Geomagnetic Research Research Articles

Historical geomagnetic observations from Prague observatory (since 1839) and their contribution to geomagnetic research

Abstract. Shortly after the introduction of the physical unit for the magnetic field in 1832 and the invention of the bifilar apparatus in 1837, both being extraordinary scientific achievements that took place in Göttingen, the Clementinum observatory in Prague became one of the first places where systematic observations of the horizontal intensity of the geomagnetic field began. Karl Kreil was decisively responsible for this. In this paper, we focus on the very beginnings of geomagnetic observations in Prague, dating from the middle of 1839. We describe the archival materials with data that exist from that time, how the main instrument for observing magnetic storms – the bifilar magnetometer – worked and how it was calibrated, and the first magnetic survey in Bohemia. This study indicates the importance of historical geomagnetic observation materials to modern science, such as space weather research.

Identification of alteration zone and gold mineralization based on magnetic anomaly and 3D model of geomagnetic satellite data inversion of Mount Pongkor Area, West Java

Mount Pongkor is one of the areas in Indonesia with the largest gold mineralization potential in Java. One of the geophysical methods to identify the distribution of gold mineralization zones is the geomagnetic method that utilizes magnetic properties in the subsurface due to the influence of rock magnetization. Geomagnetic research has been conducted at Mount Pongkor, Bogor Regency, West Java with an area of 22 x 17 km as much as 793 magnetic satellite data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) website that has been corrected daily. This study aims to determine the distribution of alteration zones and mineralization of the study area. The results showed that the RTP map shows the distribution of magnetic anomalies ranging from -4.786 – 4.663 nT, with high anomalies in the north-south direction associated with mineralization zones with anomaly values ranging from 1.881 – 4.663 nT and low anomalies in the north-south direction associated with rock alteration zones with anomaly values ranging from -4,786 - (-2.174) nT. In the 3D inversion model, the alteration zone has an average depth of 350 - 2600 m from topography with susceptibility contrast values ranging from -0.35 - (- 0.25) SI and the mineralization zone has an average depth of 350 - 2800 m from topography with susceptibility contrast values of 0.25 - 0.35 SI.©2022 JNSMR UIN Walisongo. All rights reserved.

HOUSE WITH METEOROLOGICAL MESONIN, OR SOME INFORMATION FROM RELIABLE SOURCES THAT CONTRIBUTES TO COMPLETING THE HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY

The article deals with the history of the institutions where meteorological and geomagnetic research originated and developed in the south of Ukraine in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries as well as their close ties with the history of the Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of the Novorossiysky University. Professors of Novorossiysky University V. I. Lapshin and F. N. Shvedov were those to whom the Department of Physical Geography owed its appearance. Teaching meteorological disciplines and scientific observations were initially conducted by the staff of the Department at the meteorological station of the University. In 1894, thanks to the efforts of prof. A. V. Klosovsky a special Meteorological observatory was constructed in the area of the Small Fountain of Odessa. In 1905, geomagnetic measurements were launched. Research works at the Magnetic Meteorological Observatory were carried out under the guidance of a number of scientists-geophysicists, M. A. Aganin, S. G. Popruzhenko, I. Ya. Tochidlovsky and P. T. Pasalsky being the most famous. In 1920, the University was closed and Observatory was transformed into an independent Odessa Geophysical Observatory. As soon as the Odessa State University was restored in 1933, the Observatory was given back to its Alma mater. However, since the postwar years it has been a part of the Odessa Hydrometeorological Center of the Black and Azov Seas.

QUARTZ MAGNETIC VARIATION STATIONS IZMIRAN AT POLAR OBSERVATORIES AND OBSERVATION POINTS: FROM ANALOG TO DIGITAL INSTRUMENTS

The paper presents a brief overview of magnetometric devices - quartz analog and digital magnetic variation stations, which were created by IZMIRAN employees for almost 50 years of time to conduct scientific geomagnetic research in the Arctic and Antarctica.

3‐D Magnetic Unstructured Inversion

AbstractMagnetic inversion methods based on structured grids have been used extensively in geomagnetic research. Nevertheless, structured grids limit the modeling capability and accuracy of models with arbitrary geometries. To address these challenges, 3‐D magnetic numerical forward modeling and inversion methods using an unstructured tetrahedral grid based on a partial differential equation (PDE) framework are proposed. The methods are derived from Maxwell's partial equations and constructed using the finite element method. Arbitrary undulating topographies, complex geometries, and demagnetization effects can be represented exactly, leading to high‐accuracy forward modeling and inversion solutions. The proposed methods are suitable for both local‐ and global‐scale magnetic data interpretation, for example, in mineral exploration and tectonic research. A synthetic example and real airborne magnetic survey data collected from Mount Iliamna, Alaska, USA, are tested. The results demonstrate that the novel methods significantly improve the capability and accuracy of magnetic data interpretation.

Early history of sudden commencement investigation and some newly discovered historical facts

Abstract. The history of the research on the SC (sudden commencement) of magnetic storms before World War II is studied in this paper. Since geomagnetic research activities before World War II are still not yet fully known, this paper aims to reveal some historical facts related to SC investigation at that time. The first conclusion of this paper is the possible first discoverer of the simultaneity of SC at distant locations. We show that a Portuguese scientist had already pointed it out 16 years earlier than believed. The second conclusion is the role and activities of Aikitu Tanakadate as the reporter of the SC investigation committee of STME (Section of Terrestrial Magnetism and Electricity) and IATME (International Association of Terrestrial Magnetism and Electricity) in the IGGU (International Geodetic and Geophysical Union) or IUGG (International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics). Very little was known about his activities as the reporter of this committee. Our investigation at the Tanakadate Aikitu Memorial Science Museum disclosed how he acted and what he thought of SC, based on his frequent letters to and from other scientists. The third conclusion concerns SC research carried out by Japanese scientists during the period of the Second International Polar Year (1932–1933). Not only Tanakadate but also many other Japanese scientists participated in SC research during this international project. This formed a traditional basis of SC investigation in Japan, prompting a number of Japanese scientists to study SC after World War II.

Archaeomagnetic results from Cambodia in Southeast Asia: Evidence for possible low-latitude flux expulsion

Extensive spatial and temporal distribution of high-quality data are essential for understanding regional and global behaviors of the geomagnetic field. We carried out chronological and archaeomagnetic studies at the Angkor-era iron-smelting site of Tonle Bak in Cambodia in Southeast Asia, an area with no data available to date. We recovered high-fidelity full-vector geomagnetic information from the 11th to 14th century for this region, which fill gaps in the global distribution of data and will significantly improve the global models. These results reveal a sharp directional change of the geomagnetic field between 1200 and 1300 CE, accompanied by an intensity dip between 1100 and 1300 CE. The fast geomagnetic variation recorded by our data provides evidence for the possible existence of low-latitude flux expulsion. Related discussions in this paper will inspire a new focus on detailed geomagnetic research in low-latitude areas around the equator, and exploration of related dynamic processes.

РЕГИСТРАТОРЫ ГЕОМАГНИТНЫХ ВОЗМУЩЕНИЙ В УСЛОВИЯХ ГОРОДА ДЛЯ МЕДИКО-БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ НАУЧНЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ (ОБЗОР РАЗРАБОТОК)

An overview of magnetometers for the geomagnetic disturbances and magnetic storms visualization in the city conditions is presented. The devices are intended for use in scientific experiments and research in medicine and magnetobiology. The devices allow geomagnetic research and are effectively used in local urban areas, and are designed to determine the magnitude and location of "harmful" electromagnetic disturbances of artificial origin.

Problems and prospects of geomagnetic research in Russia

Problems and prospects of geomagnetic research in Russia

Detrital Zircons Reveal Evidence of Hadean Crust in the Singhbhum Craton, India: A Reply

Previous article No AccessDetrital Zircons Reveal Evidence of Hadean Crust in the Singhbhum Craton, India: A ReplyScott R. Miller, Paul A. Mueller, Joseph G. Meert, George D. Kamenov, Anthony F. Pivarunas, Anup K. Sinha, and Manoj K. PanditScott R. Miller1. Department of Geological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32601, USA*Author for correspondence; email: [email protected]. Search for more articles by this author , Paul A. Mueller1. Department of Geological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32601, USA Search for more articles by this author , Joseph G. Meert1. Department of Geological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32601, USA Search for more articles by this author , George D. Kamenov1. Department of Geological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32601, USA Search for more articles by this author , Anthony F. Pivarunas1. Department of Geological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32601, USA Search for more articles by this author , Anup K. Sinha2. Dr. K. S. Krishnan Geomagnetic Research Laboratory, Chamanganj Bazaar, Allahabad 221 505, India Search for more articles by this author , and Manoj K. Pandit3. Department of Geology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Journal of Geology Volume 127, Number 3May 2019 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/702565 Views: 161Total views on this site HistoryReceived December 28, 2018Accepted December 29, 2018Published online March 26, 2019 © 2019 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Palaeomagnetism of Mafic Dykes from Kumaun Lesser Himalaya: Implication on Petrogenesis, Tectonic Setting and Timing of Mafic Magmatism in Northern Part of Indian Lithosphere

Acta Geologica Sinica - English EditionVolume 90, Issue s1 p. 120-121 5 Petrology, geochemistry and petrogenesis of dykes Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Palaeomagnetism of Mafic Dykes from Kumaun Lesser Himalaya: Implication on Petrogenesis, Tectonic Setting and Timing of Mafic Magmatism in Northern Part of Indian Lithosphere Santosh Kumar, Corresponding Author Santosh Kumar skyadavan@yahoo.com Department of Geology, Kumaun University, Nainital, 263002 IndiaCorresponding author. E-mail: skyadavan@yahoo.comSearch for more papers by this authorN. Surdas Singh, N. Surdas Singh Department of Geology, Kumaun University, Nainital, 263002 IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorS.K. Patil, S.K. Patil Dr. K. S. Krishnan Geomagnetic Research Laboratory, Allahabad, 211019 IndiaSearch for more papers by this author Santosh Kumar, Corresponding Author Santosh Kumar skyadavan@yahoo.com Department of Geology, Kumaun University, Nainital, 263002 IndiaCorresponding author. E-mail: skyadavan@yahoo.comSearch for more papers by this authorN. Surdas Singh, N. Surdas Singh Department of Geology, Kumaun University, Nainital, 263002 IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorS.K. Patil, S.K. Patil Dr. K. S. Krishnan Geomagnetic Research Laboratory, Allahabad, 211019 IndiaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 31 October 2016 https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-6724.12923AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume90, Issues1Special Issue: The Seventh International Dyke Conference: Dyke Swarms: Keys to Paleogeographic Reconstruction IDC7, 18–20 August, BeijingOctober 2016Pages 120-121 RelatedInformation

Wle\u0144/L\xe4hn District in the Sudetes Foothills, Poland: A Case Study of Cultural Landscape Evolution of an East Central European Settlement Microregion From the\xa0Tenth to the\xa0Eighteenth Centuries

The aim of the study is to reconstruct the evolution of the cultural landscape of a settlement microregion located in Central-Eastern Europe, in the Sudetes Foothills. The microregion selected for the research, Wleń, is a good example to study and describe phenomena that are also typical of other similar administrative and economic territories in this cultural zone during the medieval period and the modern era. Archaeological evidence, written and cartographic sources, Airborne Laser Scanning, Geographical Information System and geomagnetic research were used to reconstruct the development and forms of particular elements of the settlement and the economic structure.

Travancore's magnetic crusade: geomagnetism and the geography of scientific production in a princely state.

In 1840 the raja of Travancore, Swathi Thirunal, would offer his government's assistance to the British Association for the Advancement of Science and its plan for a global system of magnetic observations. Over the next thirty years, the two directors of this princely state's observatory, John Caldecott and John Allan Broun, would pursue fundamental terrestrial magnetic research. Their efforts would culminate in the Trivandrum [Trevandrum] Magnetical Observations (1874). In what follows, the history of this publication is used to shed light on how and why a semi-autonomous princely state such as Travancore would engage the scientific community in Europe at this time. The article focuses in particular on the work of turning observation data into a published report and on how that labour would be distributed between the Indian subcontinent and Europe. Because the production of such reports required dozens of hands and decades of labour, its history can reveal much about the concrete working relationship between informal colony and imperial metropole within the British Empire. The Trivandrum Magnetic Observations were produced within a global economy of science in which Travancore sometimes had the upper hand. At the same time, data and scientific productions tended to accumulate in Europe (at least for a time), where ultimately the consumers of scientific products and the arbiters of 'scientific value' also largely remained. Within the sprawling economic, political and cultural infrastructures that linked geomagnetic research in Travancore and Europe, the relative strengths and weaknesses of each region would cut in different directions. The history of the production of the Trivandrum Observations brings to light this robustly interconnected geography of scientific production within the British Empire. It also reveals some of the processes by which 'centres' and 'peripheries' in the sciences were then becoming differentiated.

Making Kew Observatory: the Royal Society, the British Association and the politics of early Victorian science.

Built in 1769 as a private observatory for King George III, Kew Observatory was taken over in 1842 by the British Association for the Advancement of Science (BAAS). It was then quickly transformed into what some claimed to be a 'physical observatory' of the sort proposed by John Herschel - an observatory that gathered data in a wide range of physical sciences, including geomagnetism and meteorology, rather than just astronomy. Yet this article argues that the institution which emerged in the 1840s was different in many ways from that envisaged by Herschel. It uses a chronological framework to show how, at every stage, the geophysicist and Royal Artillery officer Edward Sabine manipulated the project towards his own agenda: an independent observatory through which he could control the geomagnetic and meteorological research, including the ongoing 'Magnetic Crusade'. The political machinations surrounding Kew Observatory, within the Royal Society and the BAAS, may help to illuminate the complex politics of science in early Victorian Britain, particularly the role of 'scientific servicemen' such as Sabine. Both the diversity of activities at Kew and the complexity of the observatory's origins make its study important in the context of the growing field of the 'observatory sciences'.

Preface to the Special Issue on "Geomagnetic Research for Taiwan: Present and Future"

Preface to the Special Issue on "Geomagnetic Research for Taiwan: Present and Future"

Towards automated remote SQUID stations for geomagnetic measurements

SQUID magnetometers for geomagnetic research can only be used optimally if they are moved away from man-made interference. This leads to several problems related to infrastructure. This article briefly discusses current research involving issues with site selection, liquid nitrogen monitoring and transfer, and the use of Helmholtz coils for zero-field cooling and orientation.

Operations of the World Data Centre for Geomagnetism, Edinburgh

The British Geological Survey has operated a World Data Centre for Geomagnetism since 1966. Geomagnetic time-series data from around 280 observatories worldwide at a number of time resolutions are held along with various magnetic survey, model, and activity index data. The operation of this data centre provides a valuable resource for the geomagnetic research community. The operation of the WDC and details of the range of data held are presented. The quality control procedures that are applied to incoming data are described as is the work to collaborate with other data centres to distribute and improve the overall consistency of data held worldwide. The development of standards for metadata associated with datasets is demonstrated, and current efforts to digitally preserve the BGS analogue holdings of magnetograms and observatory yearbooks are described.

Visualising geomagnetic data by means of corresponding observations

Geomagnetic observation data was already being depicted (visualised) in the form of isolines on maps and globes back in the eighteenth century. Corresponding, synchronous observations had already been made in certain astronomical and meteorological areas, but this method yielded singular results in the field of geomagnetism. The observation results were consequently made generally available. It was Alexander von Humboldt who took the first critical steps in establishing this method of corresponding observations in geomagnetic research; Russia was the first cooperative partner. However, the future of geomagnetic research belonged to Gauss, who improved observation methods and instruments as well as making this information available to a wider public in the journal “Resultate aus den Beobachtungen des magnetischen Vereins”. He published the results of corresponding observations in form of pictorial illustrations; this clearly showed who led the field in his day. It was left to Gauss’ pupil Adolph Theodor Kupffer, born in the Baltic area, to make Gauss’ results known in Russia and to promote them; this was particularly important in a time in which Gottingen had already relinquished its status as the centre of geomagnetic research. Russia became the site of the world’s first geomagnetic research institution, i.e. the main geophysical observatory founded in 1849, which still exists today.

Danish auroral science history

Abstract. Danish auroral science history begins with the early auroral observations made by the Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe during the years from 1582 to 1601 preceding the Maunder minimum in solar activity. Included are also the brilliant observations made by another astronomer, Ole Rømer, from Copenhagen in 1707, as well as the early auroral observations made from Greenland by missionaries during the 18th and 19th centuries. The relations between auroras and geomagnetic variations were analysed by H. C. Ørsted, who also played a vital role in the development of Danish meteorology that came to include comprehensive auroral observations from Denmark, Iceland and Greenland as well as auroral and geomagnetic research. The very important auroral investigations made by Sophus Tromholt are outlined. His analysis from 1880 of auroral observations from Greenland prepared for the significant contributions from the Danish Meteorological Institute, DMI, (founded in 1872) to the first International Polar Year 1882/83, where an expedition headed by Adam Paulsen was sent to Greenland to conduct auroral and geomagnetic observations. Paulsen's analyses of the collected data gave many important results but also raised many new questions that gave rise to auroral expeditions to Iceland in 1899 to 1900 and to Finland in 1900 to 1901. Among the results from these expeditions were 26 unique paintings of the auroras made by the artist painter, Harald Moltke. The expedition to Finland was headed by Dan la Cour, who later as director of the DMI came to be in charge of the comprehensive international geomagnetic and auroral observations made during the Second International Polar Year in 1932/33. Finally, the article describes the important investigations made by Knud Lassen during, among others, the International Geophysical Year 1957/58 and during the International Quiet Sun Year (IQSY) in 1964/65. With his leadership the auroral and geomagnetic research at DMI reached a high international level that came to be the background for the first Danish satellite, Ørsted, successfully launched in 1999 and still in operation.

Georg von Neumayer and geomagnetic research

Abstract. Neumayer was a prominent figure in the development of geophysics in the 19th century from a scientific as well as from an organisational point of view. In this paper we review and highlight his activities and efforts in geomagnetic research within five different aspects of geomagnetism: regional geomagnetic surveys, geomagnetic work in German naval observatories, geomagnetic investigations during the First Polar Year 1882/83, modifications of the Gaussian theory, and geomagnetic charts. In each field Neumayer was a researcher, a thinker, and a stimulating coordinator.