In recent years, the issue of carbon dioxide disposal has become a national hot issue, and China has pledged to the international community to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality by 2060. In this paper, the relationship between the water-rock reaction rate of different ores and temperature and alkalinity is first studied by consulting relevant data. It is found that the reaction rate of quartz increases with the increase of temperature under neutral conditions, and the reaction rate of manganese-free ore increases with the alkalinity. At the same time, the kinetic parameters of the water-rock reaction were determined. Secondly, the underground storage model of carbon dioxide is established by using the law of conservation of mass and Darcy's law, and a case of solving the model is given. Finally, the sensitivity analysis of the model was carried out, and it was found that the model was not sensitive to carbon dioxide density and flow, but was more sensitive to soil porosity, and the sensitivity first decreased, then increased and finally stabilized.