and measure-theoretic information. Unlike standard Laplacians on Euclidean spaces or Riemannian manifolds, the spectral dimension of fractal Laplacians are often non-integral and difficult to compute. The computation is much harder in higher-dimensions. In this paper, we set up a framework for computing the spectral dimension of the Laplacians defined by a class of graph-directed self-similar measures on (d ⩾ 2) satisfying the graph open set condition. The main ingredients of this framework include a technique of Naimark and Solomyak and a vector-valued renewal theorem of Lau et al.