Geography Of Foreign Direct Investment Research Articles

ВОПРОСЫ ТРАНСНАЦИОНАЛИЗАЦИИ МИРОВОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА И СДВИГИ В ГЕОГРАФИИ ПРЯМЫХ ИНОСТРАННЫХ ИНВЕСТИЦИЙ В 1970–2020 гг.

The purpose of the article is to identify the most important transformations in the processes of transnationalization of the world economy in 1970–2020. The main tasks are to identify changes in the role of TNCs in the global economy and the driving forces that caused them, to identify shifts in the geography of foreign direct investment (FDI). The relevance of the article is determined by the importance of TNCs in the modern processes of globalization. Research methods: problem approach, cartographic method and multi-scale analysis. Since the early 1970s the share of TNCs in global GDP increased from 16–17% to 32%, in international trade – from 43% to 80%, in industrial production – from 20–25% to 50%. A powerful transnational sector of the world economy has been formed. FDI provides 28–29% of the investments needed for the development of foreign production, while being the main “carriers” of global technological diffusion. With the dominance of services in the production activities of TNCs, the role of the manufacturing industry in it is 2–4 times higher than in the economy as a whole. The “center” of FDI has moved to the Euro-Asian megaregion. The role of East Asia has increased the most, from 1% to 10–13% of global FDI. South-South and South-North investment directions have emerged, which together account for 1/5 of global FDI. “Tax havens” in terms of FDI turnover now surpass large economies (France, Italy, etc.). “Net” interregional outflow of FDI decreased from 31% to 7%. The share of intraregional FDI increased from 36–40% to 48%.

Forgotten territories: the uneven geography of FDI in Africa and the case studies of Burundi, Central African Republic, Comoros, the Gambia, Guinea-Bissau and São Tomé and Príncipe

ABSTRACT Considering the uneven geography of foreign direct investment in Africa, this article examines political, demographic and infrastructural factors that have led six countries – Burundi, Central African Republic, Comoros, the Gambia, Guinea Bissau and São Tomé and Príncipe – to be the least attractive territories to the external capital. This paper investigates the extent to which political stability, qualification of labor, potential consumer market, regional integration, and infrastructure play a central role in attracting investments. It also debates Geography’s role in investigating African countries’ particularities to avoid common generalizations, which are still disseminated by Afro-Optimism and Afro-Pessimist perspectives.

GEOGRAPHY OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN MODERN WORLD ECONOMY

The article provides the results of an integrated macrogeographical research of allocation of stock foreign direct investment (FDI) in the modern stage of world economy evolution. The idea of the study is based on an analysis of the dynamics of the territorial diffusion of FDI, generalization of experience in the field of FDI. The place and the role of macroregions in the distribution of accumulated FDI, particularly FDI in the global center-peripheral system and changes in the geography of foreign direct investment at the end of 20th – the beginning of 21st centuries are considered. The most important investment relationships between the countries and the macroregions of the world are identifi ed. The ranking of important investment is carried out. The direction and extent of redistribution of investment resources between regions of the world is revealed. The macrosectoral structure of direct investment on a higher taxonomical level – within the framework of the integral system of world economy – is analyzed.

Some macro-data on the regionalisation/globalisation debate: a comment on the Rugman/Verbeke analysis

This paper critiques an earlier contribution by Rugman and Verbeke (2004); and it does so by considering the global distribution of foreign direct investment (FDI). It also adds several new dimensions to the regionalisation/globalisation debate, noticeably by (i) the incorporation of inward multinational enterprise (MNE) activity, (ii) evaluating changes in the geography of FDI between 1990 and 2003, and (iii) the introduction of the concept of revealed investment comparative advantage (RICA) of countries and regions. While broadly supporting the findings of Rugman and Verbeke, our paper shows that much of the explanation for the regional concentration of FDI and MNE activity reflects that of the gross domestic product (GDP) and trade of the countries concerned, rather than any distinctive strategy on the part of investing firms.

Regional Distribution of Foreign Direct Investment in Russia

The objective of this article is to develop a model of the regional distribution of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Russia based on panel data for 1996–2003 taking into consideration implications shown in preceding studies on the geography of FDI in Russia. Through descriptive statistical and econometric analysis, the following conclusions were reached. First, there is a notable deviation of FDI in Russia among regions; however, a clear geographical pattern, similar to that in Central and Eastern European countries and China, can not be observed. Second, resource endowments, market factors and social development factors, to which the preceding studies attach importance as determinants for the regional selection of FDI, also proved to have high significance and explanatory power in the empirical analysis. In addition, it has been suggested that climate and favourable regionally discriminatory FDI measures are possible investment factors. Third, evidence suggesting that the Russian financial crisis in 1998 had a statistically significant influence on the decision-making process of foreign investors was not found in this analysis.

The Geography of Foreign Direct Investment: A Tripartite Framework

Patterns in Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) over the 1990s reveal three internationalization strategies: classic internationalization, emerging internationalization and competitive internationalization. The evolving tripartite framework enables to position internationalization strategies, FDI theories and, a number of emerging issues related to FDI and globalization in their geographical context. The three internationalization strategies simultaneously shape, although not necessarily to the same extent, nor in a similar fashion, current globalization. Driven by ‘regionalism’ among homogeneous blocks (in particular among the European Union member states and between the EU and the United States) ‘competitive internationalization’ is arguably the most salient feature of globalization at the end of the 20th century.

The Geography of Foreign Direct Investment in Poland's Food Industry

In this paper a gravity model is developed to analyse cumulative FDI inflows into Poland's food industry during the 1990s. The FDI data is related to characteristics of 28 countries of investor‐origin. The results confirmed earlier studies with respect to important links between FDI, trade, and labour costs, as well as the general appropriateness of the basic gravity model formulation. Geographical distance was found to be a significant determinant of FDI in staple food industries, but not in high value‐added, branded confectionery, beverage, and tobacco production, suggesting that different industry‐branches might be globalised to a differing extent.

Globalization and the new geography of foreign direct investment

This paper first describes the changes in the geography of foreign direct investment (FDI) over the past two decades. It then goes on to offer some explanations for the changes identified. Next, it suggests that the new geography of FDI strongly reflects the sectors in which multinational enterprises operate, the countries from which they originate, and their international production and marketing strategies.

The Practice of International Labor Solidarity and the Geography of the Global Economy

Economic geographers have neglected the international activities of workers and working class organizations. Worker invisibility has been particularly evident in explanations of the geography of foreign direct investment. Yet for over a century workers have built international labor organizations which have shaped economic and political geographies. This paper examines an international campaign waged on behalf of some 1,700 members of United Steelworkers of America Local 5668 who were locked out of an aluminum smelter in Ravenswood, West Virginia on expiration of their contract in November 1990. The lockout was part of a company plan to break the local union and operate the smelter with a non-union work force. The paper analyzes how Local 5668 and its supporters built a global solidarity network which successfully forced a multibillion-dollar transnational metals trading corporation to reinstate the locked out union workers and sign a new contract. As the paper shows, workers clearly make economic geographies through their actions. Economic geographers should pay greater empirical and theoretical attention to this fact.